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Strix (bird)

April 12, 2024

Strix is a genus of owls in the typical owl family (Strigidae), one of the two generally accepted living families of owls, with the other being the barn-owl (Tytonidae). Common names are earless owls or wood owls, though they are not the only owls without ear tufts, and "wood owl" is also used as a more generic name for forest-dwelling owls. Neotropical birds in the genus Ciccaba are sometimes included in Strix.

Strix owls
Temporal range: Early Miocene to recent
Great grey owl, Strix nebulosa
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Strigiformes
Family: Strigidae
Genus: Strix
Linnaeus, 1758
Type species
Strix stridula[1] = Strix aluco
Linnaeus, 1758
Species

See text.

Synonyms

Ptynx Blyth, 1840
Stryx Pallas, 1771 (unjustified emendation)

These are medium-sized to large, robustly built, powerful owls. They do not have ear tufts and most are highly nocturnal woodland birds. Most prey on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Most owls in the genus Strix can be distinguished from other genera of owls through their hooting vocalization and lack of visible ears.

The Latin genus name Strix referred to a mythical vampiric owl-monster believed to suck the blood of infants.[2] Although the genus Strix was established for the earless owls by Linnaeus in 1758, many applied the term to other owls (namely the Tyto) until the late 19th century.[3] This genus is closely related to the extinct Ornimegalonyx.

Taxonomy edit

The genus Strix was introduced by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae.[4] The type species is the tawny owl.[5] The genus name is a Latin word meaning "owl".[6]

Species edit

The genus contains 22 species:[7]

Fossil species edit

The genus Strix is well represented in the fossil record.[3] Being a fairly generic type of strigid owl, they were probably the first truly modern Strigidae to evolve. However, whether several of the species usually placed in this genus indeed belong here is uncertain.

Generally accepted in Strix are:

  • S. dakota (Early Miocene of South Dakota, USA) – tentatively placed here
  • Strix sp. (Late Miocene of Nebraska, USA)
  • Strix sp. (Late Pliocene of Rębielice Królewski, Poland) apparently similar to the great grey owl[3]
  • Strix intermedia (Early - Middle Pleistocene of EC Europe) – may be paleosubspecies of S. aluco
  • Strix brea (Late Pleistocene of SW North America) Now placed in its own genus. (See below)
  • Strix sp. (Late Pleistocene of Ladds, USA)

"Strix" wintershofensis (Early/Middle Miocene of Wintershof West, Germany) and "Strix" edwardsi (Middle Miocene of Grive-Saint-Alban, France), while being strigid owls, have not at present been reliably identified to genus; they might also belong into the European Ninox-like group.[citation needed]

"Strix" ignota (Middle Miocene of Sansan, France) is sometimes erroneously considered a nomen nudum, but this assumption is based on what appears to be a lapsus or misprint in a 1912 source.[8] It may well belong into the present genus, but this requires confirmation.[3]

"Strix" perpasta (Late Miocene – Early Pliocene of Gargano Peninsula, Italy) does not appear to belong into this genus either.[9] It is sometimes considered a junior synonym of a brown fish-owl paleosubspecies.[3]

UMMP V31030, a coracoid from Late Pliocene Rexroad Formation deposits of Kansas (USA), cannot be conclusively assigned to either the present genus or Bubo.[10]

Extinct forms formerly in Strix:

  • "Strix" antiqua – now in Prosybris
  • "Strix" brea - now Oraristrix brea
  • "Strix" brevis – now in Intutula
  • "Strix" collongensis – now in Alasio
  • "Strix" melitensis and "Strix" sanctialbani – now in Tyto
  • "Strix" murivora – male of the Rodrigues scops owl
  • "Strix" newtoni and "Strix" sauzieri – male and female of the Mauritius scops owl

References edit

  1. ^ "Strigidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  2. ^ Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 368. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  3. ^ a b c d e Mlíkovský, Jirí (2002): Cenozoic Birds of the World, Part 1: Europe 2011-05-20 at the Wayback Machine. Ninox Press, Prague. p.217
  4. ^ Linnaeus, Carl (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 92.
  5. ^ Peters, James Lee, ed. (1940). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 4. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 156.
  6. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 368. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  7. ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2021). "Owls". IOC World Bird List Version 11.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
  8. ^ Paris (1912: p.287) referred to Milne-Edwards (1869–1871: p.499) as the taxonomic authority, but the cited page only describes this owl but does not assign a specific name. However, the name Strix ignota is given on p.580 of Milne-Edwards's work referring unequivocally to the fossils described on page 499.
  9. ^ Olson, Storrs L. (1985): Section IX.C. Strigiformes. In: Farner, D. S.; King, J. R. & Parkes, Kenneth C. (eds.): Avian Biology 8: 129–132. Academic Press, New York. p.131
  10. ^ Feduccia, J. Alan; Ford, Norman L. (1970). "Some birds of prey from the Upper Pliocene of Kansas" (PDF). The Auk. 87 (4): 795–797. doi:10.2307/4083714. JSTOR 4083714.

Further reading edit

  • Milne-Edwards, Alphonse (1869–1871): Recherches anatomiques et paléontologiques pour servir à l'histoire des oiseaux fossiles de la France (Vol. 2). G. Masson, Paris.
  • Paris, P. (1912). "Oiseaux fossiles de France". Revue Française d'Ornithologie. 37: 283–298.

April 12, 2024
strix, bird, strix, genus, owls, typical, family, strigidae, generally, accepted, living, families, owls, with, other, being, barn, tytonidae, common, names, earless, owls, wood, owls, though, they, only, owls, without, tufts, wood, also, used, more, generic, . Strix is a genus of owls in the typical owl family Strigidae one of the two generally accepted living families of owls with the other being the barn owl Tytonidae Common names are earless owls or wood owls though they are not the only owls without ear tufts and wood owl is also used as a more generic name for forest dwelling owls Neotropical birds in the genus Ciccaba are sometimes included in Strix Strix owlsTemporal range Early Miocene to recentGreat grey owl Strix nebulosaScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass AvesOrder StrigiformesFamily StrigidaeGenus StrixLinnaeus 1758Type speciesStrix stridula 1 Strix alucoLinnaeus 1758SpeciesSee text SynonymsPtynx Blyth 1840Stryx Pallas 1771 unjustified emendation These are medium sized to large robustly built powerful owls They do not have ear tufts and most are highly nocturnal woodland birds Most prey on small mammals birds and reptiles Most owls in the genus Strix can be distinguished from other genera of owls through their hooting vocalization and lack of visible ears The Latin genus name Strix referred to a mythical vampiric owl monster believed to suck the blood of infants 2 Although the genus Strix was established for the earless owls by Linnaeus in 1758 many applied the term to other owls namely the Tyto until the late 19th century 3 This genus is closely related to the extinct Ornimegalonyx Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Species 2 1 Fossil species 3 References 4 Further readingTaxonomy editThe genus Strix was introduced by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae 4 The type species is the tawny owl 5 The genus name is a Latin word meaning owl 6 Species editThe genus contains 22 species 7 Spotted wood owl S seloputo Mottled wood owl S ocellata Brown wood owl S leptogrammica Tawny owl S aluco Maghreb owl S mauritanica Himalayan owl S nivicolum Desert owl S hadorami Omani owl S butleri Spotted owl S occidentalis Barred owl S varia Cinereous owl S sartorii Fulvous owl S fulvescens Rusty barred owl S hylophila Chaco owl S chacoensis Rufous legged owl S rufipes Ural owl S uralensis Great grey owl S nebulosa African wood owl S woodfordii Mottled owl S virgata Black and white owl S nigrolineata Black banded owl S huhula Rufous banded owl S albitarsisFossil species edit The genus Strix is well represented in the fossil record 3 Being a fairly generic type of strigid owl they were probably the first truly modern Strigidae to evolve However whether several of the species usually placed in this genus indeed belong here is uncertain Generally accepted in Strix are S dakota Early Miocene of South Dakota USA tentatively placed here Strix sp Late Miocene of Nebraska USA Strix sp Late Pliocene of Rebielice Krolewski Poland apparently similar to the great grey owl 3 Strix intermedia Early Middle Pleistocene of EC Europe may be paleosubspecies of S aluco Strix brea Late Pleistocene of SW North America Now placed in its own genus See below Strix sp Late Pleistocene of Ladds USA Strix wintershofensis Early Middle Miocene of Wintershof West Germany and Strix edwardsi Middle Miocene of Grive Saint Alban France while being strigid owls have not at present been reliably identified to genus they might also belong into the European Ninox like group citation needed Strix ignota Middle Miocene of Sansan France is sometimes erroneously considered a nomen nudum but this assumption is based on what appears to be a lapsus or misprint in a 1912 source 8 It may well belong into the present genus but this requires confirmation 3 Strix perpasta Late Miocene Early Pliocene of Gargano Peninsula Italy does not appear to belong into this genus either 9 It is sometimes considered a junior synonym of a brown fish owl paleosubspecies 3 UMMP V31030 a coracoid from Late Pliocene Rexroad Formation deposits of Kansas USA cannot be conclusively assigned to either the present genus or Bubo 10 Extinct forms formerly in Strix Strix antiqua now in Prosybris Strix brea now Oraristrix brea Strix brevis now in Intutula Strix collongensis now in Alasio Strix melitensis and Strix sanctialbani now in Tyto Strix murivora male of the Rodrigues scops owl Strix newtoni and Strix sauzieri male and female of the Mauritius scops owlReferences edit Strigidae aviansystematics org The Trust for Avian Systematics Retrieved 2023 07 26 Jobling James A 2010 The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names London Christopher Helm p 368 ISBN 978 1 4081 2501 4 a b c d e Mlikovsky Jiri 2002 Cenozoic Birds of the World Part 1 Europe Archived 2011 05 20 at the Wayback Machine Ninox Press Prague p 217 Linnaeus Carl 1758 Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes ordines genera species cum characteribus differentiis synonymis locis in Latin Vol 1 10th ed Holmiae Stockholm Laurentii Salvii p 92 Peters James Lee ed 1940 Check List of Birds of the World Vol 4 Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard University Press p 156 Jobling James A 2010 The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names London Christopher Helm p 368 ISBN 978 1 4081 2501 4 Gill Frank Donsker David Rasmussen Pamela eds January 2021 Owls IOC World Bird List Version 11 1 International Ornithologists Union Retrieved 24 May 2021 Paris 1912 p 287 referred to Milne Edwards 1869 1871 p 499 as the taxonomic authority but the cited page only describes this owl but does not assign a specific name However the name Strix ignota is given on p 580 of Milne Edwards s work referring unequivocally to the fossils described on page 499 Olson Storrs L 1985 Section IX C Strigiformes In Farner D S King J R amp Parkes Kenneth C eds Avian Biology 8 129 132 Academic Press New York p 131 Feduccia J Alan Ford Norman L 1970 Some birds of prey from the Upper Pliocene of Kansas PDF The Auk 87 4 795 797 doi 10 2307 4083714 JSTOR 4083714 Further reading editMilne Edwards Alphonse 1869 1871 Recherches anatomiques et paleontologiques pour servir a l histoire des oiseaux fossiles de la France Vol 2 G Masson Paris Paris P 1912 Oiseaux fossiles de France Revue Francaise d Ornithologie 37 283 298 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Strix bird amp oldid 1192985934, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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