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Drisht

May 19, 2023

For the castle, see Drisht Castle.

Drisht (definite Albanian form: Drishti) is a village, former bishopric and Latin titular see (Roman Catholic Diocese of Drivasto) with an Ancient and notable medieval history (Latin Drivastum, Italian Drivasto) in Albania, 6 km from Mes Bridge (Albanian: Ura e Mesit). It is located in the former municipality Postribë in the Shkodër County.[1] At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Shkodër.[2] The ruined 13th Century Drisht Castle is on a hilltop 300m above sea level. The ruins of the castle itself contains the remains of 11 houses, and below the ruins of the castle, and above the modern village of Drisht are further archeological remains of late-Roman and medieval Drivastum.

Drisht
Village
Drisht
Coordinates: 42°7′23″N 19°35′29″E / 42.12306°N 19.59139°E / 42.12306; 19.59139Coordinates: 42°7′23″N 19°35′29″E / 42.12306°N 19.59139°E / 42.12306; 19.59139
Country Albania
CountyShkodër
MunicipalityShkodër
Municipal unitPostribë
Elevation
300 m (1,000 ft)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)

Name

The name of the settlement was recorded in Latin as Drivastum. Albanian Drisht derives from Drivastum through Albanian phonetic changes,[3] however it has been noted that the accentual pattern found in Drísht < Drívastum presupposes an Adriatic "Illyrian" intermediary.[4][5]

History

The settlement of Drivastum is known to have existed before the tenth century AD. The Diocese of Drivastum became a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Antivari in 1089, after it was transferred from the Archdiocese of Ragusa.[6]

In 1081—1116 Drivastum belonged to the kingdom of Duklja.[7] In 1183, Serbian Stefan Nemanja conquered Drivast and its surroundings.

In 1241, the city was plundered by the Mongols under Subutai, as they were advancing east across Zeta, while heading home. Scholars estimate that Drivast was taken by the Balšići ca. spring of 1362. However, it is known that by 1363, they had captured Drivast and nearby Scutari.

In 1393, Đurađ II Balšić, having negotiated his freedom from Ottoman captivity, submitted to the Great Sultan's suzerainty and surrendered Drivast, Sveti Srđ and Scutari. However, Đurađ soon ended his vassalage to the Ottomans and reconquered the cities he had surrendered mere months before. In 1395, knowing he could not outlast an Ottoman attack, he handed these cities, including Drivast, to dogal Venice in exchange for 1,000 ducats yearly.

In 1399, the townspeople in Drivasto (the city's new Italian name) and Scutari started a revolt against Venice, angered at the high taxes they were paying. The revolt lasted for three years, when Venetian troops managed to control the situation. However, the areas surrounding Drivast and Scutari no longer recognized Venetian authority.

Angered by Venice's policy on his former lands and its trade monopoly policy that caused an economic stagnation in his ports, Đurađ II sent troops to his former lands, including Drivast, breaking his peace treaty with Venice. Đurađ's actions led to Venice believing that he had a major role in the uprising's initiation. Scholars are unsure whether this accusation is accurate. The Turks also decided to send raiding parties to these rebellious lands.

In 1423 Đurađ Branković conquered Drivast and annexed it to Serbian Despotate. Supported by Ottomans, Gojčin Crnojević and Little Tanush Dukagjin, Maramonte plundered region around Scutari and Ulcinj and attacked Drivast in 1429, but failed to capture it.[8]

In August 1442, Venice took Drivast from Serbian Despot Đurađ Branković. Native citizens of Drivast were hostile toward advances of Albanians and Serbs so they accepted Venetian suzerainty only under condition that Venice wouldn't employ Albanian pronoiers and to return to the city land Serbian despot gave to Serbs.[9]

In 1447, Skanderbeg demanded from the Venetians to give control over Drivast to him, along with the lands which earlier belonged to Lekë Zakarija. However, the Venetians refused to accept his demands and Skanderbeg started the war against Venice.

In March 1451 Lekë Dukagjini and Božidar Dushmani planned to attack Venetian controlled Drivast.[10] Their plot was discovered and Božidar was forced to exile.[11]

In September 1478, Drivast was captured by the Ottomans.

Ecclesiastical History

Main article: Roman Catholic Diocese of Drivasto

The bishopric was founded around 400 AD, as a suffragan of its Late Roman province Dalmatia Superior's capital Doclea's Metropolitan bishop.

Drivastum became a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Antivari in 1089, after it was transferred from the Archdiocese of Ragusa.[12] The townspeople of Drivast murdered one of their bishops in the thirteenth century.

The residential see was suppressed in 1650, its territory being merged into the Diocese of Shkodrë (in Albania).

Titular see

In 1933 the diocese was nominally restored as Latin Titular bishopric of Drivastum (Drivasto in Curiate Italian).

It has had the following incumbents, of the fitting episcopal (lowest) rank with two archiepiscopal (intermediary) exceptions :

  • Cipriano Cassini (趙信義), Jesuits (S.J.) (1936.12.23 – 1946.04.11)
  • Daniel Liston, Holy Ghost Fathers (C.S.Sp.) (1947.03.13 – 1949.12.19)
  • João Floriano Loewenau, Friars Minor (O.F.M.) (1950.09.08 – 1979.06.04)
  • Rafael Barraza Sánchez (1979.10.26 – 1981.10.19)
  • Titular Archbishop Traian Crisan (1981.12.07 – 1990.11.06)
  • Bruno Bertagna (1990.12.15 – 2007.02.15) (later Archbishop)
  • Titular Archbishop Bruno Bertagna (2007.02.15 – 2013.10.31)
  • Paul Tighe (2015.12.19 – ...), Adjunct Secretary of Pontifical Council for Culture, Member of Vatican Media Committee

Modern Drisht

The population of modern Drisht is predominantly Muslim and Albanian speaking.[13] Drisht is accessible by a 4x4 or by walking.[14]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Location of Drisht". Retrieved June 15, 2010.
  2. ^ "Law nr. 115/2014" (PDF) (in Albanian). pp. 6374–6375. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  3. ^ Demiraj 2006, pp. 145–146.
  4. ^ Huld 1986, p. 250.
  5. ^ Matzinger 2009, pp. 25–26.
  6. ^ Historical dictionary of Albania - Page 118 Robert Elsie - 2010 "DRISHT. Archeological site, medieval fortress, and village in the mountains above the Kir valley east of Shkodra. In the ninth century, Drisht (medieval Drivastum,..."
  7. ^ Bogdanović, Dimitrije (1990). Knjiga o Kosovu: razgovori o Kosovu (in Serbian). Književne novine. p. 36. ISBN 9788639101947. Retrieved 21 January 2012. У доба највеће проширености дукљанске српске државе под Бодином (1081-1116) њеним границама је била обухваћена читава данашња северна Албанија, ...северно од Дрима, али и пространа облас јужно од Дрима укључујући све мале градове у скадарским жупама (Балеч, Дриваст, Сард, Дањ, Сапа, Шаст, Св. Срђ и Влах)
  8. ^ Ćorović, Vladimir (13 January 2014). Istorija srpskog naroda. eBook Portal. p. 340. GGKEY:XPENWQLDTZF. Са турском помоћу кренуо је Марамонте крајем 1429. год. на Зету и похарао околину Скадра и Улциња. Напао је и Дриваст, и заузео му је подграђе, али самог града није освојио. У тим борбама учествовали су на његовој страни Гојчин Црнојевић и Мали Тануш из племена Дукађуна. Млеци су уценили Марамонтову главу са 500 дуката. Деспот га је међутим онемогућио код самих Турака.
  9. ^ Božić 1979, p. 290

    Старо градско становништво романског порекла, јако непријатељски расположено према продирању Словена и Албанаца, придружило ce Млечанима 1442. под условом да не дозволе Албанцима да ту стичу проније и да ce земље устушвене Србима за време деспотове власти врате „општини". Република није могла да изврши сва обећања пошто су политичке мене доводиле до успона нових верних поданика
  10. ^ Schmitt, Oliver Jens (2001), Das venezianische Albanien (1392-1479), München: R. Oldenbourg Verlag GmbH München, p. 308, ISBN 3-486-56569--9, retrieved 17 January 2012, Die eigene Herrschaft im Norden war nicht ungefährdet, wie die Aufdeckung eines Anschlags Božidar Dushmans und Leka Dukagjins gegen Drivasto erwies (Marz 1451),..
  11. ^ Bešić, Zarij M. (1970). Istorija Črne Gore, Volume 2, Part 2 (in Serbian). Titograd: Redakcija za istoriju Črne Gore. Retrieved 17 January 2012. У Дривасту je окупљао млетачке противнике Божидар Душман и, у спрези с Леком Дукађином, припремао побуну у граду и по селима. Завјера je откривена и Bијеће четрдесеторице осудило га je у марту 1451. год. на тридесетогодишње изгнанство с Млетачких поседа у Албанији
  12. ^ Historical dictionary of Albania - Page 118 Robert Elsie - 2010 "DRISHT. Archeological site, medieval fortress, and village in the mountains above the Kir valley east of Shkodra. ..."
  13. ^ Great Britain. Naval Intelligence Division, Sir John Linton Myres, Harold St. John Loyd Winterbotham - 1945 The tribesmen speak Albanian, but there have been Serbian immigrants. The whole district is backward, and suffered ... (12) DRISHTI (Drisht) is a bajrak of the Postriba (53) group or district. It is almost entirely Moslem and occupies ..."
  14. ^ Albania: The Bradt Travel Guide - Page 160 Gillian Gloyer - 2008 "Drishti is reached along a track on the other side of the bridge from the good road; it is driveable, in a 4x4 vehicle, but it might be as quick to walk. LEZHA Telephone code: 0215 Albanians are always very keen for foreigners to visit .."

Sources and external links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Drisht.
  • Shala-Peli, Teuta (2014). Drishti në Mesjetë [Drisht in the Middle Ages] (Thesis). Academy of Sciences of Albania-Center of Albanological Studies.
  • Božić, Ivan (1979). Nemirno pomorje XV veka (in Serbian). Belgrade: Srpska književna zadruga. OCLC 5845972. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
  • Demiraj, Shaban (2006). The origin of the Albanians: linguistically investigated. Tirana: Academy of Sciences of Albania. ISBN 978-99943-817-1-5.
  • Huld, Martin E. (1986). "Accentual Stratification of Ancient Greek Loanwords in Albanian". Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (GmbH & Co. KG). 99 (2): 245–253. JSTOR 40848841.
  • Matzinger, Joachim (2009). "Shqiptarët si pasardhës të ilirëve nga këndvështrimi i gjuhësisë historike". In Schmitt, Oliver Jens; Frantz, Eva Anne (eds.). Historia e Shqiptarëve: Gjendja dhe perspektivat e studimeve (in Albanian). Translated by Pandeli Pani and Artan Puto. Botime Përpjekja. pp. 13–39. ISBN 978-99943-0-254-3.
  • GCatholic with incumbent bio links
External links
  • Photo of the ruined castle "Drisht, Drishti" (in Albanian). {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)

Further reading

  • Ippen, Theodor (1900), "Stari spomenici u Albaniji", Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u Bosni i Hercegovini, Zbirka povjesti, vol. 12, Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary: Zemaljska štamparija, pp. 511–531

May 19, 2023
drisht, castle, castle, definite, albanian, form, village, former, bishopric, latin, titular, roman, catholic, diocese, drivasto, with, ancient, notable, medieval, history, latin, drivastum, italian, drivasto, albania, from, bridge, albanian, mesit, located, f. For the castle see Drisht Castle Drisht definite Albanian form Drishti is a village former bishopric and Latin titular see Roman Catholic Diocese of Drivasto with an Ancient and notable medieval history Latin Drivastum Italian Drivasto in Albania 6 km from Mes Bridge Albanian Ura e Mesit It is located in the former municipality Postribe in the Shkoder County 1 At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Shkoder 2 The ruined 13th Century Drisht Castle is on a hilltop 300m above sea level The ruins of the castle itself contains the remains of 11 houses and below the ruins of the castle and above the modern village of Drisht are further archeological remains of late Roman and medieval Drivastum DrishtVillageDrishtCoordinates 42 7 23 N 19 35 29 E 42 12306 N 19 59139 E 42 12306 19 59139 Coordinates 42 7 23 N 19 35 29 E 42 12306 N 19 59139 E 42 12306 19 59139Country AlbaniaCountyShkoderMunicipalityShkoderMunicipal unitPostribeElevation300 m 1 000 ft Time zoneUTC 1 CET Summer DST UTC 2 CEST Contents 1 Name 2 History 3 Ecclesiastical History 3 1 Titular see 4 Modern Drisht 5 See also 6 References 7 Sources and external links 8 Further readingName EditThe name of the settlement was recorded in Latin as Drivastum Albanian Drisht derives from Drivastum through Albanian phonetic changes 3 however it has been noted that the accentual pattern found in Drisht lt Drivastum presupposes an Adriatic Illyrian intermediary 4 5 History EditThe settlement of Drivastum is known to have existed before the tenth century AD The Diocese of Drivastum became a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Antivari in 1089 after it was transferred from the Archdiocese of Ragusa 6 In 1081 1116 Drivastum belonged to the kingdom of Duklja 7 In 1183 Serbian Stefan Nemanja conquered Drivast and its surroundings In 1241 the city was plundered by the Mongols under Subutai as they were advancing east across Zeta while heading home Scholars estimate that Drivast was taken by the Balsici ca spring of 1362 However it is known that by 1363 they had captured Drivast and nearby Scutari In 1393 Đurađ II Balsic having negotiated his freedom from Ottoman captivity submitted to the Great Sultan s suzerainty and surrendered Drivast Sveti Srđ and Scutari However Đurađ soon ended his vassalage to the Ottomans and reconquered the cities he had surrendered mere months before In 1395 knowing he could not outlast an Ottoman attack he handed these cities including Drivast to dogal Venice in exchange for 1 000 ducats yearly In 1399 the townspeople in Drivasto the city s new Italian name and Scutari started a revolt against Venice angered at the high taxes they were paying The revolt lasted for three years when Venetian troops managed to control the situation However the areas surrounding Drivast and Scutari no longer recognized Venetian authority Angered by Venice s policy on his former lands and its trade monopoly policy that caused an economic stagnation in his ports Đurađ II sent troops to his former lands including Drivast breaking his peace treaty with Venice Đurađ s actions led to Venice believing that he had a major role in the uprising s initiation Scholars are unsure whether this accusation is accurate The Turks also decided to send raiding parties to these rebellious lands In 1423 Đurađ Brankovic conquered Drivast and annexed it to Serbian Despotate Supported by Ottomans Gojcin Crnojevic and Little Tanush Dukagjin Maramonte plundered region around Scutari and Ulcinj and attacked Drivast in 1429 but failed to capture it 8 In August 1442 Venice took Drivast from Serbian Despot Đurađ Brankovic Native citizens of Drivast were hostile toward advances of Albanians and Serbs so they accepted Venetian suzerainty only under condition that Venice wouldn t employ Albanian pronoiers and to return to the city land Serbian despot gave to Serbs 9 In 1447 Skanderbeg demanded from the Venetians to give control over Drivast to him along with the lands which earlier belonged to Leke Zakarija However the Venetians refused to accept his demands and Skanderbeg started the war against Venice In March 1451 Leke Dukagjini and Bozidar Dushmani planned to attack Venetian controlled Drivast 10 Their plot was discovered and Bozidar was forced to exile 11 In September 1478 Drivast was captured by the Ottomans Ecclesiastical History EditMain article Roman Catholic Diocese of Drivasto The bishopric was founded around 400 AD as a suffragan of its Late Roman province Dalmatia Superior s capital Doclea s Metropolitan bishop Drivastum became a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Antivari in 1089 after it was transferred from the Archdiocese of Ragusa 12 The townspeople of Drivast murdered one of their bishops in the thirteenth century The residential see was suppressed in 1650 its territory being merged into the Diocese of Shkodre in Albania Titular see Edit In 1933 the diocese was nominally restored as Latin Titular bishopric of Drivastum Drivasto in Curiate Italian It has had the following incumbents of the fitting episcopal lowest rank with two archiepiscopal intermediary exceptions Cipriano Cassini 趙信義 Jesuits S J 1936 12 23 1946 04 11 Daniel Liston Holy Ghost Fathers C S Sp 1947 03 13 1949 12 19 Joao Floriano Loewenau Friars Minor O F M 1950 09 08 1979 06 04 Rafael Barraza Sanchez 1979 10 26 1981 10 19 Titular Archbishop Traian Crisan 1981 12 07 1990 11 06 Bruno Bertagna 1990 12 15 2007 02 15 later Archbishop Titular Archbishop Bruno Bertagna 2007 02 15 2013 10 31 Paul Tighe 2015 12 19 Adjunct Secretary of Pontifical Council for Culture Member of Vatican Media CommitteeModern Drisht EditThe population of modern Drisht is predominantly Muslim and Albanian speaking 13 Drisht is accessible by a 4x4 or by walking 14 See also EditStatutes of DrivastoReferences Edit Location of Drisht Retrieved June 15 2010 Law nr 115 2014 PDF in Albanian pp 6374 6375 Retrieved 25 February 2022 Demiraj 2006 pp 145 146 Huld 1986 p 250 Matzinger 2009 pp 25 26 Historical dictionary of Albania Page 118 Robert Elsie 2010 DRISHT Archeological site medieval fortress and village in the mountains above the Kir valley east of Shkodra In the ninth century Drisht medieval Drivastum Bogdanovic Dimitrije 1990 Knjiga o Kosovu razgovori o Kosovu in Serbian Knjizevne novine p 36 ISBN 9788639101947 Retrieved 21 January 2012 U doba naјveћe proshirenosti dukљanske srpske drzhave pod Bodinom 1081 1116 њenim granicama јe bila obuhvaћena chitava danashњa severna Albaniјa severno od Drima ali i prostrana oblas јuzhno od Drima ukљuchuјuћi sve male gradove u skadarskim zhupama Balech Drivast Sard Daњ Sapa Shast Sv Srђ i Vlah Corovic Vladimir 13 January 2014 Istorija srpskog naroda eBook Portal p 340 GGKEY XPENWQLDTZF Sa turskom pomoћu krenuo јe Maramonte kraјem 1429 god na Zetu i poharao okolinu Skadra i Ulciњa Napao јe i Drivast i zauzeo mu јe podgraђe ali samog grada niјe osvoјio U tim borbama uchestvovali su na њegovoј strani Goјchin Crnoјeviћ i Mali Tanush iz plemena Dukaђuna Mleci su ucenili Maramontovu glavu sa 500 dukata Despot ga јe meђutim onemoguћio kod samih Turaka Bozic 1979 p 290Staro gradsko stanovnishtvo romanskog porekla јako nepriјateљski raspolozheno prema prodiraњu Slovena i Albanaca pridruzhilo ce Mlechanima 1442 pod uslovom da ne dozvole Albancima da tu stichu proniјe i da ce zemљe ustushvene Srbima za vreme despotove vlasti vrate opshtini Republika niјe mogla da izvrshi sva obeћaњa poshto su politichke mene dovodile do uspona novih vernih podanika Schmitt Oliver Jens 2001 Das venezianische Albanien 1392 1479 Munchen R Oldenbourg Verlag GmbH Munchen p 308 ISBN 3 486 56569 9 retrieved 17 January 2012 Die eigene Herrschaft im Norden war nicht ungefahrdet wie die Aufdeckung eines Anschlags Bozidar Dushmans und Leka Dukagjins gegen Drivasto erwies Marz 1451 Besic Zarij M 1970 Istorija Crne Gore Volume 2 Part 2 in Serbian Titograd Redakcija za istoriju Crne Gore Retrieved 17 January 2012 U Drivastu je okupљao mletachke protivnike Bozhidar Dushman i u sprezi s Lekom Dukaђinom pripremao pobunu u gradu i po selima Zavјera je otkrivena i Biјeћe chetrdesetorice osudilo ga je u martu 1451 god na tridesetogodishњe izgnanstvo s Mletachkih poseda u Albaniјi Historical dictionary of Albania Page 118 Robert Elsie 2010 DRISHT Archeological site medieval fortress and village in the mountains above the Kir valley east of Shkodra Great Britain Naval Intelligence Division Sir John Linton Myres Harold St John Loyd Winterbotham 1945 The tribesmen speak Albanian but there have been Serbian immigrants The whole district is backward and suffered 12 DRISHTI Drisht is a bajrak of the Postriba 53 group or district It is almost entirely Moslem and occupies Albania The Bradt Travel Guide Page 160 Gillian Gloyer 2008 Drishti is reached along a track on the other side of the bridge from the good road it is driveable in a 4x4 vehicle but it might be as quick to walk LEZHA Telephone code 0215 Albanians are always very keen for foreigners to visit Sources and external links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Drisht Shala Peli Teuta 2014 Drishti ne Mesjete Drisht in the Middle Ages Thesis Academy of Sciences of Albania Center of Albanological Studies Bozic Ivan 1979 Nemirno pomorje XV veka in Serbian Belgrade Srpska knjizevna zadruga OCLC 5845972 Retrieved 12 February 2012 Demiraj Shaban 2006 The origin of the Albanians linguistically investigated Tirana Academy of Sciences of Albania ISBN 978 99943 817 1 5 Huld Martin E 1986 Accentual Stratification of Ancient Greek Loanwords in Albanian Zeitschrift fur vergleichende Sprachforschung Vandenhoeck amp Ruprecht GmbH amp Co KG 99 2 245 253 JSTOR 40848841 Matzinger Joachim 2009 Shqiptaret si pasardhes te ilireve nga kendveshtrimi i gjuhesise historike In Schmitt Oliver Jens Frantz Eva Anne eds Historia e Shqiptareve Gjendja dhe perspektivat e studimeve in Albanian Translated by Pandeli Pani and Artan Puto Botime Perpjekja pp 13 39 ISBN 978 99943 0 254 3 GCatholic with incumbent bio linksExternal linksPhoto of the ruined castle Drisht Drishti in Albanian a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a Missing or empty url help Further reading EditIppen Theodor 1900 Stari spomenici u Albaniji Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u Bosni i Hercegovini Zbirka povjesti vol 12 Sarajevo Austria Hungary Zemaljska stamparija pp 511 531 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Drisht amp oldid 1143956742, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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