Dutch Sign Language (Dutch: Nederlandse Gebarentaal or NGT; Sign Language of the Netherlands or SLN) is the predominant sign language used by deaf people in the Netherlands.
Dutch Sign Language
Sign Language of the Netherlands (SLN) Nederlandse Gebarentaal (NGT)
The origins of Dutch Sign Language (NGT) are traceable to Old French Sign Language (VLSF), a term for the sign language that the community of about 200 deaf Parisians used amongst themselves in the mid-18th century. The abbot Charles-Michel de l'Épée wanted to give them religious education, and thus learnt their language, after which he made some adjustments of it himself. Around 1760, he opened a school for the deaf in Paris, the predecessor of the current Institut National de Jeunes Sourds de Paris. Educators from all over Europe came to this and later French schools for the deaf in order to adopt l'Épée's teaching method, and introduce it in their own countries. Therefore, this Old French Sign Language as modified by l'Épée spread across Europe, North America and other continents and became the basis of most modern sign languages, including Dutch Sign Language. The Walloon preacher Henri Daniel Guyot [nl], born in Blegny, studied in Franeker, and preached in the Walloon church of Groningen since 1777. In 1790, he founded the Henri Daniel Guyot Instituut [nl], the first Dutch school for the deaf, after the example of l'Épée, who he had visited in France.[3]
Dialect formation in early schools for the deafedit
Education for the deaf-and-dumb in Amsterdam (1938). Pupil in front of the class feels the educator's larynx move when making sounds.
Before the standardisation of the sign language several regional variants were used in the Netherlands and the use of signs was discouraged in order to stimulate deaf people to acquire self-reliance. In the 1900–1980 period, the use of signs was prohibited in education as a consequence of the Milan Conference of 1880. Instead, the oralist method (also called the 'German method') was practiced: deaf people were instructed to learn to speak by imitating hearing people by lip reading, feeling how they used their larynx to make sounds that they were then tasked to imitate. Nevertheless, deaf people continued to use signs amongst themselves, leading to the rise of five dialects within and around the five schools for the deaf Groningen, Rotterdam, Amsterdam, Voorburg and Sint-Michielsgestel.[4]
Koninklijke Ammanstichting (1853–2002), Koninklijke Auris Groep (2002–present)
Standardisationedit
As of 1995, more and more schools for the deaf in The Netherlands teach Signed Dutch (Nederlands met Gebaren). This uses the grammar of Dutch rather than NGT.
Recognitionedit
In September 2019, D66, PvdA and CU proposed a bill of law initiative for official recognition of NGT. Since 13 October 2020 has been officially recognised.
Educationedit
There are currently five schools for deaf children in the country, with the first being built at the end of the 18th century and the rest between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. While the first school used a manual method to teach the language, signing was originally prohibited in each of the latter schools and they instead tended to use an oral method of teaching. Today, because of cochlear implants, education is consistently leaning towards oralist methods.
^Dutch Sign Language at Ethnologue (22nd ed., 2019)
^Marten van der Meulen (27 April 2018). "Hoeveel lijken Nederlandse en Vlaamse Gebarentaal op elkaar?". Neerlandistiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 14 April 2020.
^Kimmelman, Vadim (2019). Information Structure in Sign Languages: Evidence from Russian Sign Language and Sign Language of the Netherlands. Boston/Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. p. 14. ISBN9781501510045. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
^"Gebarentaal". Doof.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 19 October 2020.
"Did You Know Dutch Sign Language Is Vulnerable?" Endangered Languages. N.p., n.d. Web.
Kimmelman, V. (2014). Information structure in Russian Sign Language and Sign Language of the Netherlands (Unpublished master's thesis, 2014). Amsterdam Center for Language and Communication (ACLC).
Further readingedit
Bank, R., Crasborn, O., & van Hout, R. (2011). Variation in mouth actions with manual signs in Sign Language of the Netherlands (NGT). Sign Language & Linguistics, 14(2), 248–270.
Crasborn, O., van der Kooij, E., Ros, J., & de Hoop, H. (2009). Topic agreement in NGT (Sign Language of the Netherlands). Linguistic Review, 26(2/3), 355–370. doi:10.1515/tlir.2009.013
Crasborn, O., van der Kooij, E., Waters, D., Woll, B., & Mesch, J. (2008). Frequency distribution and spreading behavior of different types of mouth actions in three sign languages. Sign Language & Linguistics, 11(1), 45–67.
De Clerck, L., & van der Kooij, E. (2005). Modifiable and intensifier self in Dutch and Sign Language of the Netherlands. Linguistics In The Netherlands, 2261–72.
Sandler, W., & Lillo-Martin, D. (2006). Sign language and linguistic universals. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
Schermer, T. (2012). Sign Language Planning in the Netherlands between 1980 and 2010. Sign Language Studies, 12(4), 467–493.
Zwets, M. (2014). Locating the difference: A comparison between Dutch pointing gestures and pointing signs in Sign Language of the Netherlands (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Proefschrift Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor in het jaar.
External linksedit
Online Video Dictionary in Dutch - choose the "Gebaren" menu and then click on "Gebarenwoordenboek".
Online Lexicon with several methods to practice NGT in Dutch - NGT Lexicon free to search and usable with Google Translate.
Dutch Sign Language
Word play in sign language
January 19, 2024
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This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations October 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message Dutch Sign Language Dutch Nederlandse Gebarentaal or NGT Sign Language of the Netherlands or SLN is the predominant sign language used by deaf people in the Netherlands Dutch Sign LanguageSign Language of the Netherlands SLN Nederlandse Gebarentaal NGT Native toNetherlandsNative speakers15 000 2019 1 Language familyFrench Sign Dutch Sign LanguageLanguage codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code dse class extiw title iso639 3 dse dse a Glottologdutc1253ELPDutch Sign Language source source source source source source source source track track A Dutch Sign Language speaker recorded in the Netherlands Although the same spoken Dutch language is used in the Netherlands and Flanders the Dutch Sign Language NGT is not the same as Flemish Sign Language VGT They do have the late 18th century Old French Sign Language as their common ancestor but have diverged during the subsequent 200 years so that mutual intelligibility between modern users has been greatly reduced 2 Contents 1 History 1 1 Origins 1 2 Dialect formation in early schools for the deaf 1 3 Standardisation 1 4 Recognition 2 Education 3 See also 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksHistory editOrigins edit French Sign Language family treeOld French Sign Language influenced by l Epee c 1760 89 Belgian Sign Language c 1790 2000 Austro Hungarian Sign Language c 1780 1920 American Sign Language c 1820 present French Sign Language c 1790 present French Belgian Sign Language c 1970 present Flemish Sign Language c 1970 present Dutch Sign Language c 1790 present Italian Sign Language c 1830 present The origins of Dutch Sign Language NGT are traceable to Old French Sign Language VLSF a term for the sign language that the community of about 200 deaf Parisians used amongst themselves in the mid 18th century The abbot Charles Michel de l Epee wanted to give them religious education and thus learnt their language after which he made some adjustments of it himself Around 1760 he opened a school for the deaf in Paris the predecessor of the current Institut National de Jeunes Sourds de Paris Educators from all over Europe came to this and later French schools for the deaf in order to adopt l Epee s teaching method and introduce it in their own countries Therefore this Old French Sign Language as modified by l Epee spread across Europe North America and other continents and became the basis of most modern sign languages including Dutch Sign Language The Walloon preacher Henri Daniel Guyot nl born in Blegny studied in Franeker and preached in the Walloon church of Groningen since 1777 In 1790 he founded the Henri Daniel Guyot Instituut nl the first Dutch school for the deaf after the example of l Epee who he had visited in France 3 Dialect formation in early schools for the deaf edit nbsp Education for the deaf and dumb in Amsterdam 1938 Pupil in front of the class feels the educator s larynx move when making sounds Before the standardisation of the sign language several regional variants were used in the Netherlands and the use of signs was discouraged in order to stimulate deaf people to acquire self reliance In the 1900 1980 period the use of signs was prohibited in education as a consequence of the Milan Conference of 1880 Instead the oralist method also called the German method was practiced deaf people were instructed to learn to speak by imitating hearing people by lip reading feeling how they used their larynx to make sounds that they were then tasked to imitate Nevertheless deaf people continued to use signs amongst themselves leading to the rise of five dialects within and around the five schools for the deaf Groningen Rotterdam Amsterdam Voorburg and Sint Michielsgestel 4 Region Dialect forming school for the deafAmsterdam Vereniging voor Doofstommenonderwijs in Amsterdam 1910 1994 Signis 1994 2009 Kentalis 2009 present Groningen Henri Daniel Guyot Instituut 1790 2002 Koninklijke Effatha Guyot Groep 2002 2009 Sint Michielsgestel Instituut voor Doven 1814 2003 Viataal 2003 2009 Voorburg 1926 2000 Zoetermeer 1980 present Christelijk Instituut Effatha 1888 2002 Koninklijke Effatha Guyot Groep 2002 2009 Rotterdam Koninklijke Ammanstichting 1853 2002 Koninklijke Auris Groep 2002 present Standardisation edit As of 1995 more and more schools for the deaf in The Netherlands teach Signed Dutch Nederlands met Gebaren This uses the grammar of Dutch rather than NGT Recognition edit In September 2019 D66 PvdA and CU proposed a bill of law initiative for official recognition of NGT Since 13 October 2020 has been officially recognised Education editThere are currently five schools for deaf children in the country with the first being built at the end of the 18th century and the rest between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century While the first school used a manual method to teach the language signing was originally prohibited in each of the latter schools and they instead tended to use an oral method of teaching Today because of cochlear implants education is consistently leaning towards oralist methods See also editFingerspelling Legal recognition of sign languages List of sign languages Sign Language Studies journal References edit Dutch Sign Language at Ethnologue 22nd ed 2019 nbsp Marten van der Meulen 27 April 2018 Hoeveel lijken Nederlandse en Vlaamse Gebarentaal op elkaar Neerlandistiek in Dutch Retrieved 14 April 2020 Kimmelman Vadim 2019 Information Structure in Sign Languages Evidence from Russian Sign Language and Sign Language of the Netherlands Boston Berlin Walter de Gruyter p 14 ISBN 9781501510045 Retrieved 19 October 2020 Gebarentaal Doof nl in Dutch Retrieved 19 October 2020 Did You Know Dutch Sign Language Is Vulnerable Endangered Languages N p n d Web Kimmelman V 2014 Information structure in Russian Sign Language and Sign Language of the Netherlands Unpublished master s thesis 2014 Amsterdam Center for Language and Communication ACLC Further reading editBank R Crasborn O amp van Hout R 2011 Variation in mouth actions with manual signs in Sign Language of the Netherlands NGT Sign Language amp Linguistics 14 2 248 270 Crasborn O van der Kooij E Ros J amp de Hoop H 2009 Topic agreement in NGT Sign Language of the Netherlands Linguistic Review 26 2 3 355 370 doi 10 1515 tlir 2009 013 Crasborn O van der Kooij E Waters D Woll B amp Mesch J 2008 Frequency distribution and spreading behavior of different types of mouth actions in three sign languages Sign Language amp Linguistics 11 1 45 67 De Clerck L amp van der Kooij E 2005 Modifiable and intensifier self in Dutch and Sign Language of the Netherlands Linguistics In The Netherlands 2261 72 Sandler W amp Lillo Martin D 2006 Sign language and linguistic universals Cambridge Cambridge Univ Press Schermer T 2012 Sign Language Planning in the Netherlands between 1980 and 2010 Sign Language Studies 12 4 467 493 Zwets M 2014 Locating the difference A comparison between Dutch pointing gestures and pointing signs in Sign Language of the Netherlands Unpublished doctoral dissertation Proefschrift Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor in het jaar External links editOnline Video Dictionary in Dutch choose the Gebaren menu and then click on Gebarenwoordenboek Online Lexicon with several methods to practice NGT in Dutch NGT Lexicon free to search and usable with Google Translate Dutch Sign Language Word play in sign language Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dutch Sign Language amp oldid 1165166980, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
