Emphasis mark

The emphasis mark^[1] or emphasis dot^[2] is a typographic marking used in some East Asian languages to indicate emphasis. The markings takes in many forms like, a dot or a bullet, a circle, or a triangle. It was used more traditionally, but nowadays, with technology, quotations or changing of font style prevails.^[1]

In Chinese

 

An example of emphasis mark used in traditional vertical style writing.

An example of emphasis mark used in traditional horizontal style writing.

事業是幹出來的，不是吹出來的。 看來，他彷佛用一千隻眼睛瞧著。

In China and Hong Kong, the emphasis mark (Chinese: 着重号) is used in textbooks and teaching materials. It is centred under each character highlighted in the horizontal texts, and centred to the right of each character in the vertical texts.

In Japanese

ここを強調

In Japan, the emphasis mark (傍点 bōten or 圏点 kenten) is usually a dot or a sesame dot and is centred above each character in the horizontal texts and to the right of each character in the vertical texts.

It is not unusual for kenten and ruby to concur on the same side of the main text (usually above or to the right), but this feature has not been possible with CSS.

In Korean

In South Korea, the emphasis mark (드러냄표 deureonaempyo) usually rules as a dot or circle centred above the characters in the horizontal texts and to the right of the characters in the vertical texts.

Examples:

• using the CSS text-emphasis property:

  한글의 본 이름은 훈민정음이다.

  중요한 것은 왜 사느냐가 아니라 어떻게 사느냐 하는 문제이다.

• using positioned characters: :

  한글의 본 이름은 •훈•민•정•음이다.

  중요한 것은 ◦왜 ◦사◦느◦냐◦가 아니라 ◦어◦떻◦게 ◦사◦느◦냐 하는 문제이다.

Characters

Apart from any single character, the following characters are used as emphasis marks in some implementations.^[3]

Glyph	Unicode codepoint	Unicode name	Value for the CSS text-emphasis-style property	Name used in Adobe InDesign
•	U+2022	bullet	dot, filled, filled dot	small black circle
◦	U+25E6	white bullet	open, open dot	small white circle
●	U+25CF	black circle	circle, filled circle	black circle
○	U+25CB	white circle	open circle	white circle
◉	U+25C9	fisheye	double-circle, filled double-circle	fisheye
◎	U+25CE	bullseye	open double-circle	bullseye
▲	U+25B2	black up-pointing triangle	filled triangle, triangle	black triangle
△	U+25B3	white up-pointing triangle	open triangle	white triangle
﹅	U+FE45	sesame dot	filled sesame, sesame	black sesame
﹆	U+FE46	white sesame dot	open sesame	white sesame

See also

• Chinese punctuation
• Japanese punctuation
• Korean punctuation

References

1. CSS Working Group (2022-05-05) [1999-01-27]. Etemad, Elika J.; Ishii, Koji (eds.). CSS Text Decoration Module Level 3 (Technical report). World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 2024-01-24. |version=Candidate Recommendation Draft, 5 May 2022}}
2. Japanese Layout Task Force (2012). Requirements for Japanese Text Layout. W3C. jlreq.
3. "text-emphasis". MDN Web Docs. Retrieved 2021-04-08.

• Lunde, Ken (2009) [1999]. CJKV Information Processing. O'Reilly. ISBN 978-0-596-51447-1.
• (in Korean). Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. 1988. Archived from the original on 2014-02-21. Retrieved 2019-03-28.
• (in Korean). Archived from the original on 2014-02-01. Retrieved 2019-03-28.