Dryden, Ontario
Dryden, originally known as New Prospect, is the second-largest city in the Kenora District of Northwestern Ontario, Canada, located on Wabigoon Lake. It is the least populous community in Ontario incorporated as a city.[3] The City of Dryden had a population of 7,749 and its population centre (urban area) had a population of 5,586 in 2016.[1][4]
Dryden | |
|---|---|
| City of Dryden | |
Dryden Auditorium | |
Seal | |
Dryden Location in Ontario Dryden Dryden (Canada) | |
| Coordinates: 49°47′N 92°50′W / 49.783°N 92.833°WCoordinates: 49°47′N 92°50′W / 49.783°N 92.833°W | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Ontario |
| District | Kenora |
| Settled | 1895 |
| Incorporated | 1910 (town) |
| Incorporated | 1998 (city) |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Jack B. Harrison |
| • Governing Body | Dryden Council |
| • MP | Eric Melillo |
| • MPP | Greg Rickford |
| Area | |
| • Land | 66.19 km2 (25.56 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 412.7 m (1,354.0 ft) |
| Population (2021) | |
| • Total | 7,388 |
| • Density | 117.1/km2 (303/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Forward sortation area | |
| Area code | 807 |
| Website | www.dryden.ca |
Dryden was incorporated as a town in 1910 and as a city in 1998. The main industries in Dryden include manufacturing (particularly paper and pulp), renewable energy (including bioenergy and solar energy), and service. Dryden is located on Ontario's Highway 17, which forms part of the Trans-Canada Highway. It is situated halfway between the larger cities of Winnipeg and Thunder Bay.
History
Before settlement by Europeans, the Dryden area was inhabited by the Anishinaabe. They used the shore by the Wabigoon River as a camping site, calling it Paawidigong ("the place of rapids" in Ojibwe).[5] The settlement was founded as an agricultural community by John Dryden, Ontario's Minister of Agriculture in 1895. While his train was stopped at what was then known as Barclay Tank to re-water, he noticed clover growing and decided to found an experimental farm the following year. The farm's success brought settlers from southern Ontario and the community came to be known as New Prospect. In 1886, gold was discovered near the area, also attracting people. In 1897, the community was renamed to Dryden to honor the minister of agriculture. It incorporated as a town in 1910 and as a city in 1998 after merging with the neighbouring township of Barclay.[5][6][7][8]
One of the earliest industries in the area was pulp and paper. A paper mill was built in the town in 1910 because of the abundance of wood suitable for kraft pulping as well as energy from the Wabigoon River. The town came into national consciousness because of mercury contamination. In the 1970s, it became known that the Dryden pulp and paper operations discharged ten tons of mercury directly into the Wabagoon River over a span of eight years. The mercury caused persistent environmental damage, poisoned river systems and lakes, and led to members of the Grassy Narrows community suffering severe mercury poisoning known as Minamata disease.[6][9][10][11][12]
The town was also the site of the March 10, 1989 crash of Air Ontario Flight 1363 from Thunder Bay to Winnipeg, which killed 24 people.[13]
Geography and climate
Dryden is located on the Wabigoon River and Wabigoon Lake in northwestern Ontario. It borders Thunder Lake and Aaron Provincial Park on the east, and the smaller Milanese's Lakes are also located within the city. Dryden is located 340 kilometres (210 miles) northwest of Thunder Bay. Nearby communities include Wabigoon, Vermilion Bay, Kenora, and Sioux Lookout. Dryden is also near the Eagle Lake First Nation.[14][15]
Along with most of the rest of Ontario west of 90° West, Dryden is in the Central Time Zone and observes daylight saving time.[14][16]
Dryden experiences a humid continental climate (Dfb) with short, warm summers, and long, cold winters. The highest temperature ever recorded in Dryden was 39.4 °C (103 °F) on 11 July 1936. The coldest temperature ever recorded was −46.7 °C (−52 °F) on 11 February 1914.[17] Compared to the rest of the province, the annual temperature range is wider and precipitation is more concentrated in the summer.[18]
| Climate data for Dryden Regional Airport, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1914–present[a] | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 6.7 (44.1) | 11.1 (52.0) | 24.3 (75.7) | 30.6 (87.1) | 34.4 (93.9) | 37.5 (99.5) | 39.4 (102.9) | 35.6 (96.1) | 34.4 (93.9) | 26.2 (79.2) | 20.6 (69.1) | 8.9 (48.0) | 39.4 (102.9) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −11.6 (11.1) | −7.3 (18.9) | −0.1 (31.8) | 8.8 (47.8) | 16.9 (62.4) | 21.7 (71.1) | 24.3 (75.7) | 23.1 (73.6) | 16.5 (61.7) | 8.2 (46.8) | −1.6 (29.1) | −9.1 (15.6) | 7.5 (45.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −16.8 (1.8) | −12.7 (9.1) | −5.8 (21.6) | 3.0 (37.4) | 10.8 (51.4) | 16.2 (61.2) | 18.9 (66.0) | 17.8 (64.0) | 11.7 (53.1) | 4.2 (39.6) | −5.2 (22.6) | −13.5 (7.7) | 2.4 (36.3) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −21.9 (−7.4) | −18.1 (−0.6) | −11.5 (11.3) | −2.8 (27.0) | 4.7 (40.5) | 10.5 (50.9) | 13.4 (56.1) | 12.4 (54.3) | 6.8 (44.2) | 0.3 (32.5) | −8.8 (16.2) | −17.8 (0.0) | −2.7 (27.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −46.1 (−51.0) | −46.7 (−52.1) | −41.1 (−42.0) | −32.7 (−26.9) | −12.8 (9.0) | −3.3 (26.1) | 1.1 (34.0) | −1.1 (30.0) | −6.1 (21.0) | −17.2 (1.0) | −36.1 (−33.0) | −42.2 (−44.0) | −46.7 (−52.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 26.5 (1.04) | 20.0 (0.79) | 29.9 (1.18) | 39.6 (1.56) | 73.4 (2.89) | 115.2 (4.54) | 103.1 (4.06) | 83.7 (3.30) | 88.9 (3.50) | 63.6 (2.50) | 46.7 (1.84) | 29.1 (1.15) | 719.7 (28.33) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 0.2 (0.01) | 2.1 (0.08) | 6.7 (0.26) | 24.7 (0.97) | 69.2 (2.72) | 115.2 (4.54) | 103.1 (4.06) | 83.5 (3.29) | 87.7 (3.45) | 49.2 (1.94) | 13.0 (0.51) | 1.2 (0.05) | 555.8 (21.88) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 30.1 (11.9) | 19.9 (7.8) | 25.1 (9.9) | 13.9 (5.5) | 3.4 (1.3) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 1.1 (0.4) | 14.6 (5.7) | 35.3 (13.9) | 31.1 (12.2) | 174.7 (68.8) |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 15:00 LST) | 75.5 | 69.1 | 59.3 | 46.5 | 45.6 | 51.5 | 53.5 | 54.6 | 60.3 | 66.4 | 75.7 | 78.5 | 61.4 |
| Source: Environment Canada[2][17][19][20] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 140 | — |
| 1911 | 715 | +410.7% |
| 1921 | 1,019 | +42.5% |
| 1931 | 1,326 | +30.1% |
| 1941 | 1,641 | +23.8% |
| 1951 | 2,627 | +60.1% |
| 1961 | 5,728 | +118.0% |
| 1971 | 6,939 | +21.1% |
| 1981 | 6,640 | −4.3% |
| 1991 | 6,505 | −2.0% |
| 1996 | 6,711 | +3.2% |
| 2001 | 8,198 | +22.2% |
| 2006 | 8,195 | −0.0% |
| 2011 | 7,617 | −7.1% |
| 2016 | 7,749 | +1.7% |
| 2021 | 7,388 | −4.7% |
| Population figures for 2001 onwards are for the amalgamated City of Dryden. Population figures before 2001 are for the former Town of Dryden. | ||
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Dryden had a population of 7,388 living in 3,314 of its 3,574 total private dwellings, a change of -4.7% from its 2016 population of 7,749. With a land area of 65.58 km2 (25.32 sq mi), it had a population density of 112.7/km2 (291.8/sq mi) in 2021.[21]
The population centre, or urban area, of Dryden had a population of 5,586 in the 2016 census, a 0.9% increase from 2011. The median value of dwellings in the urban area is CA$150,505, significantly lower than the national median of $341,556. The median household income (after-tax) in Dryden is $58,624, almost on par with the national average at $61,348.[4]
The city's population peaked at 8,198 measured in the 2001 Canadian Census and is slowly declining due to lack of support for an aging population and high taxes.[22] 21% of the population was 65 years and over as of the 2016 census compared to 16.7% in the entirely of Ontario. The median age of 46.2 was nearly 5 years older than the provincial median of 41.3.[1][23]
In 2016, approximately 1,465 residents (19.3%) considered themselves to have an Aboriginal identity. 220 residents (2.9%) belonged to a visible minority group (i.e. people who are not Aboriginal and "non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour"). The largest group was Filipino, representing about 80 residents (1% of the population).[1]
In the 2011 National Household Survey, 4,970 residents (66.8% of the respondents) stated that they were Christian, while 2,455 (33.0%) did not affiliate with any religion. 0.1% identified as Buddhist, while a further 0.1% practised traditional Aboriginal spirituality.[24]
| 2021 | 2016 | 2011 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 7,388 (-4.7% from 2016) | 7,749 (1.7% from 2011) | 7,617 (-7.1% from 2006) |
| Land area | 65.58 km2 (25.32 sq mi) | 66.19 km2 (25.56 sq mi) | 65.84 km2 (25.42 sq mi) |
| Population density | 112.7/km2 (292/sq mi) | 117.1/km2 (303/sq mi) | 115.7/km2 (300/sq mi) |
| Median age | 48 (M: 47.2, F: 48.8) | 46.2 (M: 45.5, F: 46.7) | 45.0 (M: 44.7, F: 45.4) |
| Total private dwellings | 3,315 | 3,541 | 3,417 |
| Median household income | $58,624 | $54,577 |
Arts and culture
Dryden is home to the 5.6-metre (18 ft) tall "Max the Moose" statue on the Trans-Canada Highway, which has been described as the "mascot" of the city. It was built in 1962, out of a metal frame and concrete plaster.[30][31][32]
Several annual music concerts are held featuring local musicians. "Come Together" is an annual December 27 or 28th concert, and "Kickin' Country" is a mid April country show. Both featuring local acts. The "Blue Moon Festival" is a daylong event that is held on or near a blue moon calendar event in the summer months.
Dryden is home to a variety of arts groups. "Theatre 17" is a community theatre group under the direction of Judith Hamilton that stages theatrical productions, including Noises Off and Tony and Tina's Wedding. The DRAC (Dryden Regional Arts Council) is an artists group that organizes yearly art tours, art shows and also operates a retail store known as Naked North Art Gallery. The Dryden Community Band is a group of musicians who perform under conductor Ryan Graham.
Government
Dryden is currently part of the provincial electoral district of Kenora—Rainy River. Kenora—Rainy River's Member of Provincial Parliament has been Greg Rickford, a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, since 2018. He was preceded by Sarah Campbell and Howard Hampton, both of the New Democratic Party.[33] Federally, the city is part of the Kenora riding, which has been represented by Eric Melillo, a Conservative, since 2019.[34] He was preceded by the Liberal Bob Nault and the aforementioned Greg Rickford.[35][36]
The city council is composed of six councillors and a mayor. As with the rest of Ontario, municipal elections occur every 4 years.[37] Currently, Dryden's mayor is Greg Wilson, elected 2018.[38] Previous mayors of Dryden have included Craig Nuttall (elected in 2010 and 2014), Anne Krassilowsky (elected in 2002 and 2006), and Roger Valley in the 1990s.[39][40][41]
Paper industry
The Dryden pulp mill, also known as the Reed Mill, is a paper and pulp mill in Dryden, Ontario. During the 1960s and 70s, mercury poisoning from the mill caused one of Canada's worst environmental disasters: Dryden Chemicals Ltd dumped mercury into the English-Wabigoon River, upstream of Grassy Narrows First Nation, poisoning the fish which were their staple food.[42] Members of the Grassy Narrows and the Whitedog communities downstream from the mill suffered severe mercury poisoning.[43]
The first iteration of the mill was initially built by Charles and Grant Gordon in 1909 on the west side of the Wabigoon River[44] From the early twentieth century to the twenty-first century, the forest industry has played a significant role in Dryden's economy.[45]
In 2019, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that Weyerhaeuser Company and Resolute Forest Products—previously known as Abitibi-Consolidated—are responsible for remediating the mercury contamination.[46] The environmental poisoning continues to cause significant health problems for the First Nations communities downstream.[46][47] The Government of Canada is building a $20 million clinic to treat the First Nations "suffering from mercury poisoning".[48]
Since a USD$520 purchase of the mill by Domtar from Weyerhaeuser, in 2007 the mill has produced Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft pulp product.
Infrastructure and services
This section needs additional citations for verification. (September 2021) |
The city is served by Dryden Regional Airport. Currently, Bearskin Airlines operates services from Dryden to various other airports in the area, including Thunder Bay International Airport and Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport. The Dryden Water Aerodrome is located within the city limits, on Wabigoon Lake.
Dryden is located on Ontario Highway 17, part of the Trans-Canada Highway, between Winnipeg and Thunder Bay. Several secondary highways pass through or near the city:
- Highway 502, with northern terminus just west of Dryden and southern terminous at Highway 11 near Fort Frances
- Highway 594, with eastern terminus at Dryden, connecting to Eagle River and Highway 17
- Highway 601, providing access to Dryden Regional Airport
- Highway 665, with southern terminus just north of Dryden, linking to Richan
The Dryden Regional Health Centre is a small hospital in Dryden, founded in 1952. It employs 300 staff and volunteers.[49]
Dryden is within the jurisdiction of the Keewatin-Patricia District School Board. It is home to Dryden High School, a secondary school, as well as New Prospect Public School and Open Roads Public School, both elementary schools.[50] St. Joseph's School, a catholic school, is also in Dryden.[51] Along with several other Northwest Ontarian communities, Dryden is home to a campus of Confederation College, whose main campus is in Thunder Bay.[52]
The Dryden Fire Service, a volunteer fire department, operates out of two fire stations and responds to about 250 incidents annually. It was established in 1908 with Alex Kennedy as Fire Chief.[53] They also raise public awareness about fire safety.[54] The service comprises five full-time staff and around forty volunteers.[55] The City of Dryden also operates a landfill and recycling facility.[56]
Media
Dryden is currently served by several radio stations, including:
- 92.7 FM - CKDR, adult contemporary[57]
- 100.9 FM - CBQH, CBC Radio One, repeats CBQT-FM Thunder Bay[58][59]
- 102.7 FM - CKSB-6, Ici Radio-Canada Première, repeats CKSB-10-FM Winnipeg[60][61]
- 104.5 FM - CKQV-1, classic hits, repeats CKQV-FM Vermilion Bay, brands itself as Q104[62]
Dryden previously had a community newspaper, The Dryden Observer, originally known as the Wabigoon Star, but it stopped publishing in 2019. The mayor of Dryden noted that the newspaper had provided a local sense of identity.[63] CKQV operates an online local news source called DrydenNow, and CKDR also has a news division.[64][65]
Notable people
- Lynn Beyak (born 1949), former Canadian Senator
- Molly Bolin (born 1957), former professional basketball player
- Wayne Muloin (born 1941), former professional ice hockey player
- Patricia O'Callaghan (born 1970), opera singer
- Dennis Owchar (born 1953), former professional ice hockey player
- Chris Pronger (born 1974), former professional ice hockey player, 2000 Hart Trophy and Norris Trophy winner, 2006-2007 Stanley Cup champion, 2015 Hockey Hall of Fame inductee and brother of Sean Pronger
- Sean Pronger (born 1972), former professional ice hockey player
- Roger Valley (born 1957), former mayor of Dryden and former member of the House of Commons of Canada
References
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- ^ a b "Dryden A". Canadian Climate Normals. Environment Canada. 31 October 2011. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
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- ^ "Putting the 'town' back into Dryden, Ont". CBC News. 2019-08-22. Retrieved 2021-04-25.
- ^ Johnston, Gwen (June 2014). "100 years and beyond – Dryden Mill". The Forestry Chronicle. 90 (3): 338–346. doi:10.5558/tfc2014-067. ISSN 0015-7546.
- ^ "Canada, Ontario Need to Address Toxic Legacy". Human Rights Watch. 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2021-04-29.
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- ^ "Ontario knew about Grassy Narrows mercury site for decades, but kept it secret". thestar.com. 2017-11-11. Retrieved 2021-04-29.
- ^ Walters, Jeff (2019-03-11). "Dryden Air Crash still raw in rescuer's minds thirty years later". CBC News. from the original on 2019-03-11. Retrieved 2021-04-29.
- ^ a b Geomatics Office, Ministry of Transportation (2020). Official Road Map of Ontario (PDF) (Map). 1:1,600,000. Publications Ontario. ISBN 978-1-4868-4527-9.
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- ^ "Law Document English View". Ontario.ca. 2014-07-24. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
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- ^ "Dryden A (Aut)". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. 31 October 2011. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
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- ^ "2016 Community Profiles". 2016 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. August 12, 2021. Retrieved 2017-03-15.
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- ^ McCarthy, Sarah (17 August 2020). "VIDEO: Dryden's Max the Moose gets Masked". CKDR-FM. Retrieved 2021-10-12.
- ^ "Max the Moose". www.dryden.ca. 13 July 2021. Retrieved 2021-10-13.
- ^ Atter, Heidi (21 January 2019). "'We were the first': Moose Jaw, Norway just battling for 2nd says Ontario home of the original largest moose". CBC News. Retrieved 2021-10-13.
- ^ "Data Explorer". Elections Ontario. from the original on 2021-09-11.
- ^ Elections Canada (2020). The 43rd Parliament (PDF) (Map). Elections Canada. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
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- ^ "Municipal Elections | AMO". www.amo.on.ca. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
- ^ "Mayor and Council". City of Dryden. Retrieved June 7, 2019.
- ^ "Official Results: 2014 City of Dryden Municipal Elections" (PDF). City of Dryden. 2014-10-29. (PDF) from the original on 2018-07-05. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
- ^ Williams, Garett (2010). . Lake of the Woods Enterprise. Archived from the original on 2011-07-13.
- ^ "Roger Valley In The Running To Become Mayor Of Dryden". CKDR. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
- ^ Porter, Jody (2016). "Children of the poisoned river". CBC News. Retrieved March 3, 2021.
- ^ Kinghorn, April; Solomon, Patricia; Chan, Hing Man (January 1, 2007). "Temporal and spatial trends of mercury in fish collected in the English–Wabigoon river system in Ontario, Canada". Science of the Total Environment. 372 (2): 615–623. Bibcode:2007ScTEn.372..615K. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.10.049. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 17161450. Retrieved March 6, 2021.
- ^ "History of Dryden Paper Mill: Original Construction of the first paper mill in 1909". Dryden High School Online. DHS History Project. Retrieved October 25, 2009.
- ^ Dryden Ontario,2009 manufacture in Dryden Archived 2009-08-18 at archive.today
- ^ a b "Supreme Court rules companies are responsible for cleanup of Grassy Narrows site". Global News. December 6, 2019. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
- ^ Philibert, Aline; Fillion, Myriam; Mergler, Donna (April 1, 2020). "Mercury exposure and premature mortality in the Grassy Narrows First Nation community: a retrospective longitudinal study". The Lancet Planetary Health. 4 (4): –141–e148. doi:10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30057-7. ISSN 2542-5196. PMID 32353294.
- ^ Aiken, Mike (October 9, 2020). "New chief at Grassy Narrows". Kenora on Line. Retrieved March 5, 2021.
- ^ DRHC (2012-04-24). "About Our Health Centre | Dryden Regional Health Centre". Retrieved 2021-09-11.
- ^ "Schools - Keewatin Patricia District School Board". www.kpdsb.on.ca. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
- ^ "Schools - The Northwest Catholic District School Board". www.tncdsb.on.ca. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
- ^ "Dryden Campus". Confederation College. 2011-10-28. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
- ^ "About Us". www.dryden.ca. 2021-01-05. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
- ^ "Fire Safety and Education". www.dryden.ca. 2020-11-26. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
- ^ "2019 Annual Report" (PDF). 2019. (PDF) from the original on 2020-04-06. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
- ^ "Garbage and Recycling". www.dryden.ca. 2021-01-06. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
- ^ "CKDR - Dryden". Acadia Broadcasting. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
- ^ "FCCdata.org - powered by REC". fccdata.org. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
- ^ "CBQT-FM | History of Canadian Broadcasting". www.broadcasting-history.ca. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
- ^ "FCCdata.org - powered by REC". fccdata.org. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
- ^ "CKSB-FM-10 | History of Canadian Broadcasting". www.broadcasting-history.ca. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
- ^ "CKQV-FM | History of Canadian Broadcasting". www.broadcasting-history.ca. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
- ^ Walters, Jeff (2019-07-05). "Dryden Observer, Northern Sun News cease publication". CBC News. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
- ^ "Meet the Team - DrydenNow: Dryden, Ontario's latest news, sports, weather, community events". drydennow.com. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
- ^ "News". CKDR. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
- ^ Extreme high and low temperatures were recorded at Dryden from January 1914 to December 1969 and at Dryden Airport from January 1970 to present.
External links
- Official website