Ellis Wainwright (August 3, 1850 – November 6, 1924) was an American capitalist, brewer, art collector and socialite from St. Louis, Missouri. He was President of the St. Louis Brewing Company and Director of the St. Louis and Suburban Company.[2] He is best known for the Wainwright Building in downtown St. Louis, which was one of the first skyscrapers in the world and one of the most important office buildings of the period.
Wainwright was born on August 3, 1850, and although the family hailed from Godfrey, Illinois, he grew up in nearby St. Louis, where he also spent much of his adult life.[1][3] The son of a prominent brewer and building contractor, an English immigrant named Samuel and Catherine Dorothy, Wainwright was an important figure in railway development in the region.[4] In 1889, he consolidated his father's Wainwright Brewery Company (in which Samuel Wainwright had successfully doubled the profits)[3] with a brewing syndicate and established the St. Louis Brewing Association.[5]
Wainwright visited Europe in the summer of 1890. Meanwhile his plans for the Wainwright Building, named in his honor,[6] and designed by Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan were put into effect. It was to be built on the corner of Seventh and Chestnut streets in downtown St. Louis on a plot of land which had been purchased by his mother Catherine.[3] On November 7, 1890, a drawing by Charles K. Ramsey of how the building would look appeared in the Globe-Democrat.[1] It was a nine- or ten-storey red-terracotta cuboid structure, being 114 feet by 127 feet, and held 225 offices when completed in 1892.[1][5] On November 11, 1890, Sullivan received planning permission to build the office building which would cost over £500,000 (US$16,955,556 in 2023 dollars[7]).[1] The building was among the first skyscrapers in the world and is described as "a highly influential prototype of the modern office building" by the National Register of Historic Places.[8] Architect Frank Lloyd Wright called the Wainwright Building "the very first human expression of a tall steel office-building as Architecture."[9]
Before the building was completed, Wainwright's wife Charlotte died of peritonitis, aged just 34.[3] Wainwright commissioned Louis Sullivan to erect the great Wainwright Tomb for her within the Bellefontaine Cemetery, in which his parents and he would also later be buried.
In 1902, Wainwright was indicted for conspiracy to bribe members of the state legislature in the Suburban Railway boodle scandal and subsequently became a fugitive in Paris.[10][11] He was said to have co-signed a $75,000 bank loan for the bribe money.[4]
After over 20 years in Paris, with health failing, Wainwright returned to St. Louis and died on November 6, 1924. He is buried in the Louis Sullivan-designed Wainwright Tomb in Bellefontaine Cemetery, commissioned by Wainwright after the death of his wife;[12] it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 15, 1970 and became a St. Louis Landmark in 1971.[13] Like several other grand tombs within the cemetery, the tomb has been described as "over-the-top" and either "reflecting the atmosphere of the times", or revealing that "ego prevails regardless of the time frame" and that "wealthy businessmen and families attempted to remain as large in death as they were in life".[14] The tomb is a domed cubic building with walls of concrete covered in limestone on the exterior. On the northeast (front) side of the tomb is the entrance with a double-leafed bronze grill and double-doors. The sides of the tomb each have windows, also covered in bronze grills. The interior of the tomb has two burial slabs and a mosaic floor and ceiling. The Wainwright Tomb has been described as "the most sensitive and the most graceful of Sullivan's tombs" and as "one of Sullivan's masterpieces."[13] After Wainwright's death, an endowment was established that provided for the reconstruction or renovation of the tomb in case of earthquake or vandalism.
Referencesedit
^ abcdeHoffmann, Donald (12 January 1998). Frank Lloyd Wright, Louis Sullivan, and the skyscraper. Courier Dover Publications. pp. 22–28. ISBN978-0-486-40209-3. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
^"Warrant for E. Wainwright" (PDF). The New York Times. January 30, 1902. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
^ abcdeShepley, Carol Ferring (November 2008). Movers and Shakers, Scalawags and Suffragettes: Tales from Bellefontaine Cemetery. Missouri History Museum. p. 170. ISBN978-1-883982-65-2. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
^ abGateway heritage: quarterly journal of the Missouri Historical Society. Missouri Historical Society. 2000. pp. 14–15. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
^ abKorom, Joseph J. (August 2008). The American skyscraper, 1850–1940: a celebration of height. Branden Books. pp. 167–. ISBN978-0-8283-2188-4. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
^"Name: Wainwright Building". missouri.org. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
^1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda(PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States(PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved February 29, 2024.
^Wright, Frank Lloyd (1931). "The Tyranny of the Skyscraper". Modern Architecture. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 85.
^"Exiled Nine Years, Returns for Trial" (PDF). The New York Times. April 8, 1911. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
^Trampe, Stephen L. (December 2003). The Queen of Lace: The Story of the Continental-Life Building. Virginia Publishing. p. 217. ISBN978-1-891442-24-7. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
^. St. Louis Public Library. 2005. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
^ abNational Register of Historic Places Registration Form.
^Strait, James; Moran, Mark; Sceurman, Mark (4 November 2008). Weird Missouri: Your Travel Guide to Missouri's Local Legends and Best Kept Secrets. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 208. ISBN978-1-4027-4555-3. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
External linksedit
Media related to Ellis Wainwright at Wikimedia Commons
January 01, 1970
ellis, wainwright, august, 1850, november, 1924, american, capitalist, brewer, collector, socialite, from, louis, missouri, president, louis, brewing, company, director, louis, suburban, company, best, known, wainwright, building, downtown, louis, which, first. Ellis Wainwright August 3 1850 November 6 1924 was an American capitalist brewer art collector and socialite from St Louis Missouri He was President of the St Louis Brewing Company and Director of the St Louis and Suburban Company 2 He is best known for the Wainwright Building in downtown St Louis which was one of the first skyscrapers in the world and one of the most important office buildings of the period Ellis WainwrightBorn 1850 08 03 August 3 1850Godfrey Illinois US 1 DiedNovember 6 1924 1924 11 06 aged 74 St Louis Missouri USOccupationCapitalist Contents 1 Biography 2 Death 3 References 4 External linksBiography editWainwright was born on August 3 1850 and although the family hailed from Godfrey Illinois he grew up in nearby St Louis where he also spent much of his adult life 1 3 The son of a prominent brewer and building contractor an English immigrant named Samuel and Catherine Dorothy Wainwright was an important figure in railway development in the region 4 In 1889 he consolidated his father s Wainwright Brewery Company in which Samuel Wainwright had successfully doubled the profits 3 with a brewing syndicate and established the St Louis Brewing Association 5 nbsp Wainwright Building Wainwright visited Europe in the summer of 1890 Meanwhile his plans for the Wainwright Building named in his honor 6 and designed by Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan were put into effect It was to be built on the corner of Seventh and Chestnut streets in downtown St Louis on a plot of land which had been purchased by his mother Catherine 3 On November 7 1890 a drawing by Charles K Ramsey of how the building would look appeared in the Globe Democrat 1 It was a nine or ten storey red terracotta cuboid structure being 114 feet by 127 feet and held 225 offices when completed in 1892 1 5 On November 11 1890 Sullivan received planning permission to build the office building which would cost over 500 000 US 16 955 556 in 2023 dollars 7 1 The building was among the first skyscrapers in the world and is described as a highly influential prototype of the modern office building by the National Register of Historic Places 8 Architect Frank Lloyd Wright called the Wainwright Building the very first human expression of a tall steel office building as Architecture 9 Before the building was completed Wainwright s wife Charlotte died of peritonitis aged just 34 3 Wainwright commissioned Louis Sullivan to erect the great Wainwright Tomb for her within the Bellefontaine Cemetery in which his parents and he would also later be buried In 1902 Wainwright was indicted for conspiracy to bribe members of the state legislature in the Suburban Railway boodle scandal and subsequently became a fugitive in Paris 10 11 He was said to have co signed a 75 000 bank loan for the bribe money 4 In 1904 his name appeared in The Shame of the Cities a muckraking expose by Lincoln Steffens which gave details of Wainwright s shady dealings and other public corruption within the United States 3 Death edit nbsp Wainwright Tomb After over 20 years in Paris with health failing Wainwright returned to St Louis and died on November 6 1924 He is buried in the Louis Sullivan designed Wainwright Tomb in Bellefontaine Cemetery commissioned by Wainwright after the death of his wife 12 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 15 1970 and became a St Louis Landmark in 1971 13 Like several other grand tombs within the cemetery the tomb has been described as over the top and either reflecting the atmosphere of the times or revealing that ego prevails regardless of the time frame and that wealthy businessmen and families attempted to remain as large in death as they were in life 14 The tomb is a domed cubic building with walls of concrete covered in limestone on the exterior On the northeast front side of the tomb is the entrance with a double leafed bronze grill and double doors The sides of the tomb each have windows also covered in bronze grills The interior of the tomb has two burial slabs and a mosaic floor and ceiling The Wainwright Tomb has been described as the most sensitive and the most graceful of Sullivan s tombs and as one of Sullivan s masterpieces 13 After Wainwright s death an endowment was established that provided for the reconstruction or renovation of the tomb in case of earthquake or vandalism References edit a b c d e Hoffmann Donald 12 January 1998 Frank Lloyd Wright Louis Sullivan and the skyscraper Courier Dover Publications pp 22 28 ISBN 978 0 486 40209 3 Retrieved 25 March 2011 Warrant for E Wainwright PDF The New York Times January 30 1902 Retrieved 25 March 2011 a b c d e Shepley Carol Ferring November 2008 Movers and Shakers Scalawags and Suffragettes Tales from Bellefontaine Cemetery Missouri History Museum p 170 ISBN 978 1 883982 65 2 Retrieved 25 March 2011 a b Gateway heritage quarterly journal of the Missouri Historical Society Missouri Historical Society 2000 pp 14 15 Retrieved 25 March 2011 a b Korom Joseph J August 2008 The American skyscraper 1850 1940 a celebration of height Branden Books pp 167 ISBN 978 0 8283 2188 4 Retrieved 25 March 2011 Name Wainwright Building missouri org Retrieved 25 March 2011 1634 1699 McCusker J J 1997 How Much Is That in Real Money A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States Addenda et Corrigenda PDF American Antiquarian Society 1700 1799 McCusker J J 1992 How Much Is That in Real Money A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States PDF American Antiquarian Society 1800 present Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Consumer Price Index estimate 1800 Retrieved February 29 2024 National Register Information System National Register of Historic Places National Park Service January 23 2007 Wright Frank Lloyd 1931 The Tyranny of the Skyscraper Modern Architecture Princeton Princeton University Press 85 Exiled Nine Years Returns for Trial PDF The New York Times April 8 1911 Retrieved 25 March 2011 Trampe Stephen L December 2003 The Queen of Lace The Story of the Continental Life Building Virginia Publishing p 217 ISBN 978 1 891442 24 7 Retrieved 25 March 2011 Wainwright Tomb St Louis Public Library 2005 Archived from the original on 20 July 2011 Retrieved 25 March 2011 a b National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Strait James Moran Mark Sceurman Mark 4 November 2008 Weird Missouri Your Travel Guide to Missouri s Local Legends and Best Kept Secrets Sterling Publishing Company Inc p 208 ISBN 978 1 4027 4555 3 Retrieved 25 March 2011 External links edit nbsp Media related to Ellis Wainwright at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ellis Wainwright amp oldid 1157495232, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
