Zhao Bing (12 February 1272 – 19 March 1279), also known as Emperor Bing of Song or Bing, Emperor of Song (宋帝昺),[note 1] was the 18th and last emperor of the Song dynasty of China, who ruled as a minor between 6 and 7 years of age.
He was also the ninth and last emperor of the Southern Song dynasty. He reigned for around 313 days in 1278 and 1279. His reign, and the Song dynasty, ended with the Song's total defeat by the Yuan dynasty at the naval Battle of Yamen.
Zhao Bing and his entourage had been observing the naval combat from some coastal cliffs nearby. As the victorious enemy approached, Lu Xiufu seized the emperor and leaped from the clifftops, killing them both.
Zhao Bing was the seventh son of Zhao Qi (Emperor Duzong). His mother was Lady Yu (俞氏), a concubine of Emperor Duzong who held the rank of xiurong (修容). He was a younger half-brother of his predecessors, Zhao Xian (Emperor Gong) (r. 1275–1276) and Zhao Shi (Emperor Duanzong) (r. 1276–1278). He was enfeoffed as the "Prince of Xin" (信王) in 1274. His title was later changed to "Prince of Guang" (廣王).
On 4 February 1276, the Song capital, Lin'an (臨安; present-day Hangzhou), was conquered by forces of the Mongol-led Yuan regime commanded by the general Bayan. Emperor Gong surrendered to the Mongols, but his two brothers, Zhao Shi and Zhao Bing, managed to escape to Southern China with the help of officials such as Yang Liangjie [zh] (楊亮節), Lu Xiufu, Zhang Shijie, Chen Yizhong and Wen Tianxiang. They arrived in Jinhua, where Zhao Shi was appointed as Grand Marshal (天下兵馬都元帥) and Zhao Bing was appointed as Vice Grand Marshal (副元帥). Zhao Bing's title was also changed to "Prince of Wei" (衛王). On 14 June 1276, a seven-year-old Zhao Shi was enthroned in Fuzhou as the new emperor; he is historically known as Emperor Duanzong.
The Mongol general Bayan was bent on eliminating the threat posed by Song remnants, so he led his troops in pursuit and attacked southern China. After Emperor Duanzong died of illness in 1278, the Song forces' morale started to dwindle and soldiers began to desert the army. Lu Xiufu brought Zhao Bing to Meiwei (梅蔚), Gangzhou (碙州), which is in present-day Mui Wo, Lantau Island, Hong Kong. There, Zhao Bing was enthroned as the new emperor under the era name "Xiangxing" (祥興); Gangzhou was also renamed "Xianglong County" (祥龍縣). They moved to Yamen (in present-day Xinhui District, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province) to evade the Mongols.
ReignEdit
The Mongols sent the general Zhang Hongfan to lead troops to attack Zhao Bing and the Song remnants, leading to the Battle of Yamen. The Song forces, led by Zhang Shijie, put up fierce resistance against the Mongols in a naval battle but were eventually all wiped out by the enemy. On 19 March 1279, after realising all was lost, Lu Xiufu carried the seven-year-old Emperor Zhao Bing to a cliff, where they committed suicide by throwing themselves into the sea.[1] Zhao Bing's death marked the end of the Song dynasty.
Zhao Bing's tomb is located in present-day Chiwan, Nanshan District, Shenzhen.[2] The grave was rediscovered in the 1960s, and despite the identity of the body interred within not being authenticated, in 1984 a joint Hong Kong-Shenzhen effort was made to restore and expand the modest gravesite.[3]
According to the locals at the Guangdong Province,[4] prior to the final battle with the Yuan forces at Yamen, Zhao Bing and the Song remnants sought shelter in a monastery at Chaozhou. The monastery's monks served an impromptu leafy greens soup made of leaf vegetable, edible mushrooms, and vegetable broth. The emperor loved the soup and named it "Protect the Country Dish" (護國菜).[5] A later generation named it in English "Patriotic Soup". After Zhao Bing died, the preparation of the soup became a way to honor the last Song emperor.
^David C. Wright (2012). David Andrew Graff; Robin D. S. Higham (eds.). A Military History of China. University Press of Kentucky. p. 73. ISBN978-0-8131-3584-7.
^"Song Shao Di Mu, Tomb of the Last Song Emperor"..
^"Last emperor: is Shenzhen the resting place of final Song ruler?". South China Morning Post. 7 November 2019. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
^Fang Xiaolan; Chen Jilin (2012). Traditional Chaozhou Cuisine (in Chinese). Hong Kong: Wan Li Book Co. Ltd. pp. 90–91. ISBN9789621446237.
zhao, bing, this, chinese, name, family, name, zhao, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspaper. In this Chinese name the family name is Zhao This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Zhao Bing news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message Zhao Bing 12 February 1272 19 March 1279 also known as Emperor Bing of Song or Bing Emperor of Song 宋帝昺 note 1 was the 18th and last emperor of the Song dynasty of China who ruled as a minor between 6 and 7 years of age Zhao Bing 趙昺Emperor of the Song dynastyReign10 May 1278 19 March 1279Coronation10 May 1278PredecessorEmperor DuanzongSuccessorKublai Khan Yuan dynasty BornZhao Bing1272Lin an Song Empire present day Hangzhou Zhejiang China Died19 March 1279 aged 7 Yamen Guangnan East Circuit Song Empire present day Xinhui Guangdong China BurialSong Shaodi s Tomb 宋少帝陵 in present day Chiwan Shenzhen Guangdong Era datesXiangxing 祥興 1278 1279 Temple nameHuaizong 懷宗 unofficially HouseZhaoDynastySong Southern Song FatherEmperor DuzongMotherLady YuZhao BingTraditional Chinese趙昺Simplified Chinese赵昺Literal meaning Glorious Zhao TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinZhao BǐngEmperor Bing of SongChinese宋帝昺TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinSong Di BǐngHe was also the ninth and last emperor of the Southern Song dynasty He reigned for around 313 days in 1278 and 1279 His reign and the Song dynasty ended with the Song s total defeat by the Yuan dynasty at the naval Battle of Yamen Zhao Bing and his entourage had been observing the naval combat from some coastal cliffs nearby As the victorious enemy approached Lu Xiufu seized the emperor and leaped from the clifftops killing them both Contents 1 Early life 2 Reign 2 1 Patriotic Soup 3 Ancestry 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 6 1 Citations 6 2 SourcesEarly life EditZhao Bing was the seventh son of Zhao Qi Emperor Duzong His mother was Lady Yu 俞氏 a concubine of Emperor Duzong who held the rank of xiurong 修容 He was a younger half brother of his predecessors Zhao Xian Emperor Gong r 1275 1276 and Zhao Shi Emperor Duanzong r 1276 1278 He was enfeoffed as the Prince of Xin 信王 in 1274 His title was later changed to Prince of Guang 廣王 On 4 February 1276 the Song capital Lin an 臨安 present day Hangzhou was conquered by forces of the Mongol led Yuan regime commanded by the general Bayan Emperor Gong surrendered to the Mongols but his two brothers Zhao Shi and Zhao Bing managed to escape to Southern China with the help of officials such as Yang Liangjie zh 楊亮節 Lu Xiufu Zhang Shijie Chen Yizhong and Wen Tianxiang They arrived in Jinhua where Zhao Shi was appointed as Grand Marshal 天下兵馬都元帥 and Zhao Bing was appointed as Vice Grand Marshal 副元帥 Zhao Bing s title was also changed to Prince of Wei 衛王 On 14 June 1276 a seven year old Zhao Shi was enthroned in Fuzhou as the new emperor he is historically known as Emperor Duanzong The Mongol general Bayan was bent on eliminating the threat posed by Song remnants so he led his troops in pursuit and attacked southern China After Emperor Duanzong died of illness in 1278 the Song forces morale started to dwindle and soldiers began to desert the army Lu Xiufu brought Zhao Bing to Meiwei 梅蔚 Gangzhou 碙州 which is in present day Mui Wo Lantau Island Hong Kong There Zhao Bing was enthroned as the new emperor under the era name Xiangxing 祥興 Gangzhou was also renamed Xianglong County 祥龍縣 They moved to Yamen in present day Xinhui District Jiangmen Guangdong Province to evade the Mongols Reign EditThe Mongols sent the general Zhang Hongfan to lead troops to attack Zhao Bing and the Song remnants leading to the Battle of Yamen The Song forces led by Zhang Shijie put up fierce resistance against the Mongols in a naval battle but were eventually all wiped out by the enemy On 19 March 1279 after realising all was lost Lu Xiufu carried the seven year old Emperor Zhao Bing to a cliff where they committed suicide by throwing themselves into the sea 1 Zhao Bing s death marked the end of the Song dynasty nbsp Tomb of Zhao Bing in ChiwanZhao Bing s tomb is located in present day Chiwan Nanshan District Shenzhen 2 The grave was rediscovered in the 1960s and despite the identity of the body interred within not being authenticated in 1984 a joint Hong Kong Shenzhen effort was made to restore and expand the modest gravesite 3 Patriotic Soup Edit Main article Patriotic soup nbsp Patriotic soup According to the locals at the Guangdong Province 4 prior to the final battle with the Yuan forces at Yamen Zhao Bing and the Song remnants sought shelter in a monastery at Chaozhou The monastery s monks served an impromptu leafy greens soup made of leaf vegetable edible mushrooms and vegetable broth The emperor loved the soup and named it Protect the Country Dish 護國菜 5 A later generation named it in English Patriotic Soup After Zhao Bing died the preparation of the soup became a way to honor the last Song emperor Ancestry EditZhao ShiyiZhao XiluLady ShiZhao Yurui 1207 1287 Quan DajieLady QuanLady WangEmperor Duzong of Song 1240 1274 Huang DingxiZhao Bing 1272 1279 Lady YuSee also EditChinese emperors family tree middle List of emperors of the Song dynasty Architecture of the Song dynasty Culture of the Song dynasty Economy of the Song dynasty History of the Song dynasty Society of the Song dynasty Technology of the Song dynasty Sung Wong ToiNotes Edit Note that the Bing refers to the emperor s personal given name It is not a temple name usually ending with zu or zong unlike other Song emperors such as Emperor Duanzong Emperor Duzong Emperor Taizu etc References EditCitations Edit David C Wright 2012 David Andrew Graff Robin D S Higham eds A Military History of China University Press of Kentucky p 73 ISBN 978 0 8131 3584 7 Song Shao Di Mu Tomb of the Last Song Emperor Last emperor is Shenzhen the resting place of final Song ruler South China Morning Post 7 November 2019 Retrieved 29 September 2020 Fang Xiaolan Chen Jilin 2012 Traditional Chaozhou Cuisine in Chinese Hong Kong Wan Li Book Co Ltd pp 90 91 ISBN 9789621446237 Nanyuan Restaurant Authentic GD Cuisine Nanyuan Restaurant Authentic GD Cuisine Others www newsgd com Retrieved 1 January 2018 Sources Edit Toqto a ed 1343 宋史 History of Song in Classical Chinese Vol 47 Zhao BingHouse of Zhao 960 1279 Born 1271 Died 1279Regnal titlesPreceded byDuanzong Emperor of the Song dynasty1278 1279 Song dynasty ended Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Zhao Bing amp oldid 1178022926, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
