Enos was brought from the Miami Rare Bird Farm on April 3, 1960. He completed more than 1,250 training hours at the University of Kentucky and Holloman Air Force Base. Training was more intense for him than for his predecessor Ham, who had become the first great ape in space in January 1961, because Enos was exposed to weightlessness and higher gs for longer periods of time. His training included psychomotor instruction and aircraft flights.[citation needed]
Enos was selected for his Project Mercury flight only three days before launch. Two months prior, NASA launched Mercury-Atlas 4 on September 13, 1961, to conduct an identical mission with a "crewman simulator" on board. Enos flew into space aboard Mercury-Atlas 5 on November 29, 1961. He completed his first orbit in 1 hour and 28.5 minutes.[2]
Enos was scheduled to complete three orbits, but the mission was aborted after two, due to two issues: capsule overheating and a malfunctioning "avoidance conditioning" test subjecting the primate to 76 electrical shocks. According to one history of primatology, "The chimpanzee, about five years old, behaved like a true hero: despite the malfunctions of the electronic system, he conscientiously performed all the tasks he had learned during the entire flight of over three hours...Enos demonstrated that he was careful to successfully complete his mission and that he perfectly understood what was expected of him."[3]
The capsule was brought aboard USS Stormes in the late afternoon and Enos was immediately taken below deck by his Air Force handlers. Stormes arrived in Bermuda the next day.[citation needed]
Enos's flight was a full dress rehearsal for the next Mercury launch on February 20, 1962, which would make John Glenn the first American to orbit Earth, after astronauts Alan Shepard, Jr. and Gus Grissom's successful suborbital space flights.
On November 4, 1962, Enos died of shigellosis-related dysentery, which was resistant to then-known antibiotics. He was constantly observed for two months before his death. Pathologists reported no symptoms that could be attributed or related to his previous space flight.
^"Operational Trouble Shortens Chimp's Ride". The Daily Advertiser. Lafayette, Louisiana. Associated Press. November 29, 1961. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
^Animals In Space: From Research Rockets to the Space Shuttle, Chris Dubbs and Colin Burgess, 2007
^Herzfeld, Chris (2017). The great apes : a short history. Kevin Frey, Jane Goodall. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 161–163. ISBN978-0-300-22137-4. OCLC 982651819.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Enos (Pan troglodytes).
Enos the Chimpanzee travels to space on NASA's Mercury Atlas 5 1960, YouTube video
"Voyage of space chimpanzee Enos ended in Bermuda" by Gail Westerfield
A film clip Chimp into space (no title), 1961/11/30 (1961) is available for viewing at the Internet Archive
A film clip documenting Enos take-off and landing is available for viewing at the Internet Archive
One Small Step: The Story of the Space Chimps, documentary on history of chimpanzees used in space travel
enos, chimpanzee, enos, born, about, 1957, died, november, 1962, second, chimpanzee, launched, into, space, nasa, first, only, chimpanzee, third, hominid, after, cosmonauts, yuri, gagarin, gherman, titov, orbit, earth, enos, flight, occurred, november, 1961, e. Enos born about 1957 died November 4 1962 was the second chimpanzee launched into space by NASA He was the first and only chimpanzee and third hominid after cosmonauts Yuri Gagarin and Gherman Titov to orbit the Earth Enos s flight occurred on November 29 1961 1 EnosEnos the only chimpanzee and third primate to orbit the EarthSpeciesChimpanzeeSexMaleBorn1957 1957 DiedNovember 4 1962 1962 11 04 aged 4 5 EmployerNASANotable roleOnly chimpanzee to achieve Earth orbitYears active1960 1962Enos being prepared for insertion into the Mercury Atlas 5 capsule in 1961 Enos space capsule during the Mercury Atlas 5 mission on display at the Museum of Life and Science in Durham North CarolinaEnos was brought from the Miami Rare Bird Farm on April 3 1960 He completed more than 1 250 training hours at the University of Kentucky and Holloman Air Force Base Training was more intense for him than for his predecessor Ham who had become the first great ape in space in January 1961 because Enos was exposed to weightlessness and higher gs for longer periods of time His training included psychomotor instruction and aircraft flights citation needed Enos was selected for his Project Mercury flight only three days before launch Two months prior NASA launched Mercury Atlas 4 on September 13 1961 to conduct an identical mission with a crewman simulator on board Enos flew into space aboard Mercury Atlas 5 on November 29 1961 He completed his first orbit in 1 hour and 28 5 minutes 2 Enos was scheduled to complete three orbits but the mission was aborted after two due to two issues capsule overheating and a malfunctioning avoidance conditioning test subjecting the primate to 76 electrical shocks According to one history of primatology The chimpanzee about five years old behaved like a true hero despite the malfunctions of the electronic system he conscientiously performed all the tasks he had learned during the entire flight of over three hours Enos demonstrated that he was careful to successfully complete his mission and that he perfectly understood what was expected of him 3 The capsule was brought aboard USS Stormes in the late afternoon and Enos was immediately taken below deck by his Air Force handlers Stormes arrived in Bermuda the next day citation needed Enos s flight was a full dress rehearsal for the next Mercury launch on February 20 1962 which would make John Glenn the first American to orbit Earth after astronauts Alan Shepard Jr and Gus Grissom s successful suborbital space flights On November 4 1962 Enos died of shigellosis related dysentery which was resistant to then known antibiotics He was constantly observed for two months before his death Pathologists reported no symptoms that could be attributed or related to his previous space flight See also EditMonkeys and apes in space Albert II first monkey and first primate in space Little Joe 2 flight with Sam Project Mercury rhesus monkey Animals in space List of individual apes One Small Step The Story of the Space Chimps 2008 documentary Felicette First cat in spaceReferences Edit Operational Trouble Shortens Chimp s Ride The Daily Advertiser Lafayette Louisiana Associated Press November 29 1961 p 1 via Newspapers com Animals In Space From Research Rockets to the Space Shuttle Chris Dubbs and Colin Burgess 2007 Herzfeld Chris 2017 The great apes a short history Kevin Frey Jane Goodall New Haven Yale University Press pp 161 163 ISBN 978 0 300 22137 4 OCLC 982651819 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Enos Pan troglodytes Enos the Chimpanzee travels to space on NASA s Mercury Atlas 5 1960 YouTube video Voyage of space chimpanzee Enos ended in Bermuda by Gail Westerfield A film clip Chimp into space no title 1961 11 30 1961 is available for viewing at the Internet Archive A film clip documenting Enos take off and landing is available for viewing at the Internet Archive One Small Step The Story of the Space Chimps documentary on history of chimpanzees used in space travel 1 Atlantic com article about electrical shocks 2 MentalFloss com on 54th anniversary of flight Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Enos chimpanzee amp oldid 1160098928, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
