A diluent (also referred to as a filler, dilutant or thinner) is a diluting agent. Certain fluids are too viscous to be pumped easily or too dense to flow from one particular point to the other. This can be problematic, because it might not be economically feasible to transport such fluids in this state. To ease this restricted movement, diluents are added. This decreases the viscosity of the fluids, thereby also decreasing the pumping/transportation costs.
One industrial application is the transport of crude oil via pipelines. Heavy crude oil/bitumen are fluids with high viscosity, especially at low temperatures. The addition of a diluent enables the diluted fluid (dilbit in the case of bitumen) to meet pipeline specifications in order for it to be efficiently transported. Typical diluent in this case is naphtha or condensate.[1]
Types of diluents more familiar to the general public include paint thinner and nail polish thinner, both of which improve the consistency and applicability of the products to which they are added. Diluent is also used as a term in solvent extraction for an inert solvent in which a metal extraction agent (extractant) is dissolved. In solvent extraction the diluent has potentially several uses. It can be used as a solvent (in the purely chemical sense rather than the solvent extraction sense) to dissolve an extractant which is a solid and so render it suitable for use in a liquid–liquid extraction process. In other cases such as PUREXnuclear reprocessing the diluent (kerosene) is used to reduce the maximum metal loading which the organic layer can reach. If the organic layer was to acquire too much metal then a solid metal complex might form, or more worryingly in a nuclear process the potential for a criticality accident if the fissile metal concentration in the organic phase becomes too high.
Water is probably the most common and familiar diluent, but many substances, such as oils, do not dissolve well in water and therefore require different diluents to be diluted effectively without separating into parts.
Diluents are also very important in the pharmaceutical industry. They are inactive ingredients that are added to tablets and capsules in addition to the active drug. For example, a Tylenol 325 mg tablet does not weigh 325 mg. This is the weight of the active acetaminophen, while the tablet weighs more due to other additives known as diluents. These additives may be used as binders, disintegrants (help the tablet break apart in the digestive system), or flavor enhancers. Some very common diluents in tablets include starch, cellulose derivatives, and magnesium stearate (a lubricant). (See also Excipient.)
Diluents are also used in vaccines such as MMR to reconstitute the vaccine after storage.[2]
In underwater diving a diluent gas is generally used to reduce the oxygen fraction of the breathing gas to a non-toxic level appropriate to the ambient pressure at which it is to be breathed. Diluent gases for this use are metabolically inert and non-toxic, but may have some level of narcotic effect at high partial pressure. The commonly used diluents for breathing gases are nitrogen, provided in the form of air, and helium, provided as heliox, or both nitrogen and helium together as trimix. The diluent used in scuba rebreathers contains enough oxygen to support life as it is also used as a bailout gas.
Helium is also useful as a breathing gas diluent to reduce work of breathing of gases, both at high ambient pressures, and for medical purposes, but it is an expensive gas, which limits its utility.
^Aoyama, Tomoki; Kayukawa, Tomoki; Fujimoto, Takayoshi (2018). Technology Division, Technology Innovation Center (ed.). "SCWC Process, Result of Pilot Plant Testing in Canada and Scaling Up to Commercia Unit" (pdf). 日揮技術ジャーナル (in Japanese). JGC Corporation. 6 (5): 3. Retrieved 2021-04-24.
^Sonntagsblitz, July 10, 2005: Im Wein war nicht nur Wahrheit 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine ("In wine was not only truth") (in German)
May 19, 2023
diluent, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, september, 2011, l. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Diluent news newspapers books scholar JSTOR September 2011 Learn how and when to remove this template message A diluent also referred to as a filler dilutant or thinner is a diluting agent Certain fluids are too viscous to be pumped easily or too dense to flow from one particular point to the other This can be problematic because it might not be economically feasible to transport such fluids in this state To ease this restricted movement diluents are added This decreases the viscosity of the fluids thereby also decreasing the pumping transportation costs One industrial application is the transport of crude oil via pipelines Heavy crude oil bitumen are fluids with high viscosity especially at low temperatures The addition of a diluent enables the diluted fluid dilbit in the case of bitumen to meet pipeline specifications in order for it to be efficiently transported Typical diluent in this case is naphtha or condensate 1 Types of diluents more familiar to the general public include paint thinner and nail polish thinner both of which improve the consistency and applicability of the products to which they are added Diluent is also used as a term in solvent extraction for an inert solvent in which a metal extraction agent extractant is dissolved In solvent extraction the diluent has potentially several uses It can be used as a solvent in the purely chemical sense rather than the solvent extraction sense to dissolve an extractant which is a solid and so render it suitable for use in a liquid liquid extraction process In other cases such as PUREX nuclear reprocessing the diluent kerosene is used to reduce the maximum metal loading which the organic layer can reach If the organic layer was to acquire too much metal then a solid metal complex might form or more worryingly in a nuclear process the potential for a criticality accident if the fissile metal concentration in the organic phase becomes too high Water is probably the most common and familiar diluent but many substances such as oils do not dissolve well in water and therefore require different diluents to be diluted effectively without separating into parts Contents 1 Medications 2 Breathing gas 3 Drugs 4 ReferencesMedications EditDiluents are also very important in the pharmaceutical industry They are inactive ingredients that are added to tablets and capsules in addition to the active drug For example a Tylenol 325 mg tablet does not weigh 325 mg This is the weight of the active acetaminophen while the tablet weighs more due to other additives known as diluents These additives may be used as binders disintegrants help the tablet break apart in the digestive system or flavor enhancers Some very common diluents in tablets include starch cellulose derivatives and magnesium stearate a lubricant See also Excipient Diluents are also used in vaccines such as MMR to reconstitute the vaccine after storage 2 Breathing gas EditMain article Breathing gas In underwater diving a diluent gas is generally used to reduce the oxygen fraction of the breathing gas to a non toxic level appropriate to the ambient pressure at which it is to be breathed Diluent gases for this use are metabolically inert and non toxic but may have some level of narcotic effect at high partial pressure The commonly used diluents for breathing gases are nitrogen provided in the form of air and helium provided as heliox or both nitrogen and helium together as trimix The diluent used in scuba rebreathers contains enough oxygen to support life as it is also used as a bailout gas Helium is also useful as a breathing gas diluent to reduce work of breathing of gases both at high ambient pressures and for medical purposes but it is an expensive gas which limits its utility Drugs EditThis section contains information of unclear or questionable importance or relevance to the article s subject Please help improve this section by clarifying or removing indiscriminate details Non important content should likely be moved to another article pseudo redirected or removed Learn how and when to remove this template message The 1985 diethylene glycol wine scandal was an incident in which several Austrian wineries illegally adulterated their wines using the toxic substance diethylene glycol a primary ingredient in some brands of antifreeze to make the wines appear sweeter and more full bodied in the style of late harvest wines 3 References Edit Aoyama Tomoki Kayukawa Tomoki Fujimoto Takayoshi 2018 Technology Division Technology Innovation Center ed SCWC Process Result of Pilot Plant Testing in Canada and Scaling Up to Commercia Unit pdf 日揮技術ジャーナル in Japanese JGC Corporation 6 5 3 Retrieved 2021 04 24 Storage and handling of MMR vaccine Sonntagsblitz July 10 2005 Im Wein war nicht nur Wahrheit Archived 2007 09 28 at the Wayback Machine In wine was not only truth in German Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Diluent amp oldid 1125783764, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
