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al-Fashir

al-Fashir or El Fasher (Arabic: الفاشر, romanizedal-Fāshir) is the capital city of North Darfur, Sudan. It is a large town in the Darfur region of northwestern Sudan, 195 kilometres (121 mi) northeast of Nyala, Sudan. [2] A historical caravan post, Al-Fashir is located at an elevation of about 700 metres (2,300 ft).[2] The town serves as an agricultural marketing point for the cereals and fruits grown in the surrounding region. Al-Fashir is linked by road with both Geneina and Umm Keddada. Al-Fashir had 264,734 residents as of 2006, an increase from 2001, when the population was estimated to be 178,500.[2] UN Habitat reported a population of 500,000 for al-Fashir in 2009, attributing the increase to refugees and economic migrants.[1]

Al-Fashir
الفاشر
Town
Aerial view of Al-Fashir
Al-Fashir
Location in Sudan
Coordinates: 13°37′50″N 25°21′0″E / 13.63056°N 25.35000°E / 13.63056; 25.35000
Country Sudan
StateNorth Darfur
Population
 (2009)
 • Total500,000[1]

Al Fashir University was created in 1990 by decree of President Omar Hassan Ahmed Bashir, and was officially opened in February 1991 in premises west of El Fasher Airport and south of the El Fashir School.[3]

History edit

Late in the 18th century, Sultan Abd al-Rahman al-Rashid of the Sultanate of Darfur moved his itinerant court (fashir) to a site called Rahad Tendelti while campaigning in the region of northern Darfur as it was a superb spot for a settlement and grazing, eventually the site was renamed to al-Fashir.[4][5] A town developed around the sultan's palace grounds.[2] It was one of the cities Amelia Earhart visited while attempting to circumnavigate the world.[6]

In April 2023, the town saw the Battle of El Fasher.[7]

Climate edit

Al-Fashir has a hot arid climate (Köppen BWh) with three distinct seasons. There is a bone-dry and relatively "cool" season from October to February when temperatures are merely hot by afternoon and cool in the mornings, which gives way to a sweltering and equally arid "hot season" from March to May with high temperatures around 38 °C or 100.4 °F and morning lows of 21 °C or 69.8 °F. The Sahelian monsoon arrives in June and lasts until September, creating a short wet season that produces virtually all the year's rainfall of around 210 millimetres or 8.3 inches, accompanied by extremely unpleasant conditions with much higher humidity than during the remainder of the year.

Climate data for Al-Fashir
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 37.7
(99.9)
40.1
(104.2)
42.2
(108.0)
43.0
(109.4)
43.2
(109.8)
42.5
(108.5)
41.7
(107.1)
39.7
(103.5)
40.2
(104.4)
39.8
(103.6)
38.0
(100.4)
36.5
(97.7)
43.2
(109.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 29.8
(85.6)
31.9
(89.4)
35.6
(96.1)
37.8
(100.0)
38.9
(102.0)
38.4
(101.1)
35.4
(95.7)
33.9
(93.0)
35.7
(96.3)
36.0
(96.8)
32.7
(90.9)
30.0
(86.0)
34.7
(94.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 19.7
(67.5)
21.7
(71.1)
25.5
(77.9)
28.1
(82.6)
30.1
(86.2)
30.7
(87.3)
28.9
(84.0)
27.9
(82.2)
28.5
(83.3)
27.5
(81.5)
23.0
(73.4)
20.1
(68.2)
26.0
(78.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 9.5
(49.1)
11.4
(52.5)
15.5
(59.9)
18.3
(64.9)
21.3
(70.3)
23.0
(73.4)
22.5
(72.5)
21.8
(71.2)
21.2
(70.2)
18.9
(66.0)
13.6
(56.5)
10.3
(50.5)
17.3
(63.1)
Record low °C (°F) 0.7
(33.3)
1.4
(34.5)
6.5
(43.7)
8.2
(46.8)
12.8
(55.0)
15.7
(60.3)
15.6
(60.1)
13.5
(56.3)
15.5
(59.9)
7.1
(44.8)
5.6
(42.1)
2.0
(35.6)
0.7
(33.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.3
(0.01)
1.9
(0.07)
7.0
(0.28)
14.6
(0.57)
59.1
(2.33)
87.0
(3.43)
35.5
(1.40)
7.1
(0.28)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
212.5
(8.37)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm) 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 1.3 2.4 8.3 9.3 4.5 1.0 0.0 0.0 27.3
Average relative humidity (%) 24 21 18 18 22 33 52 61 46 30 27 26 31.5
Mean monthly sunshine hours 313.1 288.4 300.7 297.0 310.0 252.0 235.6 217.0 252.0 297.6 315.0 316.2 3,394.6
Percent possible sunshine 89 88 81 80 73 68 59 62 70 82 91 90 78
Source 1: NOAA[8]
Source 2: Climate Charts[9]

Economy edit

Due to the nearby Abu Shouk[10] and Al Salam[11] IDP camps with the influx of humanitarian aid from the United Nations as a result of the Darfur crisis, the city has experienced a significant economic and population boom. Rents and retail sales increased, including the selling of bottled water and the opening of a pizza parlor to cater to the demand from western aid workers. The number of gas stations has tripled in three years as a result of the increase in the amount of automobiles in the city. Employment opportunities also increased as the United Nations offered jobs to citizens. Economics analyst Adam Ahmed stated that the "people [of Al-Fashir] are beginning to think in a more business-minded way" to make the most of their situation.[12]

See also edit

Notes edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b "Profile of El Fasher Town and Abu Shouk IDP Camp" (PDF). UN Habitat. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d "Al-Fashir" (description)[permanent dead link], Encyclopædia Britannica, 2007, webpage:
  3. ^ . Al Fashir University. Archived from the original on 20 October 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  4. ^ Crummey, Donald (2005). Land, literacy and the state in Sudanic Africa. Red Sea Press. ISBN 1-56902-182-1. OCLC 52601158.
  5. ^ de Waal, Alex (2005). Famine That Kills: Darfur. Cary, NC: Oxford University Press. p. 60.
  6. ^ Vizard, Frank (February 1997) "On Earhart's Wings" Popular Science 250(2): pp. 50–52, page 51
  7. ^ Salih, Zeinab Mohammed; Michaelson, Ruth (1 May 2023). "Medics in Sudan warn of crisis as health system near collapse". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
  8. ^ "El Fasher (Al-Fashir) Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
  9. ^ . Climate Charts. Archived from the original on 9 November 2017. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  10. ^ Mitchell, Andrea (2007) Talking Back...to Presidents, Dictators, and Assorted Scoundrels (2nd edition) Penguin Books, New York, page xli, ISBN 978-0-14-303873-3
  11. ^ "Northern Darfur: Abu Shouk and Al Salam IDP Camps" 23 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine map, United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Date Created: 1 February 2009
  12. ^ Sanders, Edmund. A Darfur capital is a humanitarian boomtown, Los Angeles Times, 2008-04-30.

External links edit

  • Adventures of Sudan: Al-Fashir
  • Historical weather for Al-Fashir

fashir, fasher, arabic, الفاشر, romanized, fāshir, capital, city, north, darfur, sudan, large, town, darfur, region, northwestern, sudan, kilometres, northeast, nyala, sudan, historical, caravan, post, fashir, located, elevation, about, metres, town, serves, a. al Fashir or El Fasher Arabic الفاشر romanized al Fashir is the capital city of North Darfur Sudan It is a large town in the Darfur region of northwestern Sudan 195 kilometres 121 mi northeast of Nyala Sudan 2 A historical caravan post Al Fashir is located at an elevation of about 700 metres 2 300 ft 2 The town serves as an agricultural marketing point for the cereals and fruits grown in the surrounding region Al Fashir is linked by road with both Geneina and Umm Keddada Al Fashir had 264 734 residents as of 2006 update an increase from 2001 when the population was estimated to be 178 500 2 UN Habitat reported a population of 500 000 for al Fashir in 2009 attributing the increase to refugees and economic migrants 1 Al Fashir الفاشرTownAerial view of Al FashirAl FashirLocation in SudanCoordinates 13 37 50 N 25 21 0 E 13 63056 N 25 35000 E 13 63056 25 35000CountrySudanStateNorth DarfurPopulation 2009 Total500 000 1 Al Fashir University was created in 1990 by decree of President Omar Hassan Ahmed Bashir and was officially opened in February 1991 in premises west of El Fasher Airport and south of the El Fashir School 3 Contents 1 History 2 Climate 3 Economy 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksHistory editLate in the 18th century Sultan Abd al Rahman al Rashid of the Sultanate of Darfur moved his itinerant court fashir to a site called Rahad Tendelti while campaigning in the region of northern Darfur as it was a superb spot for a settlement and grazing eventually the site was renamed to al Fashir 4 5 A town developed around the sultan s palace grounds 2 It was one of the cities Amelia Earhart visited while attempting to circumnavigate the world 6 In April 2023 the town saw the Battle of El Fasher 7 Climate editAl Fashir has a hot arid climate Koppen BWh with three distinct seasons There is a bone dry and relatively cool season from October to February when temperatures are merely hot by afternoon and cool in the mornings which gives way to a sweltering and equally arid hot season from March to May with high temperatures around 38 C or 100 4 F and morning lows of 21 C or 69 8 F The Sahelian monsoon arrives in June and lasts until September creating a short wet season that produces virtually all the year s rainfall of around 210 millimetres or 8 3 inches accompanied by extremely unpleasant conditions with much higher humidity than during the remainder of the year Climate data for Al FashirMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 37 7 99 9 40 1 104 2 42 2 108 0 43 0 109 4 43 2 109 8 42 5 108 5 41 7 107 1 39 7 103 5 40 2 104 4 39 8 103 6 38 0 100 4 36 5 97 7 43 2 109 8 Mean daily maximum C F 29 8 85 6 31 9 89 4 35 6 96 1 37 8 100 0 38 9 102 0 38 4 101 1 35 4 95 7 33 9 93 0 35 7 96 3 36 0 96 8 32 7 90 9 30 0 86 0 34 7 94 5 Daily mean C F 19 7 67 5 21 7 71 1 25 5 77 9 28 1 82 6 30 1 86 2 30 7 87 3 28 9 84 0 27 9 82 2 28 5 83 3 27 5 81 5 23 0 73 4 20 1 68 2 26 0 78 8 Mean daily minimum C F 9 5 49 1 11 4 52 5 15 5 59 9 18 3 64 9 21 3 70 3 23 0 73 4 22 5 72 5 21 8 71 2 21 2 70 2 18 9 66 0 13 6 56 5 10 3 50 5 17 3 63 1 Record low C F 0 7 33 3 1 4 34 5 6 5 43 7 8 2 46 8 12 8 55 0 15 7 60 3 15 6 60 1 13 5 56 3 15 5 59 9 7 1 44 8 5 6 42 1 2 0 35 6 0 7 33 3 Average precipitation mm inches 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 01 1 9 0 07 7 0 0 28 14 6 0 57 59 1 2 33 87 0 3 43 35 5 1 40 7 1 0 28 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 212 5 8 37 Average rainy days 0 1 mm 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 1 3 2 4 8 3 9 3 4 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 27 3Average relative humidity 24 21 18 18 22 33 52 61 46 30 27 26 31 5Mean monthly sunshine hours 313 1 288 4 300 7 297 0 310 0 252 0 235 6 217 0 252 0 297 6 315 0 316 2 3 394 6Percent possible sunshine 89 88 81 80 73 68 59 62 70 82 91 90 78Source 1 NOAA 8 Source 2 Climate Charts 9 Economy editDue to the nearby Abu Shouk 10 and Al Salam 11 IDP camps with the influx of humanitarian aid from the United Nations as a result of the Darfur crisis the city has experienced a significant economic and population boom Rents and retail sales increased including the selling of bottled water and the opening of a pizza parlor to cater to the demand from western aid workers The number of gas stations has tripled in three years as a result of the increase in the amount of automobiles in the city Employment opportunities also increased as the United Nations offered jobs to citizens Economics analyst Adam Ahmed stated that the people of Al Fashir are beginning to think in a more business minded way to make the most of their situation 12 See also editChad border country near Nyala Sudan History of DarfurNotes editReferences edit a b Profile of El Fasher Town and Abu Shouk IDP Camp PDF UN Habitat Retrieved 6 December 2023 a b c d Al Fashir description permanent dead link Encyclopaedia Britannica 2007 webpage History of the University Al Fashir University Archived from the original on 20 October 2011 Retrieved 15 September 2011 Crummey Donald 2005 Land literacy and the state in Sudanic Africa Red Sea Press ISBN 1 56902 182 1 OCLC 52601158 de Waal Alex 2005 Famine That Kills Darfur Cary NC Oxford University Press p 60 Vizard Frank February 1997 On Earhart s Wings Popular Science 250 2 pp 50 52 page 51 Salih Zeinab Mohammed Michaelson Ruth 1 May 2023 Medics in Sudan warn of crisis as health system near collapse The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 8 May 2023 El Fasher Al Fashir Climate Normals 1961 1990 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved 17 January 2016 El Fasher Sudan Climate Global Warming and Daylight Charts and Data Climate Charts Archived from the original on 9 November 2017 Retrieved 25 August 2013 Mitchell Andrea 2007 Talking Back to Presidents Dictators and Assorted Scoundrels 2nd edition Penguin Books New York page xli ISBN 978 0 14 303873 3 Northern Darfur Abu Shouk and Al Salam IDP Camps Archived 23 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine map United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OCHA Date Created 1 February 2009 Sanders Edmund A Darfur capital is a humanitarian boomtown Los Angeles Times 2008 04 30 External links editAdventures of Sudan Al Fashir Historical weather for Al Fashir Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Al Fashir amp oldid 1188557491, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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