fbpx
Wikipedia

Émile Fayolle

Marie Émile Fayolle (14 May 1852 – 27 August 1928) was a French general during World War I and a diplomat, elevated to the dignity of Marshal of France.

Émile Fayolle
Member of the Superior War Council
Personal details
Born(1852-05-14)14 May 1852
Le Puy-en-Velay, Haute-Loire, French Empire
Died27 August 1928(1928-08-27) (aged 76)
Paris, French Republic
NationalityFrench
Alma materÉcole polytechnique
Military service
Allegiance Third Republic
Branch/serviceFrench Army
Years of service1873 – 1919
RankDivision general[a]
Commands
Battles/warsWorld War I

Early life edit

Marie Émile Fayolle was born on May 14, 1852, in Puy-en-Velay, at 9 rue du Chenebouterie, a road renamed in 1961 "rue du Maréchal-Fayolle". He is the first of six children born from the marriage of Jean Pierre Auguste Fayolle, lacemaker in Le Puy, and his wife Marie Rosine Badiou.

He married in 1883 to Marie Louise Augustine Collangettes, in Clermont-Ferrand, and had two children. He is the grandfather of the pilot Émile Fayolle and the great-grandfather of Anne Pingeotb, mother of Mazarine Pingeot.

Fayolle studied at the École polytechnique from 1873, where he graduated with the class of 1875 and was commissioned into the artillery.[1][2]

Military career edit

During his career he served in the artillery. He participated in the Pacification of Tunisia in 1881.[1] Promoted to Captain he entered the École de Guerre in 1889 and graduated with distinction in 1891.[1] From 1897 to 1908 he taught artillery at the École supérieure de Guerre. Fayolle was promoted to Brigadier General on December 31, 1910, taking command of the artillery of the 12th Army Corps. Two years later he took command of the 19th Artillery Brigade. He retired on May 14, 1914.

With the outbreak of the First World War, Fayolle was recalled from retirement by the French Commander-in-Chief Joseph Joffre and given command of the 70th Infantry Division.[1] Fayolle took part in the fighting near Nancy, notably the Battle of Grand Couronné, which helped make possible the French victory at the First Battle of the Marne.[1] Later, Philippe Pétain took command of the Corps in which Fayolle was serving, and the two commanders became close.

In May 1915, Fayolle succeeded Pétain in command of the 33rd Corps. In this command he participated in the Artois Offensive.[1]

In 1916, Fayolle was given command of the Sixth Army, which he commanded at the Battle of the Somme, under the command of Ferdinand Foch's Northern Army Group. In preparation for the Somme offensive, the French Sixth Army under Fayolle would attack with 8 divisions, a force reduced from the original 40 divisions because of the French needs at Verdun.[3] During the offensive, Fayolle is credited with successfully using a combination of artillery resources and infantry tactics to push the less well-defended Germans back across an 8-mile (12.87 km) long segment of his front.[4] In August, as the Battle of the Somme continued, General Foch, commander of French forces on the Somme, visited British General Haig at Val Vion. Foch appointed Fayolle, one of the most successful army commanders of July, to fight alongside the British forces between their right flank and the north bank of the River Somme.[5] During the British and French Somme offensive from August 1 to September 12, Fayolle decided without consulting the high command that his troops were too exhausted to launch a major offensive. He then reduced his command's participation in the battle to 1 division. The British had lost significant French support on their right during the offensive.[6] In October, French forces led by Fayolle advanced almost to Sailly Saillisol by successfully using the artillery-barrage system.[7]

On 31 December 1916, Fayolle was transferred to command the First Army.[1] When Philippe Pétain was appointed Chief of the General Staff in April 1917, Fayolle was put in command of the Army Group Center, to the disappointment of Foch, who had hoped for the command himself; Pétain replaced Nivelle as Commander-in-Chief in May 1917.

On 16 November 1917, after the Italians met disaster at Caporetto, Fayolle was transferred to Italy with six divisions and made Commander-in-Chief of the French troops supporting the Italians.

 
Marshal Fayolle awards the flag of the Canadian Royal 22nd Regiment on the Plains of Abraham in Quebec City, Canada. Fayolle had been sent to Canada on a gratitude mission for Canada's assistance during the First World War.

Fayolle stayed in Italy until March 1918, when he was recalled to France and put at the head of the 55 division-strong Army Group Reserve, with which he played a role in stopping the last significant German offensives. After the allied victory in the Second Battle of the Marne, he took part in the allied counteroffensive until the end of the war. From July until November Fayolle's command reduced the Marne Salient and drove towards the Rhine. He commanded occupation forces in the Palatinat and Rheinhessen, occupying Mainz and the left bank of the Rhine with Charles Mangin, from December 14, 1918. He was also a member of the Allied Control Commission.

Marshal of France edit

Fayolle was named in 1920 a member of the French Conseil Supérieur de la Guerre, the highest French military council,[8] and served as inspector general of aeronautics from 1921 to 1924. The title of Marshal of France was awarded to him on February 19, 1921.[1]

He was charged with leading a mission of gratitude to Canada for the country's aid during the war and presented the Canadian government with a bronze bust called La France, made by the sculptor Auguste Rodin. Fayolle also undertook diplomatic missions to Italy.[1]

Quote edit

"For every position there must be a battle, following each other as rapidly as possible. Each one needs a new plan, a new artillery preparation. If one goes too quickly, one risks being checked; too slowly and the enemy has time to make more positions. That is the problem, and it is serious." (21 January 1916)

Legacy edit

He also has a statue in front of the Les Invalides. Émile Fayolle died in Paris on August 27, 1928, at 18 avenue de La Bourdonnais. His body rests in the governors' vault at Les Invalides.

During the War, Émile Fayolle had kept a diary, published by Plon in 1964 under the title Cahiers secrets de la Grande Guerre and republished digitally in December 2013; it provides deep insight into French strategic thinking at the time.

Honours and decorations edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Marshal of France is a dignity and not a rank.

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Tucker, Spencer (2014). World War I: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection. ABC-CLIO. pp. 555, 556. ISBN 978-1-85109-965-8. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  2. ^ "Bibliotheque de l'École polytechnique - Accueil site de la Bibliotheque".
  3. ^ Gilbert, Martin (2006). The Somme: Heroism and Horror in the First World War. New York: Henry Holt and Company. p. 49. ISBN 0-8050-8127-5.
  4. ^ Gilbert, Martin (2006). The Somme: Heroism and Horror in the First World War. New York: Henry Holt and Company. p. 86. ISBN 0-8050-8127-5.
  5. ^ Gilbert, Martin (2006). The Somme: Heroism and Horror in the First World War. New York: Henry Holt and Company. p. 144. ISBN 0-8050-8127-5.
  6. ^ Prior, Wilson, Robin, Trevor (2005). The Somme. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. p. 164. ISBN 0-300-11963-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ Gilbert, Martin (2006). The Somme: Heroism and Horror in the First World War. New York: Henry Holt and Company. p. 209. ISBN 0-8050-8127-5.
  8. ^ Government of the French Republic (5 July 1920). "Decree of the Minister of War". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 23 September 2020.

General references edit

  • Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). "Fayolle, Marie-Emile" . Encyclopædia Britannica (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.
  • "Fayolle, Emile" in Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 2014.

Further reading edit

  • Auclair, Elie J. Pau, Fayolle, Foch au Canada. Montreal: Librarie Beauchamin, Itee., 1922. OCLC 317295480
  • Burg, David F. and L. Edward Purcell. Almanac of World War I. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 1998. ISBN 0-8131-2072-1 OCLC 39210195
  • Mosier, John. The Myth of the Great War: A New Military History of World War I. New York: HarperCollins, 2001. ISBN 0-06-019676-9 OCLC 44932295
  • Rawson, Andrew. The Somme Campaign. Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Pen & Sword Military, 2014. ISBN 1-78303-051-8 OCLC 883432383
  • Tucker, Spencer and Priscilla Mary Roberts. World War I: Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2005. ISBN 1-85109-420-2 OCLC 61247250

External links edit

  • Newsreel of the British Pathé: visit of President Poincaré with Generals Joffre and Fayolle
  • Biography on biographies.net
  • Biography on firstworldwar.com
  • Biography on theodora.com
  • Battles of the Somme
  • Newspaper clippings about Émile Fayolle in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW

Émile, fayolle, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, december, 2. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Emile Fayolle news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2009 template removal help Marie Emile Fayolle 14 May 1852 27 August 1928 was a French general during World War I and a diplomat elevated to the dignity of Marshal of France MarshalEmile FayolleMember of the Superior War CouncilPersonal detailsBorn 1852 05 14 14 May 1852Le Puy en Velay Haute Loire French EmpireDied27 August 1928 1928 08 27 aged 76 Paris French RepublicNationalityFrenchAlma materEcole polytechniqueMilitary serviceAllegianceThird RepublicBranch serviceFrench Army ArtilleryYears of service1873 1919RankDivision general a Commands4th Army 6th Army 1st Army Army Group ReserveBattles warsWorld War I Contents 1 Early life 2 Military career 3 Marshal of France 4 Quote 5 Legacy 6 Honours and decorations 7 Notes 8 References 8 1 General references 8 2 Further reading 9 External linksEarly life editMarie Emile Fayolle was born on May 14 1852 in Puy en Velay at 9 rue du Chenebouterie a road renamed in 1961 rue du Marechal Fayolle He is the first of six children born from the marriage of Jean Pierre Auguste Fayolle lacemaker in Le Puy and his wife Marie Rosine Badiou He married in 1883 to Marie Louise Augustine Collangettes in Clermont Ferrand and had two children He is the grandfather of the pilot Emile Fayolle and the great grandfather of Anne Pingeotb mother of Mazarine Pingeot Fayolle studied at the Ecole polytechnique from 1873 where he graduated with the class of 1875 and was commissioned into the artillery 1 2 Military career editDuring his career he served in the artillery He participated in the Pacification of Tunisia in 1881 1 Promoted to Captain he entered the Ecole de Guerre in 1889 and graduated with distinction in 1891 1 From 1897 to 1908 he taught artillery at the Ecole superieure de Guerre Fayolle was promoted to Brigadier General on December 31 1910 taking command of the artillery of the 12th Army Corps Two years later he took command of the 19th Artillery Brigade He retired on May 14 1914 With the outbreak of the First World War Fayolle was recalled from retirement by the French Commander in Chief Joseph Joffre and given command of the 70th Infantry Division 1 Fayolle took part in the fighting near Nancy notably the Battle of Grand Couronne which helped make possible the French victory at the First Battle of the Marne 1 Later Philippe Petain took command of the Corps in which Fayolle was serving and the two commanders became close In May 1915 Fayolle succeeded Petain in command of the 33rd Corps In this command he participated in the Artois Offensive 1 In 1916 Fayolle was given command of the Sixth Army which he commanded at the Battle of the Somme under the command of Ferdinand Foch s Northern Army Group In preparation for the Somme offensive the French Sixth Army under Fayolle would attack with 8 divisions a force reduced from the original 40 divisions because of the French needs at Verdun 3 During the offensive Fayolle is credited with successfully using a combination of artillery resources and infantry tactics to push the less well defended Germans back across an 8 mile 12 87 km long segment of his front 4 In August as the Battle of the Somme continued General Foch commander of French forces on the Somme visited British General Haig at Val Vion Foch appointed Fayolle one of the most successful army commanders of July to fight alongside the British forces between their right flank and the north bank of the River Somme 5 During the British and French Somme offensive from August 1 to September 12 Fayolle decided without consulting the high command that his troops were too exhausted to launch a major offensive He then reduced his command s participation in the battle to 1 division The British had lost significant French support on their right during the offensive 6 In October French forces led by Fayolle advanced almost to Sailly Saillisol by successfully using the artillery barrage system 7 On 31 December 1916 Fayolle was transferred to command the First Army 1 When Philippe Petain was appointed Chief of the General Staff in April 1917 Fayolle was put in command of the Army Group Center to the disappointment of Foch who had hoped for the command himself Petain replaced Nivelle as Commander in Chief in May 1917 On 16 November 1917 after the Italians met disaster at Caporetto Fayolle was transferred to Italy with six divisions and made Commander in Chief of the French troops supporting the Italians nbsp Marshal Fayolle awards the flag of the Canadian Royal 22nd Regiment on the Plains of Abraham in Quebec City Canada Fayolle had been sent to Canada on a gratitude mission for Canada s assistance during the First World War Fayolle stayed in Italy until March 1918 when he was recalled to France and put at the head of the 55 division strong Army Group Reserve with which he played a role in stopping the last significant German offensives After the allied victory in the Second Battle of the Marne he took part in the allied counteroffensive until the end of the war From July until November Fayolle s command reduced the Marne Salient and drove towards the Rhine He commanded occupation forces in the Palatinat and Rheinhessen occupying Mainz and the left bank of the Rhine with Charles Mangin from December 14 1918 He was also a member of the Allied Control Commission Marshal of France editFayolle was named in 1920 a member of the French Conseil Superieur de la Guerre the highest French military council 8 and served as inspector general of aeronautics from 1921 to 1924 The title of Marshal of France was awarded to him on February 19 1921 1 He was charged with leading a mission of gratitude to Canada for the country s aid during the war and presented the Canadian government with a bronze bust called La France made by the sculptor Auguste Rodin Fayolle also undertook diplomatic missions to Italy 1 Quote edit For every position there must be a battle following each other as rapidly as possible Each one needs a new plan a new artillery preparation If one goes too quickly one risks being checked too slowly and the enemy has time to make more positions That is the problem and it is serious 21 January 1916 Legacy editHe also has a statue in front of the Les Invalides Emile Fayolle died in Paris on August 27 1928 at 18 avenue de La Bourdonnais His body rests in the governors vault at Les Invalides During the War Emile Fayolle had kept a diary published by Plon in 1964 under the title Cahiers secrets de la Grande Guerre and republished digitally in December 2013 it provides deep insight into French strategic thinking at the time Honours and decorations editLegion d honneur Knight 30 December 1890 Officer 30 December 1911 Commander 11 October 1914 Grand Officer 3 October 1916 Grand Cross 10 July 1918 Medaille militaire 21 October 1919 Croix de guerre 1914 1918 with 5 palms Distinguished Service Medal US Notes edit Marshal of France is a dignity and not a rank References edit a b c d e f g h i Tucker Spencer 2014 World War I The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection ABC CLIO pp 555 556 ISBN 978 1 85109 965 8 Retrieved 14 July 2015 Bibliotheque de l Ecole polytechnique Accueil site de la Bibliotheque Gilbert Martin 2006 The Somme Heroism and Horror in the First World War New York Henry Holt and Company p 49 ISBN 0 8050 8127 5 Gilbert Martin 2006 The Somme Heroism and Horror in the First World War New York Henry Holt and Company p 86 ISBN 0 8050 8127 5 Gilbert Martin 2006 The Somme Heroism and Horror in the First World War New York Henry Holt and Company p 144 ISBN 0 8050 8127 5 Prior Wilson Robin Trevor 2005 The Somme New Haven and London Yale University Press p 164 ISBN 0 300 11963 1 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Gilbert Martin 2006 The Somme Heroism and Horror in the First World War New York Henry Holt and Company p 209 ISBN 0 8050 8127 5 Government of the French Republic 5 July 1920 Decree of the Minister of War gallica bnf fr in French Retrieved 23 September 2020 General references edit Chisholm Hugh ed 1922 Fayolle Marie Emile Encyclopaedia Britannica 12th ed London amp New York The Encyclopaedia Britannica Company Fayolle Emile in Who Was Who Oxford University Press 2014 Further reading edit Auclair Elie J Pau Fayolle Foch au Canada Montreal Librarie Beauchamin Itee 1922 OCLC 317295480 Burg David F and L Edward Purcell Almanac of World War I Lexington KY University Press of Kentucky 1998 ISBN 0 8131 2072 1 OCLC 39210195 Mosier John The Myth of the Great War A New Military History of World War I New York HarperCollins 2001 ISBN 0 06 019676 9 OCLC 44932295 Rawson Andrew The Somme Campaign Barnsley South Yorkshire UK Pen amp Sword Military 2014 ISBN 1 78303 051 8 OCLC 883432383 Tucker Spencer and Priscilla Mary Roberts World War I Encyclopedia Santa Barbara CA ABC CLIO 2005 ISBN 1 85109 420 2 OCLC 61247250External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Emile Fayolle Newsreel of the British Pathe visit of President Poincare with Generals Joffre and Fayolle Biography on biographies net Biography on firstworldwar com Biography on theodora com Battles of the Somme Newspaper clippings about Emile Fayolle in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW Portals nbsp Biography nbsp France nbsp World War I Emile Fayolle at Wikipedia s sister projects nbsp Media from Commons nbsp Texts from Wikisource nbsp Data from Wikidata Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Emile Fayolle amp oldid 1172902896, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.