An energy tax is a tax that increases the price of energy (Fisher et al., 1996, p. 416).[1] Arguments in favour of energy taxes have included the pursuit of macroeconomic objectives, e.g., fiscal deficit reduction in the 1990s, as well as environmental benefits, i.e., reduced pollution (Nellor, 1994, p. 1).[2] A weakness of energy taxes is that they impose a burden (or cost) in the form of reduced economic output and employment (p. 19).
In 1993, then President Bill Clinton proposed a BTU tax. A BTU tax is a type of energy tax (Baron, 1997, p. 14).[3] The tax would have taxed all fuel sources based on their heat content except for wind, solar, and geothermal. It was never adopted. The BTU tax passed the House, but was rejected by the Senate in light of the lobbying effort mobilized against its adoption. The rejected proposal was watered down, as the Clinton administration tried to salvage their efforts by offering to exempt manufacturers and base the tax on the cost rather than the heat content of energy.[4] Many of the House Democrats who voted for the tax and who lost their seats in the 1994 midterm election, blamed their loss on their vote for the BTU tax. Getting "BTU'd" became Beltway slang at the time for those who lost reelection by voting for the controversial proposal.[5]
Coloradoedit
On 7 November 2006, citizens of Boulder, Colorado (a city with roughly 100,000 residents situated in the foothills of the Rocky Mtns) voted in favor of initiative 202, the Boulder Climate Action Plan Tax. That marks the first time in the nation that a municipal government has imposed an energy tax directly upon its residents to combat global warming. It applies to energy consumption with deductions for carbon-neutral and renewable energy sources (such as Xcel Energy’s WindSource).
The tax appears on consumer's energy bills and is used to fund the city’s Office of Environmental Affairs that is in charge of programs designed to reduce Boulder's carbon footprint.
The CAP tax is to generate roughly $1 million annually. The City Council has the authority to increase the rates as needed. As of October 2009, the rate is assigned as follows:[6]
^Fisher, B.S.; et al. (1996). An Economic Assessment of Policy Instruments for Combating Climate Change. In: Climate Change 1995: Economic and Social Dimensions of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (J.P. Bruce et al. Eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., and New York, N.Y., U.S.A. ISBN978-0-521-56854-8.
^Nellor, D.C.L. (16 May 1994). "Energy Taxes and Macroeconomic Policy Objectives. Series: Papers on Policy Analysis and Assessment No. 94/9. Stock No: PPIEA0091994". International Monetary Fund, Fiscal Affairs Department. Retrieved 2010-04-23.
^Baron, R. (1997). "Economic/Fiscal Instruments: Taxation (i.e., Carbon/Energy). Annex I Expert Group on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Working Paper No. 4, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development" (PDF). OECD website. Retrieved 2010-04-22.
^Hilzenrath, David S. "Miscalculations, Lobby Effort Doomed Btu Tax Plan." The Washington Post (June 11, 1993).
^Nordhaus, Ted. "Getting Real on Climate Change," The American Prospect (December 1, 2008).
^. City of Boulder, Colorado (www.bouldercolorado.gov). 2009-10-15. Archived from the original on 2009-11-17. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
January 01, 1970
energy, energy, that, increases, price, energy, fisher, 1996, arguments, favour, energy, taxes, have, included, pursuit, macroeconomic, objectives, fiscal, deficit, reduction, 1990s, well, environmental, benefits, reduced, pollution, nellor, 1994, weakness, en. An energy tax is a tax that increases the price of energy Fisher et al 1996 p 416 1 Arguments in favour of energy taxes have included the pursuit of macroeconomic objectives e g fiscal deficit reduction in the 1990s as well as environmental benefits i e reduced pollution Nellor 1994 p 1 2 A weakness of energy taxes is that they impose a burden or cost in the form of reduced economic output and employment p 19 Contents 1 United States 1 1 Colorado 2 See also 3 ReferencesUnited States editIn 1993 then President Bill Clinton proposed a BTU tax A BTU tax is a type of energy tax Baron 1997 p 14 3 The tax would have taxed all fuel sources based on their heat content except for wind solar and geothermal It was never adopted The BTU tax passed the House but was rejected by the Senate in light of the lobbying effort mobilized against its adoption The rejected proposal was watered down as the Clinton administration tried to salvage their efforts by offering to exempt manufacturers and base the tax on the cost rather than the heat content of energy 4 Many of the House Democrats who voted for the tax and who lost their seats in the 1994 midterm election blamed their loss on their vote for the BTU tax Getting BTU d became Beltway slang at the time for those who lost reelection by voting for the controversial proposal 5 Colorado edit On 7 November 2006 citizens of Boulder Colorado a city with roughly 100 000 residents situated in the foothills of the Rocky Mtns voted in favor of initiative 202 the Boulder Climate Action Plan Tax That marks the first time in the nation that a municipal government has imposed an energy tax directly upon its residents to combat global warming It applies to energy consumption with deductions for carbon neutral and renewable energy sources such as Xcel Energy s WindSource The tax appears on consumer s energy bills and is used to fund the city s Office of Environmental Affairs that is in charge of programs designed to reduce Boulder s carbon footprint The CAP tax is to generate roughly 1 million annually The City Council has the authority to increase the rates as needed As of October 2009 the rate is assigned as follows 6 Electricity User Type Tax Rate Average Annual Tax Residential 0 0049 kWh 21 Commercial 0 0009 kWh 94 Industrial 0 0003 kWh 9 600See also editCarbon fee and dividend Carbon tax Ecotax Energy Tax Act of 1978 Energy Policy Act of 2005 Fuel economy in automobiles H R 1424References edit Fisher B S et al 1996 An Economic Assessment of Policy Instruments for Combating Climate Change In Climate Change 1995 Economic and Social Dimensions of Climate Change Contribution of Working Group III to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change J P Bruceet al Eds Cambridge University Press Cambridge U K and New York N Y U S A ISBN 978 0 521 56854 8 Nellor D C L 16 May 1994 Energy Taxes and Macroeconomic Policy Objectives Series Papers on Policy Analysis and Assessment No 94 9 Stock No PPIEA0091994 International Monetary Fund Fiscal Affairs Department Retrieved 2010 04 23 Baron R 1997 Economic Fiscal Instruments Taxation i e Carbon Energy Annex I Expert Group on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Working Paper No 4 Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development PDF OECD website Retrieved 2010 04 22 Hilzenrath David S Miscalculations Lobby Effort Doomed Btu Tax Plan The Washington Post June 11 1993 Nordhaus Ted Getting Real on Climate Change The American Prospect December 1 2008 Climate Action Plan Tax City of Boulder Colorado www bouldercolorado gov 2009 10 15 Archived from the original on 2009 11 17 Retrieved 2010 01 28 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Energy tax amp oldid 1181224916, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
