In Operation Margarethe in March 1944, the German Army occupied Hungary and forced Horthy to remove Prime Minister Miklós Kállay from office. Kállay, like Horthy, knew that Germany was losing the war, and had put out numerous feelers to the West. On 9 September 1943 László Veress, an employee of the Ministry of Exterior signed a secret agreement to surrender unconditionally to the Western Allies. Although Kállay and his government had promised on numerous occasions to surrender to the Western Allies as soon as they reached Hungary, Veress' agreement was unauthorized, as in Kállay's consideration it effectively gave up Hungary's sovereignty.
Nevertheless, the agreement didn't sit well with Berlin. When they took over the country, the Germans gave Horthy a choice between choosing a new prime minister who would cooperate with the Germans or undisguised occupation. Knowing that the latter would likely mean a gauleiter who would treat Hungary in the same manner as the other Nazi-occupied countries, Horthy chose the former. The German Plenipotentiary for Hungary, Edmund Veesenmayer, proposed that Horthy reappoint Béla Imrédy, who had been prime minister earlier in the war (and who had, ironically, a Jewish great-grandfather). However, Horthy balked at appointing the strongly pro-German Imrédy and suggested Sztójay instead. Though Sztójay had been ambassador to Berlin for a decade and was known to be pro-German, Horthy believed that at bottom he was a soldier first and would not totally give in to German demands. The Germans readily approved of Horthy's choice, and on 23 March 1944, Sztójay was appointed Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs.
As prime minister, Sztójay legalized Ferenc Szálasi’s Arrow Cross Party, increased Hungarian troop levels on the Eastern Front, dissolved the nation's labor unions, jailed political opponents, and cracked down on left wing politicians and activists. He also significantly ramped up the pace of forced deportations of Hungarian Jews, but at the same time tried to reduce the consequences. Horthy quickly became appalled by Sztójay's actions and demanded his removal as prime minister, but Veesenmayer, backed by Adolf Hitler, sternly refused to do so. Horthy refused to give in entirely, however, and used his influence to stop the deportations of Hungary's Jews and to force Imrédy out of Sztójay's cabinet. The Germans finally submitted to Horthy's pressure in August 1944 and Sztójay resigned as prime minister in favour of Géza Lakatos.
When Horthy was removed from power by the Germans in October 1944, Sztójay was not reappointed prime minister due to poor health. Sztójay subsequently fled Hungary when the Germans were driven out of the country by the Red Army in April 1945. Sztójay was later captured by American troops and extradited to Hungary in October 1945, after which time he was tried by a People's Tribunal in Budapest. He was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against the Hungarian people, sentenced to death, and executed by a firing squad in Budapest in 1946.
References
Thomas L. Sakmyster: A Hungarian Diplomat in Nazi Berlin: Sztójay Döme. In: Hungarian history – world history, szerkesztette Ránki György. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1984.
A magyar Quisling-kormány: Sztójay Döme és társai a népbíróság elõtt / [szerk. Simándi Irén]; [bevezető tanulmányt írta, sajtó alá rend. és a mutatókat készítették: Karsai László, Molnár Judit] Budapest: 1956-os KHT, 2004.
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January 06, 2023
döme, sztójay, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, includes, list, references, related, reading, external, links, sources, remain, unclear, b. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations February 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Dome Sztojay news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message The native form of this personal name is Sztojay Dome This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals Dome Sztojay Serbian Cyrillic Dimitriјe Stoјakoviћ 5 January 1883 22 August 1946 was a Hungarian soldier and diplomat of Serb origin who served as Prime Minister of Hungary in 1944 during World War II Dome SztojayPrime Minister of the Kingdom of HungaryIn office 22 March 1944 29 August 1944RegentMiklos HorthyPreceded byMiklos KallaySucceeded byGeza LakatosPersonal detailsBornDimitrije Stojakovic 1883 01 05 5 January 1883Versec Kingdom of Hungary Austria Hungary today Vrsac Serbia Died22 August 1946 1946 08 22 aged 63 Budapest HungaryCause of deathExecution by firing squadNationalityHungarianPolitical partyParty of National UnitySpouseJozefa LandgrafProfessionpolitician diplomatBiography EditBorn in Versec modern day Vrsac into a Serb family as Dimitrije Stojakovic Serbian Cyrillic Dimitriјe Stoјakoviћ Sztojay joined the Austro Hungarian Army as a young man and served as a colonel during World War I After the war Sztojay served in Admiral Miklos Horthy s counter revolutionary Royal Hungarian Army specializing in counter espionage After Horthy became Regent of Hungary Sztojay was promoted to general and served as a military attache in Berlin from 1925 to 1933 He Magyarized his name to Sztojay in 1927 From 1933 to 1935 Sztojay served in the Ministry of Defence In 1935 Prime Minister Gyula Gombos named Sztojay as Hungarian ambassador to Germany a position he would hold until 1944 As ambassador Sztojay formed strong ties with the Third Reich and often voiced support for German policies to his superiors in Hungary In Operation Margarethe in March 1944 the German Army occupied Hungary and forced Horthy to remove Prime Minister Miklos Kallay from office Kallay like Horthy knew that Germany was losing the war and had put out numerous feelers to the West On 9 September 1943 Laszlo Veress an employee of the Ministry of Exterior signed a secret agreement to surrender unconditionally to the Western Allies Although Kallay and his government had promised on numerous occasions to surrender to the Western Allies as soon as they reached Hungary Veress agreement was unauthorized as in Kallay s consideration it effectively gave up Hungary s sovereignty Nevertheless the agreement didn t sit well with Berlin When they took over the country the Germans gave Horthy a choice between choosing a new prime minister who would cooperate with the Germans or undisguised occupation Knowing that the latter would likely mean a gauleiter who would treat Hungary in the same manner as the other Nazi occupied countries Horthy chose the former The German Plenipotentiary for Hungary Edmund Veesenmayer proposed that Horthy reappoint Bela Imredy who had been prime minister earlier in the war and who had ironically a Jewish great grandfather However Horthy balked at appointing the strongly pro German Imredy and suggested Sztojay instead Though Sztojay had been ambassador to Berlin for a decade and was known to be pro German Horthy believed that at bottom he was a soldier first and would not totally give in to German demands The Germans readily approved of Horthy s choice and on 23 March 1944 Sztojay was appointed Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs As prime minister Sztojay legalized Ferenc Szalasi s Arrow Cross Party increased Hungarian troop levels on the Eastern Front dissolved the nation s labor unions jailed political opponents and cracked down on left wing politicians and activists He also significantly ramped up the pace of forced deportations of Hungarian Jews but at the same time tried to reduce the consequences Horthy quickly became appalled by Sztojay s actions and demanded his removal as prime minister but Veesenmayer backed by Adolf Hitler sternly refused to do so Horthy refused to give in entirely however and used his influence to stop the deportations of Hungary s Jews and to force Imredy out of Sztojay s cabinet The Germans finally submitted to Horthy s pressure in August 1944 and Sztojay resigned as prime minister in favour of Geza Lakatos When Horthy was removed from power by the Germans in October 1944 Sztojay was not reappointed prime minister due to poor health Sztojay subsequently fled Hungary when the Germans were driven out of the country by the Red Army in April 1945 Sztojay was later captured by American troops and extradited to Hungary in October 1945 after which time he was tried by a People s Tribunal in Budapest He was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against the Hungarian people sentenced to death and executed by a firing squad in Budapest in 1946 References EditThomas L Sakmyster A Hungarian Diplomat in Nazi Berlin Sztojay Dome In Hungarian history world history szerkesztette Ranki Gyorgy Budapest Akademiai Kiado 1984 A magyar Quisling kormany Sztojay Dome es tarsai a nepbirosag elott szerk Simandi Iren bevezeto tanulmanyt irta sajto ala rend es a mutatokat keszitettek Karsai Laszlo Molnar Judit Budapest 1956 os KHT 2004 External links EditNewspaper clippings about Dome Sztojay in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW Political officesPreceded byMiklos Kallay Prime Minister of Hungary1944 Succeeded byGeza LakatosPreceded byJeno Ghyczy Minister of Foreign Affairs1944 Succeeded byGusztav Hennyey Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dome Sztojay Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dome Sztojay amp oldid 1131046902, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
