The swamplands upstream were known by the name "Boven-Digoel" (Above the Digul, in Dutch) and hosted a penal colony at Tanahmerah (Red Earth) in the early 20th century, when Indonesia was a colony of Holland. As a result of the abortive 1926 revolt by the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI), the Dutch exiled 823 of the most troublesome revolutionaries here.[7]
Hydrologyedit
Rising on the southern slopes of the Maoke Mountains, the Digul flows first south and then west to empty into the Arafura Sea. For much of its length, it travels across a low region of extensive swamps and creates a delta near Dolak (Yos Sudarso Island, formerly Frederik Hendrik) Island. The river has a length of 853 km (530 mi) and is navigable as far as Tanahmerah.
The river flows in the southern area of Papua with predominantly tropical monsoon climate (designated as Am in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification).[9] The annual average temperature in the area is 22 °C. The warmest month is April, when the average temperature is around 24 °C, and the coldest is June, at 20 °C.[8] The average annual rainfall is 3,072 mm. The wettest month is January, with an average of 464 mm rainfall, and the driest is July, with 28 mm rainfall.[10] The average rainfall for the whole catchment area between 2002 and 2011 was 3,522 mm.[11]
^Brackman, A.C., Indonesian Communism: A History, 1963, Praeger Press
^ ab. NASA. 30 January 2016. Archived from the original on 7 April 2019. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
^Peel, M C; Finlayson, B L; McMahon, T A (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 11 (5): 1633–1644. Bibcode:2007HESS...11.1633P. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007.
^. NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission. 30 January 2016. Archived from the original on 11 May 2020. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
^ abcvan Beek, E.; Bons, K.; Brinkman, J. (2013). "Final report Einlanden-Digul-Bikuma basin IWRM case study".
^A.Y., Hoekstra; M.M., Mekonnen (Sep 2011). "GLOBAL WATER SCARCITY: THE MONTHLY BLUE WATER FOOTPRINT COMPARED TO BLUE WATER AVAILABILITY FOR THE WORLD'S MAJOR RIVER BASINS-VALUE OF WATER RESEARCH REPORT SERIES NO.53" (PDF).
^Radhika, Radhika; Firmansyah, Rendy; Hatmoko, Waluyo (Nov 2017). "Computation of surface water availability in Indonesia based on satellite data". Jurnal Sumber Daya Air. 13 (2): 115–130. doi:10.32679/jsda.v13i2.206.
January 01, 1970
digul, river, dutch, digoel, major, river, south, papua, province, indonesia, island, guinea, fourth, longest, river, guinea, after, sepik, river, mamberamo, river, river, with, total, length, drainage, basin, sungai, oewamba, rivier, digoel, rivier, oewimboe,. The Digul River Dutch Digoel is a major river in South Papua province Indonesia on the island of New Guinea It is the fourth longest river in New Guinea after the Sepik River Mamberamo River and Fly River With a total length of 853 km 530 mi and a drainage basin of 45 900 km2 17 700 sq mi 6 Sungai DigulOewamba Rivier Digoel rivier Oewimboe Digoel Oewimboe Digoel Kian Uwimbu DigulNASA Landsat image enhanced of the Digul Estuary looking roughly east Dolak can be seen towards the south Location of river mouthShow map of IndonesiaDigul South Papua Show map of South PapuaLocationCountryIndonesiaProvincePapuaPhysical characteristicsSourceMaoke Mountains coordinates4 53 33 4068 S 140 23 52 9512 E 4 892613000 S 140 398042000 E 4 892613000 140 398042000 elevation3 700 m 12 100 ft Mouth locationArafura Sea coordinates7 7 S 138 42 E 7 117 S 138 700 E 7 117 138 700 elevation0 m 0 ft Length853 km 530 mi Basin size42 142 6 km2 16 271 3 sq mi 1 to 44 953 98 km2 17 356 83 sq mi 2 Width average300 m 980 ft 900 m 3 000 ft Lower Digul 3 Depth minimum6 m 20 ft Lower Digul 3 maximum28 m 92 ft Lower Digul 3 Discharge locationDigul Delta Arafura Sea average3 867 2 m3 s 136 570 cu ft s 4 Period 2015 2019 3 027 89 m3 s 106 929 cu ft s 2 Period 1971 2000 3 332 7 m3 s 117 690 cu ft s 1 minimum1 766 9 m3 s 62 400 cu ft s 4 maximum5 304 m3 s 187 300 cu ft s 4 10 600 m3 s 370 000 cu ft s Discharge locationBefore delta Basin size 25 597 9 km2 9 883 4 sq mi 1 average Period 1979 2015 69 42 km3 a 2 200 m3 s 5 Period 1971 2000 2 443 9 m3 s 86 310 cu ft s 1 Discharge locationTanah Merah 320 km upstream of mouth Basin size 9 188 8 km2 3 547 8 sq mi 1 average Period 1971 2000 1 140 7 m3 s 40 280 cu ft s 1 Basin featuresRiver systemDigul RiverTributaries leftDigul Timur Takum Murup Anggarap Mandobo Uwimmerah rightArup Kia Ederah Mappi Uwamba Contents 1 History 2 Hydrology 3 Geography 4 Discharge 5 Tributaries 6 See also 7 ReferencesHistory editThe swamplands upstream were known by the name Boven Digoel Above the Digul in Dutch and hosted a penal colony at Tanahmerah Red Earth in the early 20th century when Indonesia was a colony of Holland As a result of the abortive 1926 revolt by the Communist Party of Indonesia PKI the Dutch exiled 823 of the most troublesome revolutionaries here 7 Hydrology editRising on the southern slopes of the Maoke Mountains the Digul flows first south and then west to empty into the Arafura Sea For much of its length it travels across a low region of extensive swamps and creates a delta near Dolak Yos Sudarso Island formerly Frederik Hendrik Island The river has a length of 853 km 530 mi and is navigable as far as Tanahmerah Geography editSungai Digul Climate chart explanation J F M A M J J A S O N D 464 25 19 396 22 20 342 23 22 346 24 23 249 24 21 178 22 18 28 22 20 51 24 21 93 25 22 235 25 23 336 25 21 355 25 23 Average max and min temperatures in C Precipitation totals in mmSource 8 Imperial conversion JFMAMJJASOND 18 77 66 16 72 68 13 73 72 14 75 73 9 8 75 70 7 72 64 1 1 72 68 2 75 70 3 7 77 72 9 3 77 73 13 77 70 14 77 73 Average max and min temperatures in F Precipitation totals in inches The river flows in the southern area of Papua with predominantly tropical monsoon climate designated as Am in the Koppen Geiger climate classification 9 The annual average temperature in the area is 22 C The warmest month is April when the average temperature is around 24 C and the coldest is June at 20 C 8 The average annual rainfall is 3 072 mm The wettest month is January with an average of 464 mm rainfall and the driest is July with 28 mm rainfall 10 The average rainfall for the whole catchment area between 2002 and 2011 was 3 522 mm 11 Discharge editDigul River discharge Period Average discharge Ref Digul delta 3 867 2 m3 s 136 570 cu ft s 4 1971 2000 3 332 7 m3 s 117 690 cu ft s 1 2002 2011 2 760 m3 s 97 000 cu ft s 11 2015 2019 3 027 89 m3 s 106 929 cu ft s 2 Before delta 1971 2000 2 443 9 m3 s 86 310 cu ft s 1 1979 2015 69 42 km3 a 2 200 m3 s 5 1996 2005 68 251 km3 a 2 162 7 m3 s 12 2002 2011 2 127 m3 s 75 100 cu ft s 11 2003 2015 82 6 km3 a 2 620 m3 s 13 2015 2019 1 999 09 m3 s 70 597 cu ft s 2 Tanah Merah 1971 2000 1 140 7 m3 s 40 280 cu ft s 1 Monthly flow m3 s Month Before delta 2 Delta 4 JAN 2 066 8 4 077 8 FEB 2 401 4 5 137 5 MAR 2 463 6 5 072 1 APR 2 378 9 4 862 5 MAY 2 255 1 4 367 8 JUN 1 793 9 3 244 1 JUL 1 243 1 903 1 AUG 1 149 5 1 766 9 SEP 1 479 3 2 321 5 OCT 1 902 6 3 404 3 NOV 2 426 9 4 944 6 DEC 2 488 2 5 304 Avg 1 999 1 3 867 2Tributaries editThe main tributaries from the mouth 1 3 Left tributary Right tributary Length km Basin size km2 Average discharge m3 s Digul 853 42 142 6 3 332 7 Uwamba 1 268 3 98 8 Mappi 524 98 9 581 7 540 7 Ederah 170 2 277 4 113 2 Kia 1 272 3 68 7 Uwimmerah 6 437 4 777 4 Mandobo 1 397 6 118 9 Anggarap 562 2 55 5 Murup 440 7 50 9 Takum 543 3 60 3 Arup 1 077 8 104 2 Digul Timur 196 06 3 166 541 2 Period 1971 2000See also editList of drainage basins of Indonesia List of rivers of IndonesiaReferences edit a b c d e f g h i j Bulaka a b c d e PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA AIR WILAYAH SUNGAI EINLANDEN DIGUL BIKUMA PDF 2021 a b c d Pemerintah Provinsi Papua a b c d e Firmansyah Rendy Grafik Neraca Air Pulau Papua a b GEF TWAP Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme GEF TWAP Sungai Digul Geonames org Brackman A C Indonesian Communism A History 1963 Praeger Press a b NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index NASA 30 January 2016 Archived from the original on 7 April 2019 Retrieved 29 November 2018 Peel M C Finlayson B L McMahon T A 2007 Updated world map of the Koppen Geiger climate classification Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11 5 1633 1644 Bibcode 2007HESS 11 1633P doi 10 5194 hess 11 1633 2007 NASA Earth Observations Rainfall 1 month TRMM NASA Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission 30 January 2016 Archived from the original on 11 May 2020 Retrieved 29 November 2018 a b c van Beek E Bons K Brinkman J 2013 Final report Einlanden Digul Bikuma basin IWRM case study A Y Hoekstra M M Mekonnen Sep 2011 GLOBAL WATER SCARCITY THE MONTHLY BLUE WATER FOOTPRINT COMPARED TO BLUE WATER AVAILABILITY FOR THE WORLD S MAJOR RIVER BASINS VALUE OF WATER RESEARCH REPORT SERIES NO 53 PDF Radhika Radhika Firmansyah Rendy Hatmoko Waluyo Nov 2017 Computation of surface water availability in Indonesia based on satellite data Jurnal Sumber Daya Air 13 2 115 130 doi 10 32679 jsda v13i2 206 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Digul amp oldid 1221108703, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
