This article's lead sectionmay be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article.(December 2020)
Climate change has adversely affected terrestrial and marine ecosystems.[1][2] Increasing global temperature, more frequent occurrence of extreme weather,[3] and rising sea level[4] are examples of the most impactful effects of climate change. Possible consequences of these effects on ecosystems include species decline and extinction and overall significant loss of biodiversity, change within ecosystems, increased prevalence of invasive species.[5]
This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(December 2019)
The IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (2021) projects progressively large increases in both the frequency (horizontal bars) and intensity (vertical bars) of extreme weather events, for increasing degrees of global warming.[6]
Increasing global temperature means that ecosystems are changing; some species are being forced out of their habitats (possibly to extinction) because of changing conditions.[7] An example is migration. Due to the ever hotter weather, birds are forced to move to foreign lands.
Within the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, experts assessed the literature on the impacts of climate change on ecosystems. Rosenzweig et al. (2007) concluded that over the last three decades, human-induced warming had likely had a discernible influence on many physical and biological systems (p. 81).[8] Schneider et al. (2007) concluded, with very high confidence, that regional temperature trends had already affected species and ecosystems around the world (p. 792).[9] They also concluded that climate change would result in the extinction of many species and a reduction in the diversity of different types of ecosystems (p. 792).
Terrestrial ecosystems and biodiversity: With a warming of 4-5 °C, relative to 2010 levels, it is likely that global terrestrial vegetation would become a net source of carbon (Schneider et al., 2007:792). With high confidence, Schneider et al. (2007:788) concluded that a global mean temperature increase of around 4 °C (above the 2010–2015) by 2100 would lead to major extinctions around the world.
Marine ecosystems and biodiversity: With high confidence, scientists concluded that a warming of 2-3 °C above 2010 levels would result in mass mortality of coral reefs globally. In addition, several studies dealing with planktonic organisms and modelling have shown that temperature plays a transcendental role in marine microbial food webs, which may have a deep influence on the biological carbon pump of marine planktonic pelagic and mesopelagic ecosystems.[10][11][12]
^"IPCC Special Report on Climate Change, Desertification, Land Degradation, Sustainable Land Management, Food Security, and Greenhouse gas fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems:Summary for Policymakers" (PDF).
^"Summary for Policymakers — Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate". Retrieved 2019-12-23.
^Geremy, Taylor; Christopher M. Belusic; Danijel Guichard; Francoise Parker; Douglas J. Vischel; Theo Bock; Olivier Harris; Phil P. Janicot; Serge Klein; Cornelia Panthou (2017-04-27). Frequency of extreme Sahelian storms tripled since 1982 in satellite observations. Nature Publishing Group. OCLC 990335453.
^"How does climate change affect the challenge of invasive species? | U.S. Geological Survey". www.usgs.gov.
^(PDF), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 9 August 2021, pp. 18, 23, archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2021
^Grimm, Nancy B; Chapin, F Stuart; Bierwagen, Britta; Gonzalez, Patrick; Groffman, Peter M; Luo, Yiqi; Melton, Forrest; Nadelhoffer, Knute; Pairis, Amber; Raymond, Peter A; Schimel, Josh; Williamson, Craig E (November 2013). "The impacts of climate change on ecosystem structure and function". Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 11 (9): 474–482. doi:10.1890/120282. S2CID 16556109.
^Rosenzweig, C.; Casassa, G.; Karoly, D. J.; Imeson, A.; Liu, C.; Menzel, A.; Rawlins, S.; Root, T. L.; Seguin, B.; Tryjanowski, P. (2007). "Assessment of observed changes and responses in natural and managed systems". Cambridge University Press: 79–131. doi:10.5167/uzh-33180. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^"Assessing Key Vulnerabilities and the Risk from Climate Change". AR4 Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. 2007.
^Sarmento, Hugo; Montoya, José M.; Vázquez-Domínguez, Evaristo; Vaqué, Dolors; Gasol, Josep M. (12 July 2010). "Warming effects on marine microbial food web processes: how far can we go when it comes to predictions?". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 365 (1549): 2137–2149. doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0045. PMC2880134. PMID 20513721.
^Vázquez-Domínguez, Evaristo; Vaqué, Dolors; Gasol, Josep M. (July 2007). "Ocean warming enhances respiration and carbon demand of coastal microbial plankton". Global Change Biology. 13 (7): 1327–1334. Bibcode:2007GCBio..13.1327V. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01377.x. hdl:10261/15731. S2CID 8721854.
^Vázquez-Domínguez, E; Vaqué, D; Gasol, JM (2 October 2012). "Temperature effects on the heterotrophic bacteria, heterotrophic nanoflagellates, and microbial top predators of the NW Mediterranean". Aquatic Microbial Ecology. 67 (2): 107–121. doi:10.3354/ame01583. hdl:10261/95626.
February 16, 2024
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It has been suggested that this article be merged into effects of climate change on biomes Discuss Proposed since February 2024 This article s lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article December 2020 Climate change has adversely affected terrestrial and marine ecosystems 1 2 Increasing global temperature more frequent occurrence of extreme weather 3 and rising sea level 4 are examples of the most impactful effects of climate change Possible consequences of these effects on ecosystems include species decline and extinction and overall significant loss of biodiversity change within ecosystems increased prevalence of invasive species 5 Rainforest ecosystems are rich in biodiversity This is the Gambia River in Senegal s Niokolo Koba National Park Overview editThis section needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information December 2019 nbsp The IPCC Sixth Assessment Report 2021 projects progressively large increases in both the frequency horizontal bars and intensity vertical bars of extreme weather events for increasing degrees of global warming 6 Increasing global temperature means that ecosystems are changing some species are being forced out of their habitats possibly to extinction because of changing conditions 7 An example is migration Due to the ever hotter weather birds are forced to move to foreign lands Within the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report experts assessed the literature on the impacts of climate change on ecosystems Rosenzweig et al 2007 concluded that over the last three decades human induced warming had likely had a discernible influence on many physical and biological systems p 81 8 Schneider et al 2007 concluded with very high confidence that regional temperature trends had already affected species and ecosystems around the world p 792 9 They also concluded that climate change would result in the extinction of many species and a reduction in the diversity of different types of ecosystems p 792 Terrestrial ecosystems and biodiversity With a warming of 4 5 C relative to 2010 levels it is likely that global terrestrial vegetation would become a net source of carbon Schneider et al 2007 792 With high confidence Schneider et al 2007 788 concluded that a global mean temperature increase of around 4 C above the 2010 2015 by 2100 would lead to major extinctions around the world Marine ecosystems and biodiversity With high confidence scientists concluded that a warming of 2 3 C above 2010 levels would result in mass mortality of coral reefs globally In addition several studies dealing with planktonic organisms and modelling have shown that temperature plays a transcendental role in marine microbial food webs which may have a deep influence on the biological carbon pump of marine planktonic pelagic and mesopelagic ecosystems 10 11 12 See also edit nbsp Environment portal nbsp Global warming portalEffects of climate change on the water cycle Mycorrhizae and climate changeReferences edit IPCC Special Report on Climate Change Desertification Land Degradation Sustainable Land Management Food Security and Greenhouse gas fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems Summary for Policymakers PDF Summary for Policymakers Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate Retrieved 2019 12 23 Geremy Taylor Christopher M Belusic Danijel Guichard Francoise Parker Douglas J Vischel Theo Bock Olivier Harris Phil P Janicot Serge Klein Cornelia Panthou 2017 04 27 Frequency of extreme Sahelian storms tripled since 1982 in satellite observations Nature Publishing Group OCLC 990335453 Priestley Rebecca Heine Zoe Milfont Taciano L 2021 07 14 Public understanding of climate change related sea level rise PLOS ONE 16 7 e0254348 Bibcode 2021PLoSO 1654348P doi 10 1371 journal pone 0254348 hdl 10289 14493 PMC 8270426 PMID 34242339 S2CID 243117767 How does climate change affect the challenge of invasive species U S Geological Survey www usgs gov Climate Change 2021 The Physical Science Basis Summary for Policymakers PDF Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 9 August 2021 pp 18 23 archived from the original PDF on 4 November 2021 Grimm Nancy B Chapin F Stuart Bierwagen Britta Gonzalez Patrick Groffman Peter M Luo Yiqi Melton Forrest Nadelhoffer Knute Pairis Amber Raymond Peter A Schimel Josh Williamson Craig E November 2013 The impacts of climate change on ecosystem structure and function Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 11 9 474 482 doi 10 1890 120282 S2CID 16556109 Rosenzweig C Casassa G Karoly D J Imeson A Liu C Menzel A Rawlins S Root T L Seguin B Tryjanowski P 2007 Assessment of observed changes and responses in natural and managed systems Cambridge University Press 79 131 doi 10 5167 uzh 33180 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Assessing Key Vulnerabilities and the Risk from Climate Change AR4 Climate Change 2007 Impacts Adaptation and Vulnerability 2007 Sarmento Hugo Montoya Jose M Vazquez Dominguez Evaristo Vaque Dolors Gasol Josep M 12 July 2010 Warming effects on marine microbial food web processes how far can we go when it comes to predictions Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences 365 1549 2137 2149 doi 10 1098 rstb 2010 0045 PMC 2880134 PMID 20513721 Vazquez Dominguez Evaristo Vaque Dolors Gasol Josep M July 2007 Ocean warming enhances respiration and carbon demand of coastal microbial plankton Global Change Biology 13 7 1327 1334 Bibcode 2007GCBio 13 1327V doi 10 1111 j 1365 2486 2007 01377 x hdl 10261 15731 S2CID 8721854 Vazquez Dominguez E Vaque D Gasol JM 2 October 2012 Temperature effects on the heterotrophic bacteria heterotrophic nanoflagellates and microbial top predators of the NW Mediterranean Aquatic Microbial Ecology 67 2 107 121 doi 10 3354 ame01583 hdl 10261 95626 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Effects of climate change on ecosystems amp oldid 1203887420, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
