Disphyma crassifolium subsp. clavellatum is the subspecies of Disphyma crassifolium (round-leaved pigface) that occurs in Australia and New Zealand. It is sometimes known by the common name rounded noon-flower[1]
Also called "karkalla" in the Australian native foods trade. However, this name originally only described Carpobrotus rossii and has been misapplied to D.crassifolium as a vegetable.[2]
It grows as a prostrate, succulent shrub or annual herb, from two to 30 centimetres high. Unlike the other pigfaces its leaves are round in cross-section. Flowers are pink, purple or violet.[3]
Taxonomyedit
This subspecies was first published under the name Mesembryanthemum australe by Georg Forster in 1786, based on New Zealand material. Forster failed to give a description, however, so valid publication of the name falls to William Aiton, who published a description in 1789.[4] In 1803, Adrian Hardy Haworth published M. clavellatum based on plants raised at Kew from seeds collected in Australia.[5] In 1830, N. E. Brown transferred M. australe into Disphyma as D. australe.[6] In 1971 Robert Chinnock published a new species name, D. blackii, for some New Zealand material,[7] and five years later he transferred M. clavellatum to Disphyma.[8]
In the early 1980s, Hugh Francis Glen determined, on the basic of a multivariate analysis, that Disphyma was monotypic. All other names were therefore given synonymy with D. crassifolium.[9] This situation remained until 1986, when it was decided that the South African populations differed sufficiently from the Australian and New Zealand populations to merit distinct subspecies. D. crassifolium subsp. clavellatum was then erected to encompass the Australian and New Zealand populations,[10] with the autonymD. crassifolium subsp. crassifolium defined as encompassing the South African plants.[11]
Distribution and habitatedit
Disphyma crassifolium is widely distributed in Australia and New Zealand. It grows in saline areas such as coastal dunes and samphire flats, and tolerates a range of soils including sand, loam and clay.[3]
Usesedit
The leaves have become a popular native vegetable in Australia marketed under the name "karkalla". It typically has a salty flavour and can be used fresh or as a pickled ingredient.[12]
Referencesedit
^. Victorian Resources Online. Department of Primary Industries (Victoria). Archived from the original on 2008-07-31. Retrieved 2008-05-31.
^"Mesembryanthemum australe Aiton". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
^"Mesembryanthemum clavellatum Haw". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
^"Disphyma australe (Aiton) N.E.Br". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
^"Disphyma blackii Chinnock". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
^"Disphyma clavellatum (Haw.) Chinnock". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
^"Disphyma crassifolium subsp. clavellatum (Haw.) Chinnock". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
^"Disphyma crassifolium subsp. crassifolium (Haw.) Chinnock". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. [sic]
disphyma, crassifolium, subsp, clavellatum, subspecies, disphyma, crassifolium, round, leaved, pigface, that, occurs, australia, zealand, sometimes, known, common, name, rounded, noon, flower, scientific, classificationkingdom, plantaeclade, tracheophytesclade. Disphyma crassifolium subsp clavellatum is the subspecies of Disphyma crassifolium round leaved pigface that occurs in Australia and New Zealand It is sometimes known by the common name rounded noon flower 1 Disphyma crassifolium subsp clavellatumScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsOrder CaryophyllalesFamily AizoaceaeGenus DisphymaSpecies D crassifoliumSubspecies D c subsp clavellatumTrinomial nameDisphyma crassifolium subsp clavellatum Haw ChinnockAlso called karkalla in the Australian native foods trade However this name originally only described Carpobrotus rossii and has been misapplied to D crassifolium as a vegetable 2 Contents 1 Description 2 Taxonomy 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Uses 5 ReferencesDescription editIt grows as a prostrate succulent shrub or annual herb from two to 30 centimetres high Unlike the other pigfaces its leaves are round in cross section Flowers are pink purple or violet 3 Taxonomy editThis subspecies was first published under the name Mesembryanthemum australe by Georg Forster in 1786 based on New Zealand material Forster failed to give a description however so valid publication of the name falls to William Aiton who published a description in 1789 4 In 1803 Adrian Hardy Haworth published M clavellatum based on plants raised at Kew from seeds collected in Australia 5 In 1830 N E Brown transferred M australe into Disphyma as D australe 6 In 1971 Robert Chinnock published a new species name D blackii for some New Zealand material 7 and five years later he transferred M clavellatum to Disphyma 8 In the early 1980s Hugh Francis Glen determined on the basic of a multivariate analysis that Disphyma was monotypic All other names were therefore given synonymy with D crassifolium 9 This situation remained until 1986 when it was decided that the South African populations differed sufficiently from the Australian and New Zealand populations to merit distinct subspecies D crassifolium subsp clavellatum was then erected to encompass the Australian and New Zealand populations 10 with the autonym D crassifolium subsp crassifolium defined as encompassing the South African plants 11 Distribution and habitat editDisphyma crassifolium is widely distributed in Australia and New Zealand It grows in saline areas such as coastal dunes and samphire flats and tolerates a range of soils including sand loam and clay 3 Uses editThe leaves have become a popular native vegetable in Australia marketed under the name karkalla It typically has a salty flavour and can be used fresh or as a pickled ingredient 12 References edit Rounded Noon flower Victorian Resources Online Department of Primary Industries Victoria Archived from the original on 2008 07 31 Retrieved 2008 05 31 Karkalla a b Disphyma crassifolium subsp clavellatum FloraBase Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions Mesembryanthemum australe Aiton Australian Plant Name Index APNI IBIS database Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research Australian Government Mesembryanthemum clavellatum Haw Australian Plant Name Index APNI IBIS database Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research Australian Government Disphyma australe Aiton N E Br Australian Plant Name Index APNI IBIS database Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research Australian Government Disphyma blackii Chinnock Australian Plant Name Index APNI IBIS database Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research Australian Government Disphyma clavellatum Haw Chinnock Australian Plant Name Index APNI IBIS database Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research Australian Government Prescott A Venning J 1984 Aizoaceae Flora of Australia Volume 4 Phytolaccaceae to Chenopodiaceae Canberra Australian Government Publishing Service Disphyma crassifolium subsp clavellatum Haw Chinnock Australian Plant Name Index APNI IBIS database Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research Australian Government Disphyma crassifolium subsp crassifolium Haw Chinnock Australian Plant Name Index APNI IBIS database Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research Australian Government sic What is karkalla Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Disphyma crassifolium subsp clavellatum amp oldid 1068957779, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
