Eastbourne (UK Parliament constituency)

Eastbourne is a constituency for the House of Commons of the UK Parliament. It was created as one of nine in Sussex in 1885, since when it has reduced in geographic size reflecting the growth of its main settlement, Eastbourne.^{[n 1]}

Eastbourne
Borough constituency for the House of Commons
Boundary of Eastbourne in East Sussex
Location of East Sussex within England
County	East Sussex
Electorate	79,307 (December 2019)^[1]
Major settlements	Eastbourne
Current constituency
Created	1885
Member of Parliament	Caroline Ansell (Conservative)
Seats	One
Created from	East Sussex

The seat was re-won in 2019 by Caroline Ansell, a Conservative who ousted Liberal Democrat Stephen Lloyd; she earlier did so in 2015.^{[n 2]} Since the seat's creation it has been won by candidates from either of these two political parties (and their early forebears, the Liberal Party and the Unionist Party). The seat has had four by-elections, lastly in 1990.

For 94 years of the 20th Century, the seat was represented by Conservative MPs. The seat in the 1930s saw three unopposed candidates: in 1932, March 1935 and November 1935. Eastbourne has been considered relative to others a very marginal seat, as well as a swing seat, since 1997 as its winner's majority has been at most 7.86% of the vote. A 8.9% majority Tory re-gain took place in 1992 and since 2010 the seat has changed hands (between the two parties mentioned) all four possible times.

Members of Parliament

Election	Member^[2]	Party
1885	Edward Field		Conservative
1900	Sir Lindsay Hogg		Conservative
1906	Hubert Beaumont		Liberal
January 1910	Rupert Gwynne		Conservative
1924	Sir George Lloyd		Conservative
1925 by-election	Sir Reginald Hall		Conservative
1929	Edward Marjoribanks		Conservative
1932 by-election	John Slater		Conservative
1935 by-election	Sir Charles Taylor		Conservative
February 1974	Ian Gow		Conservative
1990 by-election	David Bellotti		Liberal Democrats
1992	Nigel Waterson		Conservative
2010	Stephen Lloyd		Liberal Democrats
2015	Caroline Ansell		Conservative
2017	Stephen Lloyd		Liberal Democrats
December 2018			Independent
September 2019			Liberal Democrats
2019	Caroline Ansell		Conservative

Constituency profile

The constituency contains urban and suburban developments, including the whole of the Eastbourne Borough Council administrative area, as well as the village of Willingdon on its outskirts, which forms a small part of the Wealden District Council administrative area.

Eastbourne itself is on the edge of the London Commuter Belt and is a coastal resort town. The Eastbourne seat has narrowed at every Boundary Commission Periodic Review, as the population of the core town has grown.

Chris Hanretty, the Professor of Politics at Royal Holloway, estimated that Eastbourne voted 57.6% to 42.4% in favour of leaving the European Union during the 2016 referendum.^[3]

History

Origin

This seat was created by the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885. This zone had been in the East Sussex constituency, which in turn had been created with two seats by the Reform Act 1832 as a division of the 13th century-founded Sussex parliamentary county which had two seats (returned two knights of the shire).

Boundaries

 

Map of present boundaries

1885–1918: The Corporate Towns of Pevensey and Seaford, the Sessional Divisions of Hailsham and Uckfield (except the parishes of East Hoathly and Waldron), and part of the Sessional Division of Lewes.

1918–1950: The Borough of Eastbourne, the Rural District of Eastbourne, and in the Rural District of Hailsham the parishes of Arlington, Chalvington, Chiddingly, Hailsham, Hellingly, Laughton, and Ripe.

1950–1955: The Boroughs of Eastbourne and Bexhill, and in the Rural District of Hailsham the parishes of East Dean, Friston, Hooe, Jevington, Ninfield, Pevensey, Polegate, Wartling, Westham, and Willingdon.

1955–1974: The Borough of Eastbourne, and part of the Rural District of Hailsham.

1974–1983: The Borough of Eastbourne, and in the Rural District of Hailsham the parishes of East Dean, Friston, Jevington, Pevensey, Polegate, Westdean, Westham, and Willingdon.

1983–1997: The Borough of Eastbourne, and the District of Wealden wards of Polegate North, Polegate South, and Willingdon.

1997–2010: As prior, substituting East Dean for the Polegate wards.

2010–present: As prior, less East Dean.

From safe seat to marginal seat

 

Results of all deposit-keeping candidates in their bid be the MP for Eastbourne (UK House of Commons), from and including the 1990 result

From 1910 until 1987 the seat returned Conservative Party candidates at every election. The large rural vote within the seat, until boundary changes in 1983, resulted in strong Conservative support – rural English voters tended to be richer and more right-wing (anti-socialist, pro-Empire before 1960s, pro-Established Church and pro-defence) compared to other voters.

The seat became a marginal, or swing seat, from the 1990 by-election onwards, being closely fought for between the two locally dominant parties. A Liberal Democrat gained the seat at the 2010 general election, in a vote which saw Eastbourne return the sixth-lowest Labour share of the vote of the 631 candidates who stood at the election, with only 4.8%.^[4] In 2015, the seat was the 9th most marginal of the Conservative Party's 331 seats, by share of the vote.^[5]

By-elections

• 1925 Eastbourne by-election (Con, hold), following the resignation of the Conservative MP Sir George Ambrose Lloyd
• 1932 Eastbourne by-election (Con, hold), following the death of the Conservative MP Edward Marjoribanks
• 1935 Eastbourne by-election (Con, hold), following the death of the Conservative MP John Slater
• 1990 Eastbourne by-election (LD, gain), following the assassination of the Conservative MP Ian Gow by members of the Provisional IRA.

Election results by decade

Elections in the 2010s

General election 2019: Eastbourne^[6]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Caroline Ansell	26,951	48.9	+4.8
	Liberal Democrats	Stephen Lloyd	22,620	41.0	-5.9
	Labour	Jake Lambert	3,848	7.0	-1.1
	Brexit Party	Stephen Gander	1,530	2.8	New
	Independent	Ken Pollock	185	0.3	New
Majority			4,331	7.9	N/A
Turnout			55,134	69.5	-3.4
	Conservative gain from Liberal Democrats		Swing	+5.3

General election 2017: Eastbourne^[7][8]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Democrats	Stephen Lloyd	26,924	46.9	+8.7
	Conservative	Caroline Ansell	25,315	44.1	+4.5
	Labour	Jake Lambert	4,671	8.1	+0.3
	Green	Alex Hough	510	0.9	-1.7
Majority			1,609	2.8	N/A
Turnout			57,420	72.9	+5.3
	Liberal Democrats gain from Conservative		Swing	+2.1

See also: Opinion polling in United Kingdom constituencies, 2010–15 § Eastbourne

General election 2015: Eastbourne^[9][10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Caroline Ansell	20,934	39.6	-1.1
	Liberal Democrats	Stephen Lloyd	20,201	38.2	-9.1
	UKIP	Nigel Jones	6,139	11.6	+9.1
	Labour	Jake Lambert	4,143	7.8	+3.0
	Green	Andrew Durling	1,351	2.6	New
	Independent	Paul Howard	139	0.3	New
Majority			733	1.4	New
Turnout			52,907	67.6	+0.6
	Conservative gain from Liberal Democrats		Swing	+4.0

General election 2010: Eastbourne^[11][12]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Democrats	Stephen Lloyd	24,658	47.3	+5.6
	Conservative	Nigel Waterson	21,223	40.7	-2.3
	Labour	Dave Brinson	2,497	4.8	-6.0
	Independent	Stephen Shing	1,327	2.5	New
	UKIP	Roger Needham	1,305	2.5	±0.0
	BNP	Colin Poulter	939	1.8	New
	Independent	Michael Baldry	101	0.2	New
	Independent	Keith Gell	74	0.1	New
Majority			3,435	6.6	N/A
Turnout			52,124	67.0	+3.8
	Liberal Democrats gain from Conservative		Swing	+4.0

Elections in the 2000s

General election 2005: Eastbourne^[13]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Nigel Waterson	21,033	43.5	−0.6
	Liberal Democrats	Stephen Lloyd	19,909	41.1	+1.8
	Labour	Andrew Jones	5,268	10.9	−2.4
	UKIP	Andrew Meggs	1,233	2.5	+0.5
	Green	Clive Gross	949	2.0	New
Majority			1,124	2.4	-2.4
Turnout			48,392	64.8	+5.2
	Conservative hold		Swing	-1.2

General election 2001: Eastbourne^[14]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Nigel Waterson	19,738	44.1	+2.0
	Liberal Democrats	Chris Berry	17,584	39.3	+1.0
	Labour	Gillian Roles	5,967	13.3	+0.8
	UKIP	Barry Jones	907	2.0	New
	Liberal	Theresia Williamson	574	1.3	−0.1
Majority			2,154	4.8	+1.0
Turnout			44,770	59.6	−13.2
	Conservative hold		Swing	+1.5

Elections in the 1990s

General election 1997: Eastbourne^[15]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Nigel Waterson	22,183	42.1	−10.9
	Liberal Democrats	Chris Berry	20,189	38.3	−2.9
	Labour	David Lines	6,576	12.5	+7.8
	Referendum	Trevor Lowe	2,724	5.2	New
	Liberal	Theresia Williamson	741	1.4	New
	Natural Law	John Dawkins	254	0.5	New
Majority			1,994	3.8	-5.1
Turnout			52,667	72.8	-8.1
	Conservative hold		Swing	-4.0

This constituency underwent boundary changes between the 1992 and 1997 general elections and thus change in share of vote is based on a notional calculation.

General election 1992: Eastbourne^[16][17]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Nigel Waterson	31,792	51.6	−8.3
	Liberal Democrats	David Bellotti	26,311	42.7	+13.0
	Labour	Ivan A. Gibbons	2,834	4.6	−4.2
	Green	David Aherne	391	0.6	−0.9
	Liberal	MT Williamson	296	0.5	−29.3
Majority			5,481	8.9	−21.3
Turnout			61,624	80.9	+5.3
	Conservative hold		Swing	−10.7

By-election 1990: Eastbourne

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Democrats	David Bellotti	23,415	50.8	+21.1
	Conservative	Richard Hickmet	18,865	41.0	-18.9
	Labour	Charlotte Atkins	2,308	5.0	-3.8
	Green	David Aherne	553	1.2	-0.4
	Liberal	Theresia Williamson	526	1.1	New
	Corrective Party	Lady Whiplash	216	0.5	New
	National Front	John McAuley	154	0.3	New
	Ironside Party	Eric Page	35	0.1	New
Majority			4,550	9.8	New
Turnout			46,072	60.7	-14.9
	Liberal Democrats gain from Conservative		Swing	+20.0

Elections in the 1980s

General election 1987: Eastbourne^[18]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Ian Gow	33,587	59.9	+0.8
	Liberal	Peter Driver	16,664	29.7	-4.1
	Labour	Ash Patel	4,928	8.8	+1.7
	Green	Ruth Addison	867	1.6	New
Majority			16,923	30.2	+4.9
Turnout			56,046	75.6	+2.6
	Conservative hold		Swing	+2.5

General election 1983: Eastbourne^[19]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Ian Gow	31,501	59.1	-3.9
	Liberal	Peter Driver	18,015	33.8	+15.0
	Labour	Charles Clark	3,790	7.1	-10.1
Majority			13,486	25.3	-19.0
Turnout			53,306	73.0	-3.7
	Conservative hold		Swing	-9.5

Elections in the 1970s

General election 1979: Eastbourne

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Ian Gow	37,168	63.1	+8.4
	Liberal	David Bellotti	11,084	18.8	-7.1
	Labour	Len Caine	10,166	17.2	-2.3
	National Front	C Mitchell	533	0.9	New
Majority			26,084	44.3	+15.5
Turnout			58,951	76.7	+2.2
	Conservative hold		Swing	+7.8

General election October 1974: Eastbourne

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Ian Gow	30,442	54.7	+3.6
	Liberal	Gurth Hoyer-Millar	14,417	25.9	-13.2
	Labour	Len Caine	10,830	19.5	+9.9
Majority			16,025	28.8
Turnout			55,689	74.55
	Conservative hold		Swing	+8.4

General election February 1974: Eastbourne

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Ian Gow	31,462	51.3
	Liberal	Stephen Terrell	23,987	39.1
	Labour	David Dawson	5,874	9.6
Majority			7,475	12.19
Turnout			61,323	82.60
	Conservative hold		Swing

General election 1970: Eastbourne

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Charles Taylor	30,296	48.8
	Liberal	Stephen Terrell	23,308	37.6
	Labour	Cyril George Abley	8,475	13.7
Majority			6,988	11.2
Turnout			62,079	73.67
	Conservative hold		Swing	-

Elections in the 1960s

General election 1966: Eastbourne

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Charles Taylor	26,039	46.26
	Liberal	Stephen Terrell	16,746	29.75
	Labour	John Harold High	12,620	22.42
	Independent	Vernon Hubert Petty	883	1.57	New
Majority			9,293	16.51
Turnout			56,288	77.24
	Conservative hold		Swing

General election 1964: Eastbourne

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Charles Taylor	26,410	49.01
	Liberal	Stephen Terrell	15,441	28.66
	Labour Co-op	Joan E. M. Baker	12,034	22.33
Majority			10,969	20.35
Turnout			53,885	76.70
	Conservative hold		Swing

Elections in the 1950s

General election 1959: Eastbourne

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Charles Taylor	27,874	57.28
	Labour	Anthony Albert Dumont	11,837	24.32
	Liberal	Ronald Gardner-Thorpe	8,955	18.40	New
Majority			16,037	32.96
Turnout			48,666	77.28
	Conservative hold		Swing

General election 1955: Eastbourne

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Charles Taylor	29,779	65.68
	Labour	John A. Lewis	15,561	34.32
Majority			14,218	31.36
Turnout			45,340	75.81
	Conservative hold		Swing

General election 1951: Eastbourne

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Charles Taylor	39,278	67.15
	Labour	Christopher Attlee	19,217	32.85
Majority			20,061	34.30
Turnout			58,495	81.93
	Conservative hold		Swing

General election 1950: Eastbourne

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Charles Taylor	35,425	59.54
	Labour	Reginald Groves	18,304	30.77
	Liberal	Cecil Herbert Louis Douglas-Bate	5,766	9.69
Majority			17,121	28.77
Turnout			59,495	85.08
	Conservative hold		Swing

Election in the 1940s

General election 1945: Eastbourne

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Charles Taylor	18,173	53.24	N/A
	Labour	Duncan Newman Smith	12,637	37.02	New
	Liberal	John Stafford Gowland	2,797	8.19	New
	Independent National	Reg Hipwell	524	1.54	New
Majority			5,536	16.22	N/A
Turnout			34,131	77.35	N/A
	Conservative hold

Elections in the 1930s

General election 1935: Eastbourne

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Charles Taylor	Unopposed
	Conservative hold

1935 Eastbourne by-election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Charles Taylor	Unopposed
	Conservative hold

1932 Eastbourne by-election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	John Slater	Unopposed
	Conservative hold

General election 1931: Eastbourne

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Edward Marjoribanks	31,240	85.31
	Labour	A.J. Marshall	5,379	14.69
Majority			25,861	70.62
Turnout			36,619	71.86
	Conservative hold		Swing

Elections in the 1920s

1929 general election: Eastbourne ^[20]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Unionist	Edward Marjoribanks	18,157	49.9	-8.5
	Labour	Richard S Chatfield	8,204	22.5	+5.6
	Liberal	Clive Stuart Saxon Burt	7,812	21.4	-3.3
	Ind. Unionist	P E Hurst	2,277	6.2	New
Majority			9,953	27.4	-6.3
Turnout			36,450	74.5	+13.7
	Unionist hold		Swing	-7.0

1925 Eastbourne by-election^[20]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Unionist	Reginald Hall	12,741	58.4	-9.5
	Liberal	Harcourt Johnstone	5,386	24.7	+8.6
	Labour	Thomas Williams	3,696	16.9	+0.9
Majority			7,355	33.7	-18.1
Turnout			21,823	60.7	-14.9
	Unionist hold		Swing	-9.0

1924 general election: Eastbourne ^[20]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Unionist	George Lloyd	17,533	67.9	+14.1
	Liberal	Joseph James Davies	4,168	16.1	-30.1
	Labour	D J Davis	4,138	16.0	New
Majority			13,365	51.8	+44.2
Turnout			25,839	77.6	+0.6
	Unionist hold		Swing	+22.1

General election 1923: Eastbourne^[21]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Unionist	Rupert Gwynne	13,276	53.8	-6.7
	Liberal	Thomas Wiles	11,396	46.2	+6.7
Majority			1,880	7.6	-13.4
Turnout			24,672	77.0	-0.2
	Unionist hold		Swing	-6.7

General election 1922: Eastbourne^[21]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Unionist	Rupert Gwynne	14,601	60.5	-3.1
	Liberal	Edward Duke	9,550	39.5	+29.1
Majority			5,051	21.0	-16.6
Turnout			24,151	77.2
	Unionist hold		Swing	-16.1

Elections in the 1910s

 

Gwynne

General election 1918: Eastbourne ^[21]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
C	Unionist	Rupert Gwynne	11,357	63.6	+5.3
	Labour	Thomas Burleigh Hasdell	4,641	26.0	New
	Liberal	Alfred John Callaghan	1,852	10.4	−31.3
Majority			6,716	37.6	+21.0
Turnout			17,850	59.8	−23.4
	Unionist hold		Swing	+18.3
C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.

General Election 1914–15:

Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;

• Unionist: Rupert Gwynne
• Liberal:

 

Morison

General election December 1910: Eastbourne^[22][23]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Rupert Gwynne	6,873	58.3	−0.7
	Liberal	Hector Morison	4,920	41.7	+0.7
Majority			1,953	16.6	−1.4
Turnout			11,793	83.2	−7.1
Registered electors			14,172
	Conservative hold		Swing	−0.7

General election January 1910: Eastbourne^[22]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Rupert Gwynne	7,553	59.0	+11.8
	Liberal	Hector Morison	5,249	41.0	−11.8
Majority			2,304	18.0	N/A
Turnout			12,802	90.3	+3.3
Registered electors			14,172
	Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing	+11.8

Elections in the 1900s

 

Beaumont

General election 1906: Eastbourne^[24][23]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Hubert Beaumont	5,933	52.8	+6.6
	Conservative	Lindsay Hogg	5,303	47.2	-6.6
Majority			630	5.6	N/A
Turnout			11,236	87.0	+5.2
Registered electors			12,913
	Liberal gain from Conservative		Swing	+6.6

General election 1900: Eastbourne^[24][25][23]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Lindsay Hogg	4,948	53.8	+3.4
	Liberal	Thomas Seymour Brand	4,254	46.2	−3.4
Majority			694	7.6	+6.8
Turnout			9,202	81.8	+4.0
Registered electors			11,248
	Conservative hold		Swing	+3.4

Elections in the 1890s

General election 1895: Eastbourne^[24][25][23]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Edward Field	4,139	50.4	−2.0
	Liberal	Thomas Seymour Brand	4,079	49.6	+2.0
Majority			60	0.8	−4.0
Turnout			8,218	77.8	+0.9
Registered electors			10,563
	Conservative hold		Swing	−2.0

General election 1892: Eastbourne^[24][23]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Edward Field	4,037	52.4	−7.7
	Liberal	Thomas Seymour Brand	3,674	47.6	+7.7
Majority			363	4.8	−15.4
Turnout			7,711	76.9	+3.3
Registered electors			10,029
	Conservative hold		Swing	−7.7

Elections in the 1880s

General election 1886: Eastbourne^[24][23]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Edward Field	3,760	60.1	+9.6
	Liberal	James Clifton Brown^[26]	2,501	39.9	−9.6
Majority			1,259	20.2	+19.2
Turnout			6,261	73.6	−9.4
Registered electors			8,504
	Conservative hold		Swing	+9.6

General election 1885: Eastbourne ^[24][27][23]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Edward Field	3,561	50.5
	Liberal	George Ambrose Wallis	3,497	49.5
Majority			64	1.0
Turnout			7,058	83.0
Registered electors			8,504
	Conservative win (new seat)

See also

• List of parliamentary constituencies in East Sussex
• Boundary Commissions (United Kingdom)
• Sixth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies

Notes

1. A borough constituency having first been the alternative form, a county constituency, for the sole modern purposes of election expenses and type of returning officer.
2. As with all constituencies, the constituency elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election at least every five years.

References

1. "Election history of Eastbourne". members.parliament.uk. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
3. "Ward level results from the EU referendum". Medium. 6 February 2017. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
4. "Electoral Commission – Previous UK general elections". www.electoralcommission.org.uk.
5. "Conservative Members of Parliament 2015". UK Political.info. from the original on 8 June 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
6. "UK Parliamentary election: Eastbourne constituency Statement of Persons Nominated and Notice of Poll" (PDF). 14 November 2019. (PDF) from the original on 16 November 2019. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
7. "The Conservative candidates running to be MPs". 27 April 2017.
8. "BBC Election Results". 9 June 2017. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
9. . Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
10. "Eastbourne parliamentary constituency – Election 2017" – via www.bbc.co.uk.
11. . Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
12. "Eastborne election results". BBC. 20 April 2010. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
13. . Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
14. . Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
15. . Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
16. . Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
17. . Election 1992. Politics Resources. 9 April 1992. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
18. . Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
19. . Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
20. F W S Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1918–1949; Political Reference Publications, Glasgow 1949
21. Craig, F. W. S. (1983). British parliamentary election results 1918–1949 (3 ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. ISBN 0-900178-06-X.
22. Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1916
23. Craig, FWS, ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918. London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 9781349022984.
24. The Liberal Year Book, 1907
25. Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1901
26. "Meeting of the Council". Eastbourne Gazette. 23 June 1886. p. 8. Retrieved 25 November 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
27. Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1886

Sources

• Election result, 2005 (BBC)
• Election results, 1997–2001 (BBC)
• Election results, 1997–2001 (Election Demon)
• Election results, 1983–1992
• Election results, 1992–2005 (Guardian)
• Election results, 1950–2001 (Keele University)
• The Times House of Commons 1945. 1945. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
• Iain Dale, ed. (2003). The Times House of Commons 1929, 1931, 1935. Politico's (reprint). ISBN 1-84275-033-X.
• Craig, F. W. S. (1983) [1969]. British parliamentary election results 1918–1949 (3rd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. ISBN 0-900178-06-X.

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