Distrontium ruthenate, also known as strontium ruthenate, is an oxide of strontium and ruthenium with the chemical formula Sr2RuO4. It was the first reported perovskitesuperconductor that did not contain copper. Strontium ruthenate is structurally very similar to the high-temperature cuprate superconductors, and in particular, is almost identical to the lanthanum doped superconductor (La, Sr)2CuO4. However, the transition temperature for the superconducting phase transition is 0.93 K (about 1.5 K for the best sample), which is much lower than the corresponding value for cuprates.[2]
Distrontium ruthenate
The unit cell of the layered perovskite structure of strontium ruthenate. Ruthenium ions are red, strontium ions are blue, and oxygen ions are green.
Superconductivity in SRO was first observed by Yoshiteru Maeno et al. Unlike the cuprate superconductors, SRO displays superconductivity in the absence of doping.[2] The superconducting order parameter in SRO exhibits signatures of time-reversal symmetry breaking,[3] and hence, it can be classified as an unconventional superconductor.
Sr2RuO4 is believed to be a fairly two-dimensional system, with superconductivity occurring primarily on the Ru-O plane. The electronic structure of Sr2RuO4 is characterized by three bands derived from the Ru t2g 4d orbitals, namely, α, β and γ bands, of which the first is hole-like while the other two are electron-like. Among them, the γ band arises mainly from the dxy orbital, while the α and β bands emerge from the hybridization of dxz and dyz orbitals. Due to the two-dimensionality of Sr2RuO4, its Fermi surface consists of three nearly two-dimensional sheets with little dispersion along the crystalline c-axis and that the compound is nearly magnetic.[4]
Early proposals suggested that superconductivity is dominant in the γ band. In particular, the candidate chiral p-wave order parameter in the momentum space exhibits k-dependence phase winding which is characteristic of time-reversal symmetry breaking. This peculiar single-band superconducting order is expected to give rise to appreciable spontaneous supercurrent at the edge of the sample. Such an effect is closely associated with the topology of the Hamiltonian describing Sr2RuO4 in the superconducting state, which is characterized by a nonzero Chern number. However, scanning probes have so far failed to detect expected time-reversal symmetry breaking fields generated by the supercurrent, off by orders of magnitude.[5] This has led some to speculate that superconductivity arises dominantly from the α and β bands instead.[6] Such a two-band superconductor, although having k-dependence phase winding in its order parameters on the two relevant bands, is topologically trivial with the two bands featuring opposite Chern numbers. Therefore, it could possibly give a much reduced if not completely cancelled supercurrent at the edge. However, this naive reasoning was later found not to be entirely correct: the magnitude of edge current is not directly related to the topological property of the chiral state.[7] In particular, although the non-trivial topology is expected to give rise to protected chiral edge states, due to U(1) symmetry-breaking the edge current is not a protected quantity. In fact, it has been shown that the edge current vanishes identically for any higher angular momentum chiral pairing states which feature even larger Chern numbers, such as chiral d-, f-wave etc.[8][9]
Tc seems to increase under uniaxial compression[10] that pushes the van Hove singularity of the dxy orbital across the Fermi level.[11]
Evidence was reported for p-wave singlet state as in cuprates and conventional superconductors, instead of the conjectured more unconventional p-wave triplet state.[12][13] It has also been suggested that Strontium ruthenate superconductivity could be due to a Fulde–Ferrell–Larkin–Ovchinnikov phase.[14][15]
Strontium ruthenate behaves as a conventional Fermi liquid at temperatures below 25 K.[16]
^Lichtenberg, F.; Catana, A.; Mannhart, J.; Schlom, D. G. (1992-03-02). "Sr2RuO4: A metallic substrate for the epitaxial growth of YBa2Cu3O7−δ". Applied Physics Letters. 60 (9). AIP Publishing: 1138–1140. doi:10.1063/1.106432. ISSN 0003-6951.
^ abKoster, Gertjan; Klein, Lior; Siemons, Wolter; Rijnders, Guus; Dodge, J. Steven; Eom, Chang-Beom; Blank, Dave H. A.; Beasley, Malcolm R. (2012). "Structure, Physical Properties, and Applications of SrRuO3 Thin Films". Reviews of Modern Physics. 84 (1): 253–298. Bibcode:2012RvMP...84..253K. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.84.253.
^Kapitulnik, Aharon; Xia, Jing; Elizabeth Schemm Alexander Palevski (May 2009). "Polar Kerr effect as probe for time-reversal symmetry breaking in unconventional superconductors". New Journal of Physics. 11 (5): 055060. arXiv:0906.2845. Bibcode:2009NJPh...11e5060K. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/11/5/055060. S2CID 43924082.
^Mazin, I. I.; Singh, David J. (1997-07-28). "Ferromagnetic Spin Fluctuation Induced Superconductivity in Sr2RuO4". Physical Review Letters. 79 (4). American Physical Society (APS): 733–736. arXiv:cond-mat/9703068. Bibcode:1997PhRvL..79..733M. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.79.733. ISSN 0031-9007. S2CID 119434737.
^Hicks, Clifford W.; et al. (2010). "Limits on superconductivity-related magnetization in Sr2RuO4 and PrOs4Sb12 from scanning SQUID microscopy". Physical Review B. 81 (21): 214501. arXiv:1003.2189. Bibcode:2010PhRvB..81u4501H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.81.214501. S2CID 26608198.
^Huang, Wen; Lederer, Samuel; Taylor, Edward; Kallin, Catherine (2015-03-12). "Nontopological nature of the edge current in a chiralp-wave superconductor". Physical Review B. 91 (9): 094507. arXiv:1412.4592. Bibcode:2015PhRvB..91i4507H. doi:10.1103/physrevb.91.094507. ISSN 1098-0121.
^Steppke, Alexander; Zhao, Lishan; Barber, Mark E.; Scaffidi, Thomas; Jerzembeck, Fabian; Rosner, Helge; Gibbs, Alexandra S.; Maeno, Yoshiteru; Simon, Steven H.; Mackenzie, Andrew P.; Hicks, Clifford W. (2017-01-12). "Strong peak in Tc of Sr2RuO4 under uniaxial pressure" (PDF). Science. 355 (6321). American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS): eaaf9398. doi:10.1126/science.aaf9398. hdl:10023/10113. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 28082534. S2CID 8197509.
^Chronister, Aaron; Pustogow, Andrej; Kikugawa, Naoki; Sokolov, Dmitry A.; Jerzembeck, Fabian; Hicks, Clifford W.; Mackenzie, Andrew P.; Bauer, Eric D.; Brown, Stuart E. (2021-06-22). "Evidence for even parity unconventional superconductivity in Sr2RuO4". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 118 (25). arXiv:2007.13730. Bibcode:2021PNAS..11825313C. doi:10.1073/pnas.2025313118. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC8237678. PMID 34161272.
^Lopatka, Alex (2021-08-05). "An unconventional superconductor isn't so odd after all". Physics Today. 2021: 0805a. doi:10.1063/PT.6.1.20210805a. S2CID 241654779.
^Kinjo, K.; Manago, M.; Kitagawa, S.; Mao, Z. Q.; Yonezawa, S.; Maeno, Y.; Ishida, K. (2022-04-22). "Superconducting spin smecticity evidencing the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state in Sr 2 RuO 4". Science. 376 (6591): 397–400. Bibcode:2022Sci...376..397K. doi:10.1126/science.abb0332. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 35446631. S2CID 248322696.
^Yanoff, Brian (2000). (PDF). University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-09-16. Retrieved 2012-04-16.
^Abbamonte, Peter (August 9, 2023). "Pines' demon observed as a 3D acoustic plasmon in Sr2RuO4". Nature. 45 (7977): 66–70. Bibcode:2023Natur.621...66H. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06318-8. PMC10482684. PMID 37558882.
Further readingedit
Armitage, N. Peter (9 December 2019). "Superconductivity mystery turns 25". Nature. 576 (7787): 386–387. arXiv:2006.06916. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-03734-7. PMID 31844256.
Wooten, Rachel. "Strontium Ruthenate". University of Tennessee-Knoxville. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
Maeno, Yoshiteru; Rice, Maurice; Sigrist, Manfred (2001). "The intriguing superconductivity of Strontium Ruthenate" (PDF). Physics Today. 54 (1): 42. Bibcode:2001PhT....54a..42M. doi:10.1063/1.1349611. hdl:2433/49957. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
Maeno, Yoshiteru; Hashimoto, H.; et al. (1994). "Superconductivity in a layered perovskite without copper". Nature. 372 (6506): 532–534. Bibcode:1994Natur.372..532M. doi:10.1038/372532a0. S2CID 4303356.
May 11, 2024
distrontium, ruthenate, also, known, strontium, ruthenate, oxide, strontium, ruthenium, with, chemical, formula, sr2ruo4, first, reported, perovskite, superconductor, that, contain, copper, strontium, ruthenate, structurally, very, similar, high, temperature, . Distrontium ruthenate also known as strontium ruthenate is an oxide of strontium and ruthenium with the chemical formula Sr2RuO4 It was the first reported perovskite superconductor that did not contain copper Strontium ruthenate is structurally very similar to the high temperature cuprate superconductors and in particular is almost identical to the lanthanum doped superconductor La Sr 2CuO4 However the transition temperature for the superconducting phase transition is 0 93 K about 1 5 K for the best sample which is much lower than the corresponding value for cuprates 2 Distrontium ruthenate The unit cell of the layered perovskite structure of strontium ruthenate Ruthenium ions are red strontium ions are blue and oxygen ions are green Identifiers CAS Number 60862 59 1 Y 3D model JSmol Interactive image InChI InChI 1S 4O Ru 2Sr q4 1 4 2 2Key KWNWXODLYNPAJR UHFFFAOYSA N SMILES Sr 2 Sr 2 O Ru 4 O O O Properties Chemical formula Sr2RuO4 Structure 1 Crystal structure K2NiF4 structure body centered tetragonal Lattice constant a 387 pm c 1274 pm Except where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 C 77 F 100 kPa Infobox references Contents 1 Superconductivity 2 See also 3 References 4 Further readingSuperconductivity editSuperconductivity in SRO was first observed by Yoshiteru Maeno et al Unlike the cuprate superconductors SRO displays superconductivity in the absence of doping 2 The superconducting order parameter in SRO exhibits signatures of time reversal symmetry breaking 3 and hence it can be classified as an unconventional superconductor Sr2RuO4 is believed to be a fairly two dimensional system with superconductivity occurring primarily on the Ru O plane The electronic structure of Sr2RuO4 is characterized by three bands derived from the Ru t2g 4d orbitals namely a b and g bands of which the first is hole like while the other two are electron like Among them the g band arises mainly from the dxy orbital while the a and b bands emerge from the hybridization of dxz and dyz orbitals Due to the two dimensionality of Sr2RuO4 its Fermi surface consists of three nearly two dimensional sheets with little dispersion along the crystalline c axis and that the compound is nearly magnetic 4 Early proposals suggested that superconductivity is dominant in the g band In particular the candidate chiral p wave order parameter in the momentum space exhibits k dependence phase winding which is characteristic of time reversal symmetry breaking This peculiar single band superconducting order is expected to give rise to appreciable spontaneous supercurrent at the edge of the sample Such an effect is closely associated with the topology of the Hamiltonian describing Sr2RuO4 in the superconducting state which is characterized by a nonzero Chern number However scanning probes have so far failed to detect expected time reversal symmetry breaking fields generated by the supercurrent off by orders of magnitude 5 This has led some to speculate that superconductivity arises dominantly from the a and b bands instead 6 Such a two band superconductor although having k dependence phase winding in its order parameters on the two relevant bands is topologically trivial with the two bands featuring opposite Chern numbers Therefore it could possibly give a much reduced if not completely cancelled supercurrent at the edge However this naive reasoning was later found not to be entirely correct the magnitude of edge current is not directly related to the topological property of the chiral state 7 In particular although the non trivial topology is expected to give rise to protected chiral edge states due to U 1 symmetry breaking the edge current is not a protected quantity In fact it has been shown that the edge current vanishes identically for any higher angular momentum chiral pairing states which feature even larger Chern numbers such as chiral d f wave etc 8 9 Tc seems to increase under uniaxial compression 10 that pushes the van Hove singularity of the dxy orbital across the Fermi level 11 Evidence was reported for p wave singlet state as in cuprates and conventional superconductors instead of the conjectured more unconventional p wave triplet state 12 13 It has also been suggested that Strontium ruthenate superconductivity could be due to a Fulde Ferrell Larkin Ovchinnikov phase 14 15 Strontium ruthenate behaves as a conventional Fermi liquid at temperatures below 25 K 16 In 2023 a team of researchers from the University of Illinois Urbana Champaign confirmed the 67 year old prediction of Pines demon excitation in Sr2RuO4 17 See also editUranium ditellurideReferences edit Lichtenberg F Catana A Mannhart J Schlom D G 1992 03 02 Sr2RuO4 A metallic substrate for the epitaxial growth of YBa2Cu3O7 d Applied Physics Letters 60 9 AIP Publishing 1138 1140 doi 10 1063 1 106432 ISSN 0003 6951 a b Koster Gertjan Klein Lior Siemons Wolter Rijnders Guus Dodge J Steven Eom Chang Beom Blank Dave H A Beasley Malcolm R 2012 Structure Physical Properties and Applications of SrRuO3 Thin Films Reviews of Modern Physics 84 1 253 298 Bibcode 2012RvMP 84 253K doi 10 1103 RevModPhys 84 253 Kapitulnik Aharon Xia Jing Elizabeth Schemm Alexander Palevski May 2009 Polar Kerr effect as probe for time reversal symmetry breaking in unconventional superconductors New Journal of Physics 11 5 055060 arXiv 0906 2845 Bibcode 2009NJPh 11e5060K doi 10 1088 1367 2630 11 5 055060 S2CID 43924082 Mazin I I Singh David J 1997 07 28 Ferromagnetic Spin Fluctuation Induced Superconductivity in Sr2RuO4 Physical Review Letters 79 4 American Physical Society APS 733 736 arXiv cond mat 9703068 Bibcode 1997PhRvL 79 733M doi 10 1103 physrevlett 79 733 ISSN 0031 9007 S2CID 119434737 Hicks Clifford W et al 2010 Limits on superconductivity related magnetization in Sr2RuO4 and PrOs4Sb12 from scanning SQUID microscopy Physical Review B 81 21 214501 arXiv 1003 2189 Bibcode 2010PhRvB 81u4501H doi 10 1103 PhysRevB 81 214501 S2CID 26608198 Raghu S Marini Aharon Pankratov Steve Rubio Angel 2010 Hidden Quasi One Dimensional Superconductivity in Sr2RuO4 Physical Review Letters 105 13 136401 arXiv 1003 3927 Bibcode 2010PhRvL 105b6401B doi 10 1103 PhysRevLett 105 026401 PMID 20867720 S2CID 26117260 Huang Wen Lederer Samuel Taylor Edward Kallin Catherine 2015 03 12 Nontopological nature of the edge current in a chiralp wave superconductor Physical Review B 91 9 094507 arXiv 1412 4592 Bibcode 2015PhRvB 91i4507H doi 10 1103 physrevb 91 094507 ISSN 1098 0121 Huang Wen Taylor Edward Kallin Catherine 2014 12 19 Vanishing edge currents in non p wave topological chiral superconductors Physical Review B 90 22 224519 arXiv 1410 0377 Bibcode 2014PhRvB 90v4519H doi 10 1103 physrevb 90 224519 ISSN 1098 0121 S2CID 118773764 Tada Yasuhiro Nie Wenxing Oshikawa Masaki 2015 05 13 Orbital Angular Momentum and Spectral Flow in Two Dimensional Chiral Superfluids Physical Review Letters 114 19 195301 arXiv 1409 7459 Bibcode 2015PhRvL 114s5301T doi 10 1103 physrevlett 114 195301 ISSN 0031 9007 PMID 26024177 S2CID 3152887 Steppke Alexander Zhao Lishan Barber Mark E Scaffidi Thomas Jerzembeck Fabian Rosner Helge Gibbs Alexandra S Maeno Yoshiteru Simon Steven H Mackenzie Andrew P Hicks Clifford W 2017 01 12 Strong peak in Tc of Sr2RuO4 under uniaxial pressure PDF Science 355 6321 American Association for the Advancement of Science AAAS eaaf9398 doi 10 1126 science aaf9398 hdl 10023 10113 ISSN 0036 8075 PMID 28082534 S2CID 8197509 Sunko Veronika Abarca Morales Edgar Markovic Igor Barber Mark E Milosavljevic Dijana Mazzola Federico Sokolov Dmitry A Kikugawa Naoki Cacho Cephise Dudin Pavel Rosner Helge 2019 08 19 Direct observation of a uniaxial stress driven Lifshitz transition in Sr2RuO4 npj Quantum Materials 4 1 46 arXiv 1903 09581 Bibcode 2019npjQM 4 46S doi 10 1038 s41535 019 0185 9 ISSN 2397 4648 S2CID 85459284 Chronister Aaron Pustogow Andrej Kikugawa Naoki Sokolov Dmitry A Jerzembeck Fabian Hicks Clifford W Mackenzie Andrew P Bauer Eric D Brown Stuart E 2021 06 22 Evidence for even parity unconventional superconductivity in Sr2RuO4 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118 25 arXiv 2007 13730 Bibcode 2021PNAS 11825313C doi 10 1073 pnas 2025313118 ISSN 0027 8424 PMC 8237678 PMID 34161272 Lopatka Alex 2021 08 05 An unconventional superconductor isn t so odd after all Physics Today 2021 0805a doi 10 1063 PT 6 1 20210805a S2CID 241654779 Kinjo K Manago M Kitagawa S Mao Z Q Yonezawa S Maeno Y Ishida K 2022 04 22 Superconducting spin smecticity evidencing the Fulde Ferrell Larkin Ovchinnikov state in Sr 2 RuO 4 Science 376 6591 397 400 Bibcode 2022Sci 376 397K doi 10 1126 science abb0332 ISSN 0036 8075 PMID 35446631 S2CID 248322696 Magnetic field induces spatially varying superconductivity Physics Today 2022 1 0613a 2022 06 13 Bibcode 2022PhT 2022a 613 doi 10 1063 PT 6 1 20220613a S2CID 249659408 Yanoff Brian 2000 Temperature dependence of the penetration depth in the unconventional superconductor Sr2RuO4 PDF University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign Archived from the original PDF on 2012 09 16 Retrieved 2012 04 16 Abbamonte Peter August 9 2023 Pines demon observed as a 3D acoustic plasmon in Sr2RuO4 Nature 45 7977 66 70 Bibcode 2023Natur 621 66H doi 10 1038 s41586 023 06318 8 PMC 10482684 PMID 37558882 Further reading editArmitage N Peter 9 December 2019 Superconductivity mystery turns 25 Nature 576 7787 386 387 arXiv 2006 06916 doi 10 1038 d41586 019 03734 7 PMID 31844256 Wooten Rachel Strontium Ruthenate University of Tennessee Knoxville Retrieved 16 April 2012 Maeno Yoshiteru Rice Maurice Sigrist Manfred 2001 The intriguing superconductivity of Strontium Ruthenate PDF Physics Today 54 1 42 Bibcode 2001PhT 54a 42M doi 10 1063 1 1349611 hdl 2433 49957 Retrieved 16 April 2012 Maeno Yoshiteru Hashimoto H et al 1994 Superconductivity in a layered perovskite without copper Nature 372 6506 532 534 Bibcode 1994Natur 372 532M doi 10 1038 372532a0 S2CID 4303356 Retrieved from https 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