For the Korean language, South Korea mainly uses a combination of East Asian and European punctuation, while North Korea uses a little more of the East Asian punctuation style.
In the traditional Korean system of writing, which was largely based on the Chinese writing system, punctuation was primarily used to make corrections or to help with the understanding of hanja, or Chinese characters.[1] Some of the corrective punctuation marks included (◦) called 끼움표, which was used for inserting, and (▯) called 삭제부 which was used for deleting.[1] The traditional writing system known as gugyeol, used punctuation to interpret Chinese characters in a way Korean speakers could understand.[2][3] One of the marks used in gugyeol was a dot (•) called 역독점, which was used to indicate reading order.[1] The conclusion of an idea or thought was indicated by starting a new line of characters from the top, as opposed to the western style punctuation of periods and commas which had not been introduced yet.[4]
Modern punctuationEdit
The modern Korean punctuation system is largely based on European punctuation, with the use of periods (마침표), commas (쉼표), and question marks (물음표).[4][1] Modern Korean is typically written horizontally using European punctuation. However, when it is written vertically, Korean writing tends to follow East Asian punctuation which includes 고리점(。) as a period, 모점(、) as a comma, and 겹낫표(『』) as quotation marks.[1]
Differences from European punctuationEdit
Although commas are also used, especially in a digital environment due to the ease of typing, the interpunct (·) is used for short in-line lists: "사과·배·복숭아·수박은 모두 과일이다." Translation: "Apples, pears, peaches, and watermelons are all fruits."
Although the correct way to quote[according to whom?] is to use double quotation marks in South Korea, and guillemets in North Korea, fullwidth quotes such as 『...』 or 「...」 are mostly used when it is written in vertical writing, for effective expression, or just to replace European quotation marks.
Many ancient Korean books contain thousands of words with no spaces between them, but when explicitly denoting a pause or break was necessary, judou marks such as "。" and "、" were used.
Since Korean is agglutinative, the rules regarding parentheses and spacing are different from European ones. For example, in the sentence "사과(沙果)는 과일이다", inserting a space in between other letters and the parentheses will be an error, as 는 marks 사과 (apple) as the topic and is not a separate word.
The wave dash (~) is used to mark ranges in numbers: 1~10 (일에서 십, one to ten). However, normal dash is also permitted.
The tilde may also be used to indicate a long or drawn-out vowel (그렇구나~ or 랄랄라~), usually for comic or cute effect.
Certain European punctuation marks, like the apostrophe, colon/semi-colon, and dash are not typically used in written Korean.[5]
North-South differencesEdit
In the North, guillemets《 and 》 are the symbols used for quotes; in the South, quotation marks are equivalent to the English ones. 『 』 and 「 」, are standard, although “, ”, “, and ” are commonly used.
^ abcdeLee, Jeon Kyung (2014-12-31). "The Korean Punctuation Systems". Acta Linguistica Asiatica. 4 (1): 29–41. doi:10.4312/ala.4.1.29-41. ISSN 2232-3317.
^Yoon, S. T. (2010). "The creation of idu". Korea Journal. 50 (2): 97–123. doi:10.25024/kj.2010.50.2.97 – via the academy of korean studies.
^Chung, J. Y. (2010). "The Use of Chinese Characters in Ancient Korea: With a Focus on Texts Transcribed with Chinese-Borrowed Characters". Korea Journal. 50 (2): 35–71. doi:10.25024/kj.2010.50.2.35.
^ abAnderson, Paul S. (November 1948). "Korean Language Reform". The Modern Language Journal. 32 (7): 508–511. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.1948.tb05918.x.
^Lee, Y. O. (2010). "How Is the English Dash to Be Translated into Korean?: Problems of Translation between SOV Language and SVO Language". Translational Studies. 11 (2): 173–202. doi:10.15749/jts.2010.11.2.008 – via Korea Open Access Journals.
Lee, J. K. (2014). The korean punctuation systems. Acta Linguistica Asiatica, 4(1), 29–41. https://doi.org/10.4312/ala.4.1.29-41
Lim H. J., Zhu X. (2021). A study on the asymmetry of korean-chinese punctuation marks for korean translation education - focusing on comma (,) and period (.). The Language and Culture, 17(1), 179-210. 10.18842/klaces.2021.17.1.008
Anderson, P. S. (1948). Korean language reform. The Modern Language Journal, 32(7), 508–511. https://doi.org/10.2307/318420
Lee Y. O. (2010). How is the english dash to be translated into korean?. Translational Studies, 11(2), 173-202. 10.15749/jts.2010.11.2.008
Yoon, S. T. (2010). The creation of idu. Korea Journal, 50(2), 97–123. https://doi.org/10.25024/kj.2010.50.2.97
External linksEdit
Guidelines from the National Institute of the Korean Language, Republic of Korea. (in Korean)
October 23, 2023
korean, punctuation, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, september, 2017, learn, when, remove, this, template, mes. This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations September 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message For the Korean language South Korea mainly uses a combination of East Asian and European punctuation while North Korea uses a little more of the East Asian punctuation style Contents 1 Traditional punctuation 2 Modern punctuation 3 Differences from European punctuation 4 North South differences 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksTraditional punctuation EditIn the traditional Korean system of writing which was largely based on the Chinese writing system punctuation was primarily used to make corrections or to help with the understanding of hanja or Chinese characters 1 Some of the corrective punctuation marks included called 끼움표 which was used for inserting and called 삭제부 which was used for deleting 1 The traditional writing system known as gugyeol used punctuation to interpret Chinese characters in a way Korean speakers could understand 2 3 One of the marks used in gugyeol was a dot called 역독점 which was used to indicate reading order 1 The conclusion of an idea or thought was indicated by starting a new line of characters from the top as opposed to the western style punctuation of periods and commas which had not been introduced yet 4 Modern punctuation EditThe modern Korean punctuation system is largely based on European punctuation with the use of periods 마침표 commas 쉼표 and question marks 물음표 4 1 Modern Korean is typically written horizontally using European punctuation However when it is written vertically Korean writing tends to follow East Asian punctuation which includes 고리점 as a period 모점 as a comma and 겹낫표 as quotation marks 1 Differences from European punctuation EditAlthough commas are also used especially in a digital environment due to the ease of typing the interpunct is used for short in line lists 사과 배 복숭아 수박은 모두 과일이다 Translation Apples pears peaches and watermelons are all fruits Although the correct way to quote according to whom is to use double quotation marks in South Korea and guillemets in North Korea fullwidth quotes such as or are mostly used when it is written in vertical writing for effective expression or just to replace European quotation marks Many ancient Korean books contain thousands of words with no spaces between them but when explicitly denoting a pause or break was necessary judou marks such as and were used Since Korean is agglutinative the rules regarding parentheses and spacing are different from European ones For example in the sentence 사과 沙果 는 과일이다 inserting a space in between other letters and the parentheses will be an error as 는 marks 사과 apple as the topic and is not a separate word The wave dash is used to mark ranges in numbers 1 10 일에서 십 one to ten However normal dash is also permitted The tilde may also be used to indicate a long or drawn out vowel 그렇구나 or 랄랄라 usually for comic or cute effect Certain European punctuation marks like the apostrophe colon semi colon and dash are not typically used in written Korean 5 North South differences EditIn the North guillemets and are the symbols used for quotes in the South quotation marks are equivalent to the English ones and are standard although and are commonly used See also EditChinese punctuation Japanese punctuationReferences Edit a b c d e Lee Jeon Kyung 2014 12 31 The Korean Punctuation Systems Acta Linguistica Asiatica 4 1 29 41 doi 10 4312 ala 4 1 29 41 ISSN 2232 3317 Yoon S T 2010 The creation of idu Korea Journal 50 2 97 123 doi 10 25024 kj 2010 50 2 97 via the academy of korean studies Chung J Y 2010 The Use of Chinese Characters in Ancient Korea With a Focus on Texts Transcribed with Chinese Borrowed Characters Korea Journal 50 2 35 71 doi 10 25024 kj 2010 50 2 35 a b Anderson Paul S November 1948 Korean Language Reform The Modern Language Journal 32 7 508 511 doi 10 1111 j 1540 4781 1948 tb05918 x Lee Y O 2010 How Is the English Dash to Be Translated into Korean Problems of Translation between SOV Language and SVO Language Translational Studies 11 2 173 202 doi 10 15749 jts 2010 11 2 008 via Korea Open Access Journals Lee J K 2014 The korean punctuation systems Acta Linguistica Asiatica 4 1 29 41 https doi org 10 4312 ala 4 1 29 41 Lim H J Zhu X 2021 A study on the asymmetry of korean chinese punctuation marks for korean translation education focusing on comma and period The Language and Culture 17 1 179 210 10 18842 klaces 2021 17 1 008 Anderson P S 1948 Korean language reform The Modern Language Journal 32 7 508 511 https doi org 10 2307 318420 Lee Y O 2010 How is the english dash to be translated into korean Translational Studies 11 2 173 202 10 15749 jts 2010 11 2 008 Yoon S T 2010 The creation of idu Korea Journal 50 2 97 123 https doi org 10 25024 kj 2010 50 2 97External links EditGuidelines from the National Institute of the Korean Language Republic of Korea in Korean Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Korean punctuation amp oldid 1171471619, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
