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Environmental systems analysis

January 01, 1970

For analysis of ecological systems, see ecosystem ecology and systems ecology.

Environmental systems analysis (ESA) is a systematic and systems based approach for describing human actions impacting on the natural environment to support decisions and actions aimed at perceived current or future environmental problems. Impacts of different types of objects are studied that ranges from projects, programs and policies, to organizations, and products.[1][2] Environmental systems analysis encompasses a family of environmental assessment tools and methods, including life cycle assessment (LCA), material flow analysis (MFA) and substance flow analysis (SFA), and environmental impact assessment (EIA), among others.[3][4][5]

Overview edit

ESA studies aims at describing the environmental repercussions of defined human activities. These activities are mostly effective through use of different technologies altering material and energy flows, or (in)directly changing ecosystems (e.g. through changed land-use, agricultural practices, logging etc.), leading to undesired environmental impacts in a, more or less, specifically defined geographical area, and time, ranging from local to global. The basis for the analytical procedures used in ESA studies is the perception of flows of matter and energy associated to causal chains linking human activities to the environmental changes of concern.[6] Some methods are focusing different parts or aspects of the energy/matter flows or the causal chains, where flow models like MFA or LCA deals with the more or less human controlled societal flows while, e.g. ecological risk assessment (ERA) is related to disentangling environmental causal chains. Environmental systems analysis studies has been suggested to be divided between "full" and "attributional" approaches. The full mode covers identified material and energy flows and associated processes leading to environmental impacts. The attributional approach, on the other hand, is based on an analysis of the processes needed to fulfil a certain purpose such as the function that a product delivers.[7] The combination of methods (e.g. LCA and environmental risk assessment) has also been of interest [8]

Methods can be grouped into procedural and analytical approaches. The procedural ones (e.g. EIA or strategic environmental assessment, SEA) focus on the procedure around the analysis, while the analytical ones (e.g. LCA, MFA) put the main focus on technical aspects of the analysis, and can be used as parts of the procedural approaches. Regarding the impacts studied, the environmental issues cover both effects of natural resource use and other environmental impacts, e.g. due to emissions of chemicals, or other agents. In addition, environmental systems analysis studies can cover or be based on economic accounts (life cycle costing, cost-benefit analysis, input-output analysis, systems for economic and environmental accounts), or consider social aspects. The objects of study are distinguished into five categories. These are projects, policies and plans, regions or nations, firms and other organizations, products and functions, and substances.[9][10][11]

Further, environmental systems analysis studies are often used to support decision making and it is acknowledged that the decision context varies and is of importance. This regards, for example, that business activities can be related in different ways to the products and other objects studied in environmental systems analysis.[12][13]

History edit

A perception of a coherent family of tools and methods for ESA started to become established by findings published in the year 2000. Common characteristics were found to recently have appeared across tools and methods that had previously been seen as distinct from each other. The characteristics were full and attribution approaches, respectively, and the tools and methods were each earlier determined by one unique combination of flow object, spatial boundary and relation to time.[14]

An overview of tools and methods for ESA was published five years later. It was to a large extent based on a series of reports and also drew on the life cycle management project CHAINET. The series of reports covered for example an introduction to tools for Esa that also related them to decision situations, and a study on differences and similarities between tools for esa where a short case study on heat production was included. In the CHAINET project, commissioned by the EU Environment and Climate programme, analytical tools for decision making were studied regarding demand and supply of environmental information, while procedural ESA approaches were not covered.[15][16][17][18]

An expansion of the field has occurred and a number of scientific journals publish extensively on the application of ESA methods e.g. Energy and Environmental Science, Environmental Science and Technology, Journal of Cleaner Production, International Journal of Life-cycle Assessment, and Journal of Industrial Ecology

Tools and methods edit

The environmental systems analysis tools and methods include:[19]

See also edit

External links edit

  • Environmental Systems Analysis at Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden
  • Environmental Systems Analysis Group at Wageningen UR (University & Research centre), Netherlands
  • Agricultural and Environmental Systems Analysis at the University of Nottingham, Great Britain

References edit

  1. ^ Finnveden, G.; Moberg, A. (2005). "Environmental systems analysis tools – An overview". Journal of Cleaner Production 13 (12): 1165–1173. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.06.004
  2. ^ Udo de Haes, H.; Heijungs, R.; Huppes, G.; Van Der Voet, E.; Hettelingh, J.-P. (2000). "Full mode and attribution mode in environmental analysis". Journal of Industrial Ecology 4 (1): 45–56. doi:10.1162/108819800569285
  3. ^ Finnveden, G.; Moberg, A. (2005). "Environmental systems analysis tools – An overview". Journal of Cleaner Production 13 (12): 1165–1173. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.06.004
  4. ^ Höjer, M.; Ahlroth, S.; Dreborg, K.-H.; Ekvall, T.; Finnveden, G.; Hjelm, O.; Hochschorner, E.; Nilsson, M.; Palm, V. (2008). "Scenarios in selected tools for environmental systems analysis". Journal of Cleaner Production 16 (18): 1958–1970. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2008.01.008
  5. ^ Eriksson, O.; Frostell, B.; Björklund, A.; Assefa, G.; Sundqvist, J.-O.; Granath, J.; Carlsson, M.; Baky, A.; Thyselius, L. (2002). "ORWARE - A simulation tool for waste management". Resources, Conservation and Recycling 36 (4): 287–307. doi:10.1016/S0921-3449(02)00031-9
  6. ^ Udo de Haës, H.A. Jolliet, O., Finnveden, G., Hauschild, M., Krewitt, W., Müller-Wenk, R. (1999). Best available practice regarding impact categories and category indicators in life cycle impact assessment: Background document for the second working group on life cycle impact assessment of SETAC-Europe (WIA-2)Int. J. LCA 4 (3) 167-174
  7. ^ Udo de Haes, H.; Heijungs, R.; Huppes, G.; Van Der Voet, E.; Hettelingh, J.-P. (2000). "Full mode and attribution mode in environmental analysis". Journal of Industrial Ecology 4 (1): 45–56. doi:10.1162/108819800569285
  8. ^ Harder, R., Holmquist, H., Molander, S., Svanström, M., Peters, G. M. (2015) Review of Environmental Assessment Case Studies Blending Elements of Risk Assessment and Life Cycle Assessment. Environmental Science & Technology 49 (22) 13083-13093
  9. ^ Finnveden, G.; Moberg, A. (2005). "Environmental systems analysis tools – An overview". Journal of Cleaner Production 13 (12): 1165–1173. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.06.004
  10. ^ Udo de Haes, H.; Heijungs, R.; Huppes, G.; Van Der Voet, E.; Hettelingh, J.-P. (2000). "Full mode and attribution mode in environmental analysis". Journal of Industrial Ecology 4 (1): 45–56. doi:10.1162/108819800569285
  11. ^ Baumann, H.; Tillman, A.-M. (2004). The hitch hiker's guide to LCA: An orientation in life cycle assessment methodology and application. Lund, Sweden: Studentlitteratur. ISBN 978-91-44-02364-9
  12. ^ Finnveden, G.; Moberg, A. (2005). "Environmental systems analysis tools – An overview". Journal of Cleaner Production 13 (12): 1165–1173. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.06.004
  13. ^ Baumann, H.; Tillman, A.-M. (2004). The hitch hiker's guide to LCA: An orientation in life cycle assessment methodology and application. Lund, Sweden: Studentlitteratur. ISBN 978-91-44-02364-9
  14. ^ Udo de Haes, H.; Heijungs, R.; Huppes, G.; Van Der Voet, E.; Hettelingh, J.-P. (2000). "Full mode and attribution mode in environmental analysis". Journal of Industrial Ecology 4 (1): 45–56. doi:10.1162/108819800569285
  15. ^ Finnveden, G.; Moberg, A. (2005). "Environmental systems analysis tools – An overview". Journal of Cleaner Production 13 (12): 1165–1173. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.06.004
  16. ^ Moberg, Å.; Finnveden, G.; Johansson, J.; Steen, P. (1999). Miljösystemanalytiska verktyg: En introduktion med koppling till beslutssituationer (Environmental systems analysis tool: An introduction in relation to decision situations) [AFR Rapport 251]. Stockholm: AFN, Naturvårdsverket
  17. ^ Moberg, Å. (1999). Environmental systems analytical tools: Differences and similarities including a brief case study on heat production using ecological footprint, MIPS, LCA and exergy analysis. MSc thesis, Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, Stockholm
  18. ^ Wrisberg, N.; Udo de Haes, H. A.; Triebswetter, U.; Eder, P.; Clift, R. (2002). Analytical tools for environmental design and management in a systems perspective. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers
  19. ^ Finnveden, G.; Moberg, A. (2005). "Environmental systems analysis tools – An overview". Journal of Cleaner Production 13 (12): 1165–1173. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.06.004

January 01, 1970
environmental, systems, analysis, analysis, ecological, systems, ecosystem, ecology, systems, ecology, systematic, systems, based, approach, describing, human, actions, impacting, natural, environment, support, decisions, actions, aimed, perceived, current, fu. For analysis of ecological systems see ecosystem ecology and systems ecology Environmental systems analysis ESA is a systematic and systems based approach for describing human actions impacting on the natural environment to support decisions and actions aimed at perceived current or future environmental problems Impacts of different types of objects are studied that ranges from projects programs and policies to organizations and products 1 2 Environmental systems analysis encompasses a family of environmental assessment tools and methods including life cycle assessment LCA material flow analysis MFA and substance flow analysis SFA and environmental impact assessment EIA among others 3 4 5 Contents 1 Overview 2 History 3 Tools and methods 4 See also 5 External links 6 ReferencesOverview editESA studies aims at describing the environmental repercussions of defined human activities These activities are mostly effective through use of different technologies altering material and energy flows or in directly changing ecosystems e g through changed land use agricultural practices logging etc leading to undesired environmental impacts in a more or less specifically defined geographical area and time ranging from local to global The basis for the analytical procedures used in ESA studies is the perception of flows of matter and energy associated to causal chains linking human activities to the environmental changes of concern 6 Some methods are focusing different parts or aspects of the energy matter flows or the causal chains where flow models like MFA or LCA deals with the more or less human controlled societal flows while e g ecological risk assessment ERA is related to disentangling environmental causal chains Environmental systems analysis studies has been suggested to be divided between full and attributional approaches The full mode covers identified material and energy flows and associated processes leading to environmental impacts The attributional approach on the other hand is based on an analysis of the processes needed to fulfil a certain purpose such as the function that a product delivers 7 The combination of methods e g LCA and environmental risk assessment has also been of interest 8 Methods can be grouped into procedural and analytical approaches The procedural ones e g EIA or strategic environmental assessment SEA focus on the procedure around the analysis while the analytical ones e g LCA MFA put the main focus on technical aspects of the analysis and can be used as parts of the procedural approaches Regarding the impacts studied the environmental issues cover both effects of natural resource use and other environmental impacts e g due to emissions of chemicals or other agents In addition environmental systems analysis studies can cover or be based on economic accounts life cycle costing cost benefit analysis input output analysis systems for economic and environmental accounts or consider social aspects The objects of study are distinguished into five categories These are projects policies and plans regions or nations firms and other organizations products and functions and substances 9 10 11 Further environmental systems analysis studies are often used to support decision making and it is acknowledged that the decision context varies and is of importance This regards for example that business activities can be related in different ways to the products and other objects studied in environmental systems analysis 12 13 History editA perception of a coherent family of tools and methods for ESA started to become established by findings published in the year 2000 Common characteristics were found to recently have appeared across tools and methods that had previously been seen as distinct from each other The characteristics were full and attribution approaches respectively and the tools and methods were each earlier determined by one unique combination of flow object spatial boundary and relation to time 14 An overview of tools and methods for ESA was published five years later It was to a large extent based on a series of reports and also drew on the life cycle management project CHAINET The series of reports covered for example an introduction to tools for Esa that also related them to decision situations and a study on differences and similarities between tools for esa where a short case study on heat production was included In the CHAINET project commissioned by the EU Environment and Climate programme analytical tools for decision making were studied regarding demand and supply of environmental information while procedural ESA approaches were not covered 15 16 17 18 An expansion of the field has occurred and a number of scientific journals publish extensively on the application of ESA methods e g Energy and Environmental Science Environmental Science and Technology Journal of Cleaner Production International Journal of Life cycle Assessment and Journal of Industrial EcologyTools and methods editThe environmental systems analysis tools and methods include 19 Cost benefit analysis CBA Ecological footprint EF Energy analysis En Environmental impact assessment EIA Environmental management system EMS Input output analysis IOA Life cycle assessment LCA Life cycle cost analysis LCCA Material flow accounting MFA Risk assessment Strategic environmental assessment SEA Systems for economic and environmental accounts SEEA See also editCarbon footprint Cleaner production Ecological economics Environmental management Industrial ecology Sustainability Sustainable development Sustainability measurement Technology assessmentExternal links editEnvironmental Systems Analysis at Chalmers University of Technology Sweden Environmental Systems Analysis Group at Wageningen UR University amp Research centre Netherlands Agricultural and Environmental Systems Analysis at the University of Nottingham Great BritainReferences edit Finnveden G Moberg A 2005 Environmental systems analysis tools An overview Journal of Cleaner Production 13 12 1165 1173 doi 10 1016 j jclepro 2004 06 004 Udo de Haes H Heijungs R Huppes G Van Der Voet E Hettelingh J P 2000 Full mode and attribution mode in environmental analysis Journal of Industrial Ecology 4 1 45 56 doi 10 1162 108819800569285 Finnveden G Moberg A 2005 Environmental systems analysis tools An overview Journal of Cleaner Production 13 12 1165 1173 doi 10 1016 j jclepro 2004 06 004 Hojer M Ahlroth S Dreborg K H Ekvall T Finnveden G Hjelm O Hochschorner E Nilsson M Palm V 2008 Scenarios in selected tools for environmental systems analysis Journal of Cleaner Production 16 18 1958 1970 doi 10 1016 j jclepro 2008 01 008 Eriksson O Frostell B Bjorklund A Assefa G Sundqvist J O Granath J Carlsson M Baky A Thyselius L 2002 ORWARE A simulation tool for waste management Resources Conservation and Recycling 36 4 287 307 doi 10 1016 S0921 3449 02 00031 9 Udo de Haes H A Jolliet O Finnveden G Hauschild M Krewitt W Muller Wenk R 1999 Best available practice regarding impact categories and category indicators in life cycle impact assessment Background document for the second working group on life cycle impact assessment of SETAC Europe WIA 2 Int J LCA 4 3 167 174 Udo de Haes H Heijungs R Huppes G Van Der Voet E Hettelingh J P 2000 Full mode and attribution mode in environmental analysis Journal of Industrial Ecology 4 1 45 56 doi 10 1162 108819800569285 Harder R Holmquist H Molander S Svanstrom M Peters G M 2015 Review of Environmental Assessment Case Studies Blending Elements of Risk Assessment and Life Cycle Assessment Environmental Science amp Technology 49 22 13083 13093 Finnveden G Moberg A 2005 Environmental systems analysis tools An overview Journal of Cleaner Production 13 12 1165 1173 doi 10 1016 j jclepro 2004 06 004 Udo de Haes H Heijungs R Huppes G Van Der Voet E Hettelingh J P 2000 Full mode and attribution mode in environmental analysis Journal of Industrial Ecology 4 1 45 56 doi 10 1162 108819800569285 Baumann H Tillman A M 2004 The hitch hiker s guide to LCA An orientation in life cycle assessment methodology and application Lund Sweden Studentlitteratur ISBN 978 91 44 02364 9 Finnveden G Moberg A 2005 Environmental systems analysis tools An overview Journal of Cleaner Production 13 12 1165 1173 doi 10 1016 j jclepro 2004 06 004 Baumann H Tillman A M 2004 The hitch hiker s guide to LCA An orientation in life cycle assessment methodology and application Lund Sweden Studentlitteratur ISBN 978 91 44 02364 9 Udo de Haes H Heijungs R Huppes G Van Der Voet E Hettelingh J P 2000 Full mode and attribution mode in environmental analysis Journal of Industrial Ecology 4 1 45 56 doi 10 1162 108819800569285 Finnveden G Moberg A 2005 Environmental systems analysis tools An overview Journal of Cleaner Production 13 12 1165 1173 doi 10 1016 j jclepro 2004 06 004 Moberg A Finnveden G Johansson J Steen P 1999 Miljosystemanalytiska verktyg En introduktion med koppling till beslutssituationer Environmental systems analysis tool An introduction in relation to decision situations AFR Rapport 251 Stockholm AFN Naturvardsverket Moberg A 1999 Environmental systems analytical tools Differences and similarities including a brief case study on heat production using ecological footprint MIPS LCA and exergy analysis MSc thesis Systems Ecology Stockholm University Stockholm Wrisberg N Udo de Haes H A Triebswetter U Eder P Clift R 2002 Analytical tools for environmental design and management in a systems perspective Dordrecht Kluwer Academic Publishers Finnveden G Moberg A 2005 Environmental systems analysis tools An overview Journal of Cleaner Production 13 12 1165 1173 doi 10 1016 j jclepro 2004 06 004 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Environmental systems analysis amp oldid 1152273502, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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