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Diana Mosley

Diana, Lady Mosley (née Mitford; 17 June 1910 – 11 August 2003), known as Diana Guinness between 1929 and 1936, was a British aristocrat, fascist, writer and editor. She was one of the Mitford sisters and the wife of Oswald Mosley, leader of the British Union of Fascists.

Lady Mosley
Born
Diana Freeman-Mitford

(1910-06-17)17 June 1910
London, England
Died11 August 2003(2003-08-11) (aged 93)
Paris, France
Occupation(s)Author, reviewer
Spouses
(m. 1929; div. 1932)
(m. 1936; died 1980)
ChildrenJonathan Guinness, 3rd Baron Moyne
Hon. Desmond Guinness
Alexander Mosley
Max Mosley
Parents
RelativesSee Mitford family

Initially married to Bryan Guinness, heir to the barony of Moyne, who were both part of the Bright Young Things, a social group of young Bohemian socialites in 1920s London, her marriage ended in divorce as she was pursuing a relationship with Oswald Mosley. In 1936, she married Mosley at the home of the propaganda minister for Nazi Germany, Joseph Goebbels, with Adolf Hitler as a guest of honour. Her involvement with fascist political causes resulted in three years' internment during the Second World War, when Britain was at war with the fascist regime of Nazi Germany. She later moved to Paris and enjoyed some success as a writer. In the 1950s, she contributed diaries to Tatler and edited the magazine The European.[1] In 1977, she published her autobiography, A Life of Contrasts,[2] and two more biographies in the 1980s.[3]

Mosley's 1989 appearance on BBC Radio 4's Desert Island Discs was controversial due to her Holocaust denial and admiration of Hitler.[4] She was also a regular book reviewer for Books and Bookmen and later at The Evening Standard in the 1990s.[5] A family friend, James Lees-Milne, wrote of her beauty, "She was the nearest thing to Botticelli's Venus that I have ever seen".[6][7] She was described by obituary writers such as the historian Andrew Roberts as "unrepentant" about her previous political associations.[8][9][6]

Early life edit

Diana Mitford was the fourth child and third daughter of David Freeman-Mitford, 2nd Baron Redesdale (1878–1958), and his wife Sydney (1880–1963).[10] She was a first cousin of Clementine Churchill,[11] second cousin of Sir Angus Ogilvy, and first cousin, twice removed, of Bertrand Russell.[12] She was raised in the country estate of Batsford Park, Gloucestershire, then from the age of 10 at the family home, Asthall Manor in Oxfordshire, and later at Swinbrook House, a home her father had built in the nearby village of Swinbrook.[13]

She was educated at home by a series of governesses, except for a six-month period in 1926, when she was sent to a day school in Paris.[14] In childhood, her younger sisters Jessica Mitford ("Decca") and Deborah ("Debo", later the Duchess of Devonshire), were particularly devoted to her. At the age of 18, shortly after her presentation at Court, she became secretly engaged to Bryan Walter Guinness. In her youth, Mitford was considered part of the social set known as 'The Bright Young Things'.

Marriages edit

Guinness, an Irish aristocrat, writer and brewing heir, would inherit the barony of Moyne. Diana's parents were opposed to the engagement but in time were persuaded; Sydney was particularly uneasy at the thought of two such young people having possession of such a large fortune, but she was eventually convinced Bryan was a suitable husband. They married on 30 January 1929; her sisters Jessica and Deborah were too ill to attend the ceremony. The couple had an income of £20,000 a year, an estate at Biddesden in Wiltshire, and houses in London and Dublin. They were well known for hosting social events involving the Bright Young People. The writer Evelyn Waugh exclaimed that her beauty "ran through the room like a peal of bells", and he dedicated the novel Vile Bodies to her.[15] Portraits of her were painted by Augustus John, Pavel Tchelitchew and Henry Lamb.[16] She was one of a series of society beauties photographed as classical figures by Madame Yevonde.[17] The couple had two sons, Jonathan (b. 1930) and Desmond (1931–2020).

In February 1932, Diana met Sir Oswald Mosley at a garden party at the home of the society hostess Emerald Cunard. He soon became leader of the newly formed British Union of Fascists and Diana became his lover; Mosley was then married to Lady Cynthia Mosley, a daughter of Lord Curzon, a former Viceroy of India, and his first wife, the American mercantile heiress Mary Victoria Leiter. Diana left her husband, "moving with a skeleton staff of nanny, cook, house-parlourmaid and lady's maid to a house at 2 Eaton Square, round the corner from Mosley's flat",[18] but Sir Oswald would not leave his wife. Quite suddenly, Cynthia died in 1933 of peritonitis. Mosley was devastated by the death of his wife, but later started an affair with her younger sister, Lady Alexandra Metcalfe.[19][page needed]

Mitford's parents did not approve of her decision to leave Guinness for Mosley, and she was briefly estranged from most of her family. Her affair and eventual marriage to Mosley also strained relationships with her sisters. Jessica and Deborah were initially not permitted to see Diana, for she was "living in sin" with Mosley in London. Deborah eventually came to know Mosley and ended up liking him very much. Jessica despised Mosley's beliefs and became permanently estranged from Diana in the later 1930s. Pam and her husband Derek Jackson got along well with Mosley. Nancy never liked Mosley and, like Jessica, despised his political beliefs, but was able to learn to tolerate him for the sake of her relationship with Diana. Nancy wrote the novel Wigs on the Green, which satirised Mosley and his beliefs. After it was published in 1935, relations between the sisters became strained-to-non-existent and it was not until the mid-1940s that they were able to get back to being close again.[19][page needed]

The couple rented Wootton Lodge, a country house in Staffordshire that Diana had intended to buy. She furnished much of her new home with much of the Swinbrook furniture that her father was selling.[20] The Mosleys lived at Wootton Lodge along with their children from 1936 to 1939.

Nazi Germany edit

In 1934, Diana visited Germany with her then 19-year-old sister Unity. While there, they attended the first Nuremberg rally after the Nazi rise to power. Unity, a friend of Hitler, introduced Diana to him in March 1935. They returned for the second rally later that year and were entertained as his guests at the 1935 rally. In 1936, he provided a Mercedes-Benz to chauffeur Diana to the Berlin Olympic games. She became well acquainted with Winifred Wagner and Magda Goebbels.

Diana and Oswald secretly married on 6 October 1936 in the drawing room of Nazi propaganda chief Joseph Goebbels. Adolf Hitler, Robert Gordon-Canning and Bill Allen were in attendance.[21] The marriage was kept secret until the birth of their first child in 1938. In August 1939, Hitler told Diana over lunch that war was inevitable.

Mosley and Diana had two sons: (Oswald) Alexander Mosley (born 1938) and Max Rufus Mosley (1940–2021). Hitler presented the couple with a silver framed picture of himself. The Mosleys were interned during much of the Second World War, under Defence Regulation 18B, along with other British fascists including Norah Elam.[22]

MI5 documents released in 2002 described Lady Mosley and her political leanings. "Diana Mosley, wife of Sir Oswald Mosley, is reported on the 'best authority', that of her family and intimate circle, to be a public danger at the present time. Is said to be far cleverer and more dangerous than her husband and will stick at nothing to achieve her ambitions. She is wildly ambitious."[23] On 29 June 1940, eleven weeks after the birth of her fourth son, Max, Diana was arrested (hastily stuffing Hitler's photograph under Max's cot mattress when the police came to arrest her) and taken to a cell in F Block in London's Holloway Prison for women. She and her husband were held without charge or trial under the provisions of 18B, on the advice of MI5. The couple were initially held separately but, after personal intervention by Churchill, in December 1941, Mosley and two other 18B husbands (one of them Mosley's friend Captain H.W. Luttman-Johnson) were permitted to join their wives at Holloway. After more than three years' imprisonment, they were both released in November 1943 on the grounds of Mosley's ill health; they were placed under house arrest until the end of the war and were denied passports until 1949.[24]

Lady Mosley's prison time failed to disturb her approach to life; she remarked in her later years that she felt better treated than earlier prisoners.[25]

According to an anecdote in her The Daily Telegraph obituary, Evelyn Waugh saw Lady Mosley wear a diamond swastika brooch among her jewels as she left prison.[14]

Post-war edit

After the war ended, the couple kept homes in Ireland, with apartments in London and Paris. Their recently renovated Clonfert home, a former Bishop's palace, burned down in an accidental fire. In her memoirs, Diana blamed her cook, writing that the fire could have been extinguished had it not been for the cook who ran back to her room to retrieve her possessions and in doing so delayed efforts to control the fire. Following this, they moved to a home near Fermoy, County Cork, later settling permanently in France, at the Temple de la Gloire, a Palladian temple in Orsay, southwest of Paris, in 1950 (built in 1801 to honour the French victory of December 1800 at Hohenlinden, near Munich). Gaston and Bettina Bergery had told the Mosleys that the property was on the market. They were neighbours of the Duke and Duchess of Windsor, who lived in the neighbouring town Gif-sur-Yvette, and soon became their close friends.

Once again they became known for entertaining, but were barred from all functions at the British Embassy.[26] During their time in France, the Mosleys quietly went through another marriage ceremony; Hitler had safeguarded their original marriage licence, and it was never found after the war. During this period, Mosley was unfaithful to Diana, but she found for the most part that she was able to learn to keep herself from getting too upset regarding his adulterous habits. She told an interviewer: "I think if you're going to mind infidelity, you better call it a day as far as marriage goes. Because who has ever remained faithful? I mean, they don't. There's passion and that's it."[26] Diana was also a lifelong supporter of the British Union of Fascists (BUF), and its postwar successor the Union Movement.

At times, she was vague when discussing her loyalties to Britain, her strong belief in fascism, and her attitude to Jews. In her 1977 autobiography A Life of Contrasts, she wrote, "I didn't love Hitler any more than I did Winston [Churchill]. I can't regret it, it was so interesting." In her final interviews with Duncan Fallowell in 2002, she responded that her reaction to the newsreels of death camps was "Well, of course, horror. Utter horror. Exactly the same probably as your reactions." However, when asked about having revulsion against Hitler for this, she said that "I had a complete revulsion against the people who did it but I could never efface from my memory the man I had actually experienced before the war. A very complicated feeling. I can't really relate those two things to each other. I know I'm not supposed to say that but I just have to."[26] At other times, however, she behaved so as to suggest intense anti-semitic attitudes; the journalist Paul Callan remembered mentioning that he was Jewish while interviewing her husband in Diana's presence. According to Callan, "I mentioned, just in the course of conversation, that I was Jewish—at which Lady Mosley went ashen, snapped a crimson nail and left the room ... No explanation was given but she would later write to a friend: 'A nice, polite reporter came to interview Tom [as Mosley was known] but he turned out to be Jewish and was sitting there at our table. They are a very clever race and come in all shapes and sizes.'"[7] Diana offered to entertain her teenage half-Jewish nephew, Benjamin Treuhaft, on a trip to France. The offer was refused by Benjamin's mother, Jessica, who remained estranged from Diana over the latter's political past.[27] In a 2000 interview with The Guardian, Diana said that "Maybe instead they [European Jews] could have gone somewhere like Uganda: very empty and a lovely climate"[28] (a reference to the Uganda Scheme proposed by Zionists in 1903).

Her appearance on the BBC Radio 4 programme Desert Island Discs with Sue Lawley in 1989 remains controversial due to Mosley's Holocaust denial and admiration of Hitler.[4] Mosley told Lawley that she had not believed the extermination of Jews by Nazi Germany until "years" after the war, and that she thought the official death figure of six million Jewish victims was too high.[29] The broadcast of this episode had to be rescheduled several times because it kept coinciding with Jewish holidays[26] and prompted hundreds of complaints to the BBC.[30] In 2016, a writer at the BBC described it as the most controversial of all Desert Island Discs episodes.[31] Her choices of music to be played on Desert Island Discs were: Symphony No. 41 (Mozart), "Casta Diva" from Norma (Bellini), "Ode to Joy" (Beethoven), Die Walküre (Wagner), Liebestod (Wagner), "L'amour est un oiseau rebelle" from Carmen (Bizet), "A Whiter Shade of Pale" (Procol Harum) and Polonaise in F-sharp minor (Chopin).[32]

After their early twenties, Diana and her sister Jessica only saw each other once, when they met for half an hour as their elder sister, Nancy, lay dying in Versailles. Diana said of Jessica in 1996: "I quite honestly don't mind what Decca [Jessica] says or thinks," adding that "She means absolutely nothing to me at all. Not because she's a Communist but simply because she's a rather boring person, really."[33]

In 1998, due to her advancing age, she moved out of the Temple de la Gloire and into an apartment in the 7th arrondissement of Paris.[26] Temple de la Gloire was sold in 2000 for £1 million. Throughout much of her life, particularly after her years in prison, she was afflicted by regular bouts of migraines. In 1981, she underwent successful surgery to remove a brain tumour. She convalesced at Chatsworth House, the residence of her sister Deborah. In the early 1990s, she was also successfully treated for skin cancer. In later life, she also suffered from deafness.[34]

Mosley attended the funeral of René de Chambrun, the son-in-law of Vichy France Prime Minister Pierre Laval, in 2002.[35]

Writer edit

Mosley was shunned in the British media for a period after the war, and the couple established their own publishing company, Euphorion Books, named after a character in Goethe's Faust. This allowed Oswald to publish, and Diana was free to commission a cultural list. After his release from jail, Oswald declared the death of fascism. Diana initially translated Goethe's Faust. Other notable books published by Euphorion under her aegis included La Princesse de Clèves (translated by Nancy, 1950), Niki Lauda's memoirs (1985), and Hans-Ulrich Rudel's memoirs, Stuka Pilot. She also edited several of her husband's books.

While in France, Mosley edited the fascist cultural magazine The European for six years, and to which she sometimes contributed material. She provided articles, book reviews, and regular diary entries. Many of her contributions were republished in 2008 in The Pursuit of Laughter. In 1965, she was commissioned to write the regular column "Letters from Paris" for Tatler. She reviewed autobiographical and biographical accounts as well as the occasional novel. Characteristically she would provide commentary of her own experiences and personal information of the subject of the book under discussion. She wrote regularly for Books and Bookmen. Her 1980 review of a biography on Magda Goebbels attracted attention from Christopher Hitchens.[36] Hitchens objected to a passage where Mosley wrote: "Everyone knows the tragic end. As the Russians surrounded Berlin, the Goebbels painlessly killed their children and then themselves. The dead children were described by people who saw them as looking 'peacefully asleep'. Those who condemn this appalling, Masada-like deed must consider the alternative facing the distraught Magda." Hitchens insisted that the New Statesman issue an editorial condemning the Masada trope.[37] In her eighties, Mosley became the lead reviewer for the London Evening Standard during A. N. Wilson's seven-year tenure as literary editor.[38] In 1996, following Wilson's departure, his successor was asked by the new editor of the newspaper, Max Hastings to stop running Mosley's reviews. Hastings is reported to have said that he did not want any more "bloody Lady Hitler" in the newspaper.[38]

Mosley wrote the foreword and introduction of Nancy Mitford: A Memoir by Harold Acton. She produced her own two books of memoirs: A Life of Contrasts (1977, Hamish Hamilton), and Loved Ones (1985). The latter is a collection of pen portraits of close relatives and friends such as the writer Evelyn Waugh among others. In 1980, she released The Duchess of Windsor, a biography.

In 2007, letters between the Mitford sisters, including communications to and from Diana, were published in the compilation The Mitfords: Letters Between Six Sisters, edited by Charlotte Mosley. The Sunday Times journalist India Knight described her (and Unity) as "both chilling and gruesomely fascinating".[39] A following collection consisting of her letters, articles, diaries and reviews was released as The Pursuit of Laughter in December 2008.

Death edit

Mosley died in Paris in August 2003, aged 93. Her cause of death was given as complications related to a stroke she had suffered a week earlier, but reports later surfaced that she had been one of the many elderly fatalities of the heat wave of 2003 in mostly non-air-conditioned Paris.[40] She was buried at St Mary's Churchyard, Swinbrook, Oxfordshire,[23] alongside her sisters.[41]

She was survived by her four sons: Jonathan and Desmond Guinness, and Alexander and Max Mosley. Her stepson Nicholas Mosley was a novelist who also wrote a critical memoir of his father for which Mosley reportedly never forgave him, despite their previously close relationship. A great-granddaughter, Jasmine Guinness, a great-niece, Stella Tennant and a granddaughter, Daphne Guinness are models.[42]

British journalist Andrew Roberts criticised Mosley following her death in the pages of The Daily Telegraph (16 August 2003), reporting that when he interviewed her for his book Eminent Churchillians, she had surprised him by not serving up a "David Irving-style refutation" of the Holocaust by declaring "I'm sure he [Hitler] was to blame for the extermination of the Jews. He was to blame for everything, and I say that as someone who approved of him." However, her other remarks about Hitler showed the lifelong "same disdain for equivocation" she had always displayed, prompting him to call her an "unrepentant Nazi and effortlessly charming", and her views "disgusting, unchanged" and "repulsive".[8] A. N. Wilson wrote for the same newspaper and said that her public loyalty for Oswald and Hitler were disastrous mistakes, claiming that privately Mosley had admitted that the Nazis were "really rather awful".[34] Three days later, letters to the editor from both her son, Jonathan Guinness, Lord Moyne, and his daughter (her granddaughter), Daphne Guinness, attempted to refute Roberts' statements by citing her "lack of hypocrisy", claiming Mosley's "upper-class etiquette" would prohibit giving any sort of explanation or an apology to a journalist, and that regardless of her giving a Hitler salute during the singing of God Save The King in 1935, she was never a threat to wartime Britain.[43]

A sarcastic commentary by Canadian human-rights activist and Telegraph columnist Mark Steyn appeared in the same issue. He described Mosley’s unwavering allegiance to Hitler and fascism as that of "a silly kid".[44] An equally "indulgently dismissive attitude" of her opinions was seconded in the Sunday edition in an interview with her stepson Nicholas Mosley, with whom she had refused to speak for over two decades after the publication of Beyond the Pale, his unfavorable memoir of her husband.[45]

In literature and film edit

Mosley inspired the protagonist of the 2018 novel After the Party by Cressida Connolly.[46] She is portrayed extensively in the sixth and final season of Peaky Blinders.[47]

Bibliography edit

Sources edit

  • Dalley, Jan (1999). Diana Mosley: a life. London: Faber & Faber. ISBN 0-571-14448-9.
  • de Courcy, Anne (2003). Diana Mosley: Mitford Beauty, British Fascist, Hitler's Angel. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 9780062381675.
  • de Courcy, Anne. Diana Mosley née Mitford. Le Rocher. (French edition)
  • Guinness, Jonathan; Guinness, Catherine (1984). The House of Mitford. London: Hutchinson. ISBN 0-09-155560-4.
  • Lovell, Mary S (2001). The Mitford Girls (paperback ed.). London. ISBN 978-0-349-11505-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Mosley, Charlotte (2007). The Mitfords: letters between six sisters. London: Fourth Estate. ISBN 978-1-84115-790-0.
  • Mosley, Diana (2003) [1977]. A Life of Contrasts (paperback ed.). London. ISBN 1-903933-20-X.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Mosley, Diana (1985). Loved Ones. London: Sidgwick & Jackson. ISBN 0-283-99155-0.

References edit

  1. ^ Mitford, Diana (2008). The Pursuit of Laughter. Gibson Square books.
  2. ^ Dalley, Jan. "Diana Mosley". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
  3. ^ "Diana Mitford". The Independent. 13 August 2003.[dead link]
  4. ^ a b Sawer, Patrick (12 February 2022). "BBC fails to put content warning on Holocaust denial Desert Island Discs episode". The Telegraph. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
  5. ^ Hastings, Selina (20 December 2008). . The Spectator. Archived from the original on 8 May 2010.
  6. ^ a b Lyall, Sarah (14 August 2003). "Lady Diana Mosley, Fascist Who Dazzled, Is Dead at 93". World. The New York Times.
  7. ^ a b Callan, Paul (12 September 2009). "Hitler's aristocratic admirers". Daily Express.
  8. ^ a b Diana Mosley, unrepentantly Nazi and effortlessly charming The Telegraph. 13 August 2003
  9. ^ Diana Mosley, Hitler's angel, dies unrepentant in Paris The Guardian. 13 August 2003
  10. ^ Peek, Laura (13 August 2003). "Diana Mosley's death ends link to 1930s Fascism". The Times. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  11. ^ Dalley 1999, p. 49.
  12. ^ de Courcy 2003, p. 3.
  13. ^ "From Chatsworth to Temple de la Gloire, the grandest houses that were once home to the Mitford sisters". Tatler. 6 May 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  14. ^ a b "Lady Mosley". The Daily Telegraph. London. 13 August 2003.
  15. ^ "The Hon Lady Mosley". The Times. London. 13 August 2003. Evelyn Waugh dedicated Vile Bodies to her.
  16. ^ "Obituary: Lady Diana Mosley". BBC News. 13 August 2003.
  17. ^ "Madame Yevonde's Goddesses – in pictures". The Observer. 8 May 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  18. ^ "Hitler was her 'Uncle Wolf'". 17 November 2003 – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
  19. ^ a b de Courcy 2003.
  20. ^ de Courcy, Anne (4 January 2004). "Hand in hand with Hitler". The Age. Melbourne.
  21. ^ Mosley, Charlotte, ed. (2007). The Mitfords: Letters between Six Sisters. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-137364-0.
  22. ^ McPherson, Angela; McPherson, Susan (2011). Mosley's Old Suffragette – A Biography of Norah Elam. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-1-4466-9967-6.
  23. ^ a b "Oswald Mosley's widow dies". BBC News. 13 August 2003.
  24. ^ de Courcy, Anne (2003). Diana Mosley. London: Chatto & Windus, p. 297 ISBN 0-06-056532-2
  25. ^ Mosley, Oswald (1968). (PDF). pp. 342–343. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2006.
  26. ^ a b c d e "Focus: Diana Mosley – The last bright young thing". The Independent, 17 August 2003.
  27. ^ "Obituary: Jessica Mitford". The Independent, 25 July 1996.
  28. ^ "'Maybe the Jews could have gone somewhere like Uganda: empty and a lovely climate'." The Guardian. London. 23 November 2000.
  29. ^ Desert Island Discs - Castaway: Lady Mosley. BBC. 26 November 1989. Event occurs between 16:30 and 17:25.
  30. ^ Roberts, Laura (2 March 2011). "Desert Island Discs' most controversial castaways". The Telegraph. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
  31. ^ Desert Island Discs: 7 of the most shocking episodes BBC. 1 August 2016
  32. ^ Desert Island Discs - Castaway: Lady Mosley. BBC. 26 November 1989. Event occurs between 01:00 and 05:20.
  33. ^ "No unity for the Mitfords - even beyond the grave." The Independent, 17 February 1997.
  34. ^ a b Wilson, A.N. (13 August 2003). "A lifetime staying loyal to her mistakes". The Telegraph. London. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
  35. ^ Pourcher, Yves (Spring 2012). "Laval Museum". Historical Reflections. 38 (1): 122. doi:10.3167/hrrh.2012.380108.
  36. ^ Friends and enemies The Spectator. 12 December 2008
  37. ^ What a lot of parties London Review of Books. 30 September 1999
  38. ^ a b The Pursuit of Laughter by Diana Mosley London Evening Standard. 5 January 2009
  39. ^ Knight, India (2 September 2007). . The Sunday Times. London. Archived from the original on 16 June 2011.
  40. ^ "Mitford sister who befriended Hitler dies, aged 93". The Age. Melbourne. 14 August 2003.
  41. ^ Wilson, Scott. Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Location 32826). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition.
  42. ^ Lovell, Mary S. (2002). The Sisters: The Saga of the Mitford Family. New York: Norton. ISBN 0-393-01043-0.
  43. ^ [1] The Telegraph. 16 August 2003
  44. ^ "Aside from the Hitler thing, Diana was the best kind of girl", The Telegraph, 16 August 2003
  45. ^ [2] Bearn, Emily, "My 'Fiendish' Stepmother", The Sunday Telegraph, 17 August 2003
  46. ^ Mundow, Anna: "‘After the Party’ Review: The Wrong Sort of People", The Wall Street Journal, 17 May 2019
  47. ^ "The True Story Behind the Final Season of Peaky Blinders: Who Was the Real Diana Mitford?". Town & Country. 11 June 2022. Retrieved 20 December 2023.

External links edit

  Media related to Diana Mitford at Wikimedia Commons

  • Diana Mosley: The MI5 View – new files released from the National Archives shed new light on M15 surveillance of Mosley

diana, mosley, diana, lady, mosley, née, mitford, june, 1910, august, 2003, known, diana, guinness, between, 1929, 1936, british, aristocrat, fascist, writer, editor, mitford, sisters, wife, oswald, mosley, leader, british, union, fascists, honourablelady, mos. Diana Lady Mosley nee Mitford 17 June 1910 11 August 2003 known as Diana Guinness between 1929 and 1936 was a British aristocrat fascist writer and editor She was one of the Mitford sisters and the wife of Oswald Mosley leader of the British Union of Fascists The HonourableLady MosleyBornDiana Freeman Mitford 1910 06 17 17 June 1910London EnglandDied11 August 2003 2003 08 11 aged 93 Paris FranceOccupation s Author reviewerSpousesHon Bryan Guinness m 1929 div 1932 wbr Sir Oswald Mosley 6th Baronet m 1936 died 1980 wbr ChildrenJonathan Guinness 3rd Baron MoyneHon Desmond GuinnessAlexander MosleyMax MosleyParentsDavid Mitford 2nd Baron Redesdale father Sydney Bowles mother RelativesSee Mitford family Initially married to Bryan Guinness heir to the barony of Moyne who were both part of the Bright Young Things a social group of young Bohemian socialites in 1920s London her marriage ended in divorce as she was pursuing a relationship with Oswald Mosley In 1936 she married Mosley at the home of the propaganda minister for Nazi Germany Joseph Goebbels with Adolf Hitler as a guest of honour Her involvement with fascist political causes resulted in three years internment during the Second World War when Britain was at war with the fascist regime of Nazi Germany She later moved to Paris and enjoyed some success as a writer In the 1950s she contributed diaries to Tatler and edited the magazine The European 1 In 1977 she published her autobiography A Life of Contrasts 2 and two more biographies in the 1980s 3 Mosley s 1989 appearance on BBC Radio 4 s Desert Island Discs was controversial due to her Holocaust denial and admiration of Hitler 4 She was also a regular book reviewer for Books and Bookmen and later at The Evening Standard in the 1990s 5 A family friend James Lees Milne wrote of her beauty She was the nearest thing to Botticelli s Venus that I have ever seen 6 7 She was described by obituary writers such as the historian Andrew Roberts as unrepentant about her previous political associations 8 9 6 Contents 1 Early life 2 Marriages 3 Nazi Germany 4 Post war 5 Writer 6 Death 7 In literature and film 8 Bibliography 9 Sources 10 References 11 External linksEarly life editDiana Mitford was the fourth child and third daughter of David Freeman Mitford 2nd Baron Redesdale 1878 1958 and his wife Sydney 1880 1963 10 She was a first cousin of Clementine Churchill 11 second cousin of Sir Angus Ogilvy and first cousin twice removed of Bertrand Russell 12 She was raised in the country estate of Batsford Park Gloucestershire then from the age of 10 at the family home Asthall Manor in Oxfordshire and later at Swinbrook House a home her father had built in the nearby village of Swinbrook 13 She was educated at home by a series of governesses except for a six month period in 1926 when she was sent to a day school in Paris 14 In childhood her younger sisters Jessica Mitford Decca and Deborah Debo later the Duchess of Devonshire were particularly devoted to her At the age of 18 shortly after her presentation at Court she became secretly engaged to Bryan Walter Guinness In her youth Mitford was considered part of the social set known as The Bright Young Things Marriages editGuinness an Irish aristocrat writer and brewing heir would inherit the barony of Moyne Diana s parents were opposed to the engagement but in time were persuaded Sydney was particularly uneasy at the thought of two such young people having possession of such a large fortune but she was eventually convinced Bryan was a suitable husband They married on 30 January 1929 her sisters Jessica and Deborah were too ill to attend the ceremony The couple had an income of 20 000 a year an estate at Biddesden in Wiltshire and houses in London and Dublin They were well known for hosting social events involving the Bright Young People The writer Evelyn Waugh exclaimed that her beauty ran through the room like a peal of bells and he dedicated the novel Vile Bodies to her 15 Portraits of her were painted by Augustus John Pavel Tchelitchew and Henry Lamb 16 She was one of a series of society beauties photographed as classical figures by Madame Yevonde 17 The couple had two sons Jonathan b 1930 and Desmond 1931 2020 In February 1932 Diana met Sir Oswald Mosley at a garden party at the home of the society hostess Emerald Cunard He soon became leader of the newly formed British Union of Fascists and Diana became his lover Mosley was then married to Lady Cynthia Mosley a daughter of Lord Curzon a former Viceroy of India and his first wife the American mercantile heiress Mary Victoria Leiter Diana left her husband moving with a skeleton staff of nanny cook house parlourmaid and lady s maid to a house at 2 Eaton Square round the corner from Mosley s flat 18 but Sir Oswald would not leave his wife Quite suddenly Cynthia died in 1933 of peritonitis Mosley was devastated by the death of his wife but later started an affair with her younger sister Lady Alexandra Metcalfe 19 page needed Mitford s parents did not approve of her decision to leave Guinness for Mosley and she was briefly estranged from most of her family Her affair and eventual marriage to Mosley also strained relationships with her sisters Jessica and Deborah were initially not permitted to see Diana for she was living in sin with Mosley in London Deborah eventually came to know Mosley and ended up liking him very much Jessica despised Mosley s beliefs and became permanently estranged from Diana in the later 1930s Pam and her husband Derek Jackson got along well with Mosley Nancy never liked Mosley and like Jessica despised his political beliefs but was able to learn to tolerate him for the sake of her relationship with Diana Nancy wrote the novel Wigs on the Green which satirised Mosley and his beliefs After it was published in 1935 relations between the sisters became strained to non existent and it was not until the mid 1940s that they were able to get back to being close again 19 page needed The couple rented Wootton Lodge a country house in Staffordshire that Diana had intended to buy She furnished much of her new home with much of the Swinbrook furniture that her father was selling 20 The Mosleys lived at Wootton Lodge along with their children from 1936 to 1939 nbsp The Mitford family in 1928 Front row from left to right the mother Sydney Bowles the daughters Unity Jessica and Deborah the father David Freeman Mitford 2nd baron Redesdale second row Diana and Pamela back row Nancy and Tom nbsp Diana Mitford and Bryan Guinness on their honeymoon in Taormina Italy 1929 nbsp Diana on 27 January 1932 nbsp Nancy Diana Unity and Jessica Mitford nbsp Rear view of Asthall Manor the Mitford family home in Oxfordshire nbsp Oswald Mosley Diana s second husband nbsp Diana s grave at far right next to those of her sisters Unity and Nancy at St Mary s Church Swinbrook in Oxfordshire nbsp Temple de la Gloire Orsay Paris Diana s long term home after the war Nazi Germany editIn 1934 Diana visited Germany with her then 19 year old sister Unity While there they attended the first Nuremberg rally after the Nazi rise to power Unity a friend of Hitler introduced Diana to him in March 1935 They returned for the second rally later that year and were entertained as his guests at the 1935 rally In 1936 he provided a Mercedes Benz to chauffeur Diana to the Berlin Olympic games She became well acquainted with Winifred Wagner and Magda Goebbels Diana and Oswald secretly married on 6 October 1936 in the drawing room of Nazi propaganda chief Joseph Goebbels Adolf Hitler Robert Gordon Canning and Bill Allen were in attendance 21 The marriage was kept secret until the birth of their first child in 1938 In August 1939 Hitler told Diana over lunch that war was inevitable Mosley and Diana had two sons Oswald Alexander Mosley born 1938 and Max Rufus Mosley 1940 2021 Hitler presented the couple with a silver framed picture of himself The Mosleys were interned during much of the Second World War under Defence Regulation 18B along with other British fascists including Norah Elam 22 MI5 documents released in 2002 described Lady Mosley and her political leanings Diana Mosley wife of Sir Oswald Mosley is reported on the best authority that of her family and intimate circle to be a public danger at the present time Is said to be far cleverer and more dangerous than her husband and will stick at nothing to achieve her ambitions She is wildly ambitious 23 On 29 June 1940 eleven weeks after the birth of her fourth son Max Diana was arrested hastily stuffing Hitler s photograph under Max s cot mattress when the police came to arrest her and taken to a cell in F Block in London s Holloway Prison for women She and her husband were held without charge or trial under the provisions of 18B on the advice of MI5 The couple were initially held separately but after personal intervention by Churchill in December 1941 Mosley and two other 18B husbands one of them Mosley s friend Captain H W Luttman Johnson were permitted to join their wives at Holloway After more than three years imprisonment they were both released in November 1943 on the grounds of Mosley s ill health they were placed under house arrest until the end of the war and were denied passports until 1949 24 Lady Mosley s prison time failed to disturb her approach to life she remarked in her later years that she felt better treated than earlier prisoners 25 According to an anecdote in her The Daily Telegraph obituary Evelyn Waugh saw Lady Mosley wear a diamond swastika brooch among her jewels as she left prison 14 Post war editAfter the war ended the couple kept homes in Ireland with apartments in London and Paris Their recently renovated Clonfert home a former Bishop s palace burned down in an accidental fire In her memoirs Diana blamed her cook writing that the fire could have been extinguished had it not been for the cook who ran back to her room to retrieve her possessions and in doing so delayed efforts to control the fire Following this they moved to a home near Fermoy County Cork later settling permanently in France at the Temple de la Gloire a Palladian temple in Orsay southwest of Paris in 1950 built in 1801 to honour the French victory of December 1800 at Hohenlinden near Munich Gaston and Bettina Bergery had told the Mosleys that the property was on the market They were neighbours of the Duke and Duchess of Windsor who lived in the neighbouring town Gif sur Yvette and soon became their close friends Once again they became known for entertaining but were barred from all functions at the British Embassy 26 During their time in France the Mosleys quietly went through another marriage ceremony Hitler had safeguarded their original marriage licence and it was never found after the war During this period Mosley was unfaithful to Diana but she found for the most part that she was able to learn to keep herself from getting too upset regarding his adulterous habits She told an interviewer I think if you re going to mind infidelity you better call it a day as far as marriage goes Because who has ever remained faithful I mean they don t There s passion and that s it 26 Diana was also a lifelong supporter of the British Union of Fascists BUF and its postwar successor the Union Movement At times she was vague when discussing her loyalties to Britain her strong belief in fascism and her attitude to Jews In her 1977 autobiography A Life of Contrasts she wrote I didn t love Hitler any more than I did Winston Churchill I can t regret it it was so interesting In her final interviews with Duncan Fallowell in 2002 she responded that her reaction to the newsreels of death camps was Well of course horror Utter horror Exactly the same probably as your reactions However when asked about having revulsion against Hitler for this she said that I had a complete revulsion against the people who did it but I could never efface from my memory the man I had actually experienced before the war A very complicated feeling I can t really relate those two things to each other I know I m not supposed to say that but I just have to 26 At other times however she behaved so as to suggest intense anti semitic attitudes the journalist Paul Callan remembered mentioning that he was Jewish while interviewing her husband in Diana s presence According to Callan I mentioned just in the course of conversation that I was Jewish at which Lady Mosley went ashen snapped a crimson nail and left the room No explanation was given but she would later write to a friend A nice polite reporter came to interview Tom as Mosley was known but he turned out to be Jewish and was sitting there at our table They are a very clever race and come in all shapes and sizes 7 Diana offered to entertain her teenage half Jewish nephew Benjamin Treuhaft on a trip to France The offer was refused by Benjamin s mother Jessica who remained estranged from Diana over the latter s political past 27 In a 2000 interview with The Guardian Diana said that Maybe instead they European Jews could have gone somewhere like Uganda very empty and a lovely climate 28 a reference to the Uganda Scheme proposed by Zionists in 1903 Her appearance on the BBC Radio 4 programme Desert Island Discs with Sue Lawley in 1989 remains controversial due to Mosley s Holocaust denial and admiration of Hitler 4 Mosley told Lawley that she had not believed the extermination of Jews by Nazi Germany until years after the war and that she thought the official death figure of six million Jewish victims was too high 29 The broadcast of this episode had to be rescheduled several times because it kept coinciding with Jewish holidays 26 and prompted hundreds of complaints to the BBC 30 In 2016 a writer at the BBC described it as the most controversial of all Desert Island Discs episodes 31 Her choices of music to be played on Desert Island Discs were Symphony No 41 Mozart Casta Diva from Norma Bellini Ode to Joy Beethoven Die Walkure Wagner Liebestod Wagner L amour est un oiseau rebelle from Carmen Bizet A Whiter Shade of Pale Procol Harum and Polonaise in F sharp minor Chopin 32 After their early twenties Diana and her sister Jessica only saw each other once when they met for half an hour as their elder sister Nancy lay dying in Versailles Diana said of Jessica in 1996 I quite honestly don t mind what Decca Jessica says or thinks adding that She means absolutely nothing to me at all Not because she s a Communist but simply because she s a rather boring person really 33 In 1998 due to her advancing age she moved out of the Temple de la Gloire and into an apartment in the 7th arrondissement of Paris 26 Temple de la Gloire was sold in 2000 for 1 million Throughout much of her life particularly after her years in prison she was afflicted by regular bouts of migraines In 1981 she underwent successful surgery to remove a brain tumour She convalesced at Chatsworth House the residence of her sister Deborah In the early 1990s she was also successfully treated for skin cancer In later life she also suffered from deafness 34 Mosley attended the funeral of Rene de Chambrun the son in law of Vichy France Prime Minister Pierre Laval in 2002 35 Writer editMosley was shunned in the British media for a period after the war and the couple established their own publishing company Euphorion Books named after a character in Goethe s Faust This allowed Oswald to publish and Diana was free to commission a cultural list After his release from jail Oswald declared the death of fascism Diana initially translated Goethe s Faust Other notable books published by Euphorion under her aegis included La Princesse de Cleves translated by Nancy 1950 Niki Lauda s memoirs 1985 and Hans Ulrich Rudel s memoirs Stuka Pilot She also edited several of her husband s books While in France Mosley edited the fascist cultural magazine The European for six years and to which she sometimes contributed material She provided articles book reviews and regular diary entries Many of her contributions were republished in 2008 in The Pursuit of Laughter In 1965 she was commissioned to write the regular column Letters from Paris for Tatler She reviewed autobiographical and biographical accounts as well as the occasional novel Characteristically she would provide commentary of her own experiences and personal information of the subject of the book under discussion She wrote regularly for Books and Bookmen Her 1980 review of a biography on Magda Goebbels attracted attention from Christopher Hitchens 36 Hitchens objected to a passage where Mosley wrote Everyone knows the tragic end As the Russians surrounded Berlin the Goebbels painlessly killed their children and then themselves The dead children were described by people who saw them as looking peacefully asleep Those who condemn this appalling Masada like deed must consider the alternative facing the distraught Magda Hitchens insisted that the New Statesman issue an editorial condemning the Masada trope 37 In her eighties Mosley became the lead reviewer for the London Evening Standard during A N Wilson s seven year tenure as literary editor 38 In 1996 following Wilson s departure his successor was asked by the new editor of the newspaper Max Hastings to stop running Mosley s reviews Hastings is reported to have said that he did not want any more bloody Lady Hitler in the newspaper 38 Mosley wrote the foreword and introduction of Nancy Mitford A Memoir by Harold Acton She produced her own two books of memoirs A Life of Contrasts 1977 Hamish Hamilton and Loved Ones 1985 The latter is a collection of pen portraits of close relatives and friends such as the writer Evelyn Waugh among others In 1980 she released The Duchess of Windsor a biography In 2007 letters between the Mitford sisters including communications to and from Diana were published in the compilation The Mitfords Letters Between Six Sisters edited by Charlotte Mosley The Sunday Times journalist India Knight described her and Unity as both chilling and gruesomely fascinating 39 A following collection consisting of her letters articles diaries and reviews was released as The Pursuit of Laughter in December 2008 Death editMosley died in Paris in August 2003 aged 93 Her cause of death was given as complications related to a stroke she had suffered a week earlier but reports later surfaced that she had been one of the many elderly fatalities of the heat wave of 2003 in mostly non air conditioned Paris 40 She was buried at St Mary s Churchyard Swinbrook Oxfordshire 23 alongside her sisters 41 She was survived by her four sons Jonathan and Desmond Guinness and Alexander and Max Mosley Her stepson Nicholas Mosley was a novelist who also wrote a critical memoir of his father for which Mosley reportedly never forgave him despite their previously close relationship A great granddaughter Jasmine Guinness a great niece Stella Tennant and a granddaughter Daphne Guinness are models 42 British journalist Andrew Roberts criticised Mosley following her death in the pages of The Daily Telegraph 16 August 2003 reporting that when he interviewed her for his book Eminent Churchillians she had surprised him by not serving up a David Irving style refutation of the Holocaust by declaring I m sure he Hitler was to blame for the extermination of the Jews He was to blame for everything and I say that as someone who approved of him However her other remarks about Hitler showed the lifelong same disdain for equivocation she had always displayed prompting him to call her an unrepentant Nazi and effortlessly charming and her views disgusting unchanged and repulsive 8 A N Wilson wrote for the same newspaper and said that her public loyalty for Oswald and Hitler were disastrous mistakes claiming that privately Mosley had admitted that the Nazis were really rather awful 34 Three days later letters to the editor from both her son Jonathan Guinness Lord Moyne and his daughter her granddaughter Daphne Guinness attempted to refute Roberts statements by citing her lack of hypocrisy claiming Mosley s upper class etiquette would prohibit giving any sort of explanation or an apology to a journalist and that regardless of her giving a Hitler salute during the singing of God Save The King in 1935 she was never a threat to wartime Britain 43 A sarcastic commentary by Canadian human rights activist and Telegraph columnist Mark Steyn appeared in the same issue He described Mosley s unwavering allegiance to Hitler and fascism as that of a silly kid 44 An equally indulgently dismissive attitude of her opinions was seconded in the Sunday edition in an interview with her stepson Nicholas Mosley with whom she had refused to speak for over two decades after the publication of Beyond the Pale his unfavorable memoir of her husband 45 In literature and film editMosley inspired the protagonist of the 2018 novel After the Party by Cressida Connolly 46 She is portrayed extensively in the sixth and final season of Peaky Blinders 47 Bibliography editA Life of Contrasts 1977 Loved Ones 1985 The Duchess of Windsor 1980 The Pursuit of Laughter 2008 Provided introduction and foreword to Nancy Mitford A Memoir by Harold Acton 1975 Collection of letters between the six Mitford sisters The Mitfords Letters Between Six Sisters 2007 Sources editDalley Jan 1999 Diana Mosley a life London Faber amp Faber ISBN 0 571 14448 9 de Courcy Anne 2003 Diana Mosley Mitford Beauty British Fascist Hitler s Angel New York HarperCollins ISBN 9780062381675 de Courcy Anne Diana Mosley nee Mitford Le Rocher French edition Guinness Jonathan Guinness Catherine 1984 The House of Mitford London Hutchinson ISBN 0 09 155560 4 Lovell Mary S 2001 The Mitford Girls paperback ed London ISBN 978 0 349 11505 4 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Mosley Charlotte 2007 The Mitfords letters between six sisters London Fourth Estate ISBN 978 1 84115 790 0 Mosley Diana 2003 1977 A Life of Contrasts paperback ed London ISBN 1 903933 20 X a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Mosley Diana 1985 Loved Ones London Sidgwick amp Jackson ISBN 0 283 99155 0 References edit Mitford Diana 2008 The Pursuit of Laughter Gibson Square books Dalley Jan Diana Mosley The New York Times Retrieved 6 September 2010 Diana Mitford The Independent 13 August 2003 dead link a b Sawer Patrick 12 February 2022 BBC fails to put content warning on Holocaust denial Desert Island Discs episode The Telegraph Retrieved 10 April 2022 Hastings Selina 20 December 2008 Friends and Enemies The Spectator Archived from the original on 8 May 2010 a b Lyall Sarah 14 August 2003 Lady Diana Mosley Fascist Who Dazzled Is Dead at 93 World The New York Times a b Callan Paul 12 September 2009 Hitler s aristocratic admirers Daily Express a b Diana Mosley unrepentantly Nazi and effortlessly charming The Telegraph 13 August 2003 Diana Mosley Hitler s angel dies unrepentant in Paris The Guardian 13 August 2003 Peek Laura 13 August 2003 Diana Mosley s death ends link to 1930s Fascism The Times Retrieved 11 April 2022 Dalley 1999 p 49 de Courcy 2003 p 3 From Chatsworth to Temple de la Gloire the grandest houses that were once home to the Mitford sisters Tatler 6 May 2021 Retrieved 11 April 2022 a b Lady Mosley The Daily Telegraph London 13 August 2003 The Hon Lady Mosley The Times London 13 August 2003 Evelyn Waugh dedicated Vile Bodies to her Obituary Lady Diana Mosley BBC News 13 August 2003 Madame Yevonde s Goddesses in pictures The Observer 8 May 2011 Retrieved 26 October 2022 Hitler was her Uncle Wolf 17 November 2003 via www telegraph co uk a b de Courcy 2003 de Courcy Anne 4 January 2004 Hand in hand with Hitler The Age Melbourne Mosley Charlotte ed 2007 The Mitfords Letters between Six Sisters HarperCollins ISBN 978 0 06 137364 0 McPherson Angela McPherson Susan 2011 Mosley s Old Suffragette A Biography of Norah Elam Lulu com ISBN 978 1 4466 9967 6 a b Oswald Mosley s widow dies BBC News 13 August 2003 de Courcy Anne 2003 Diana Mosley London Chatto amp Windus p 297 ISBN 0 06 056532 2 Mosley Oswald 1968 My Life PDF pp 342 343 Archived from the original PDF on 2 December 2006 a b c d e Focus Diana Mosley The last bright young thing The Independent 17 August 2003 Obituary Jessica Mitford The Independent 25 July 1996 Maybe the Jews could have gone somewhere like Uganda empty and a lovely climate The Guardian London 23 November 2000 Desert Island Discs Castaway Lady Mosley BBC 26 November 1989 Event occurs between 16 30 and 17 25 Roberts Laura 2 March 2011 Desert Island Discs most controversial castaways The Telegraph Retrieved 10 April 2022 Desert Island Discs 7 of the most shocking episodes BBC 1 August 2016 Desert Island Discs Castaway Lady Mosley BBC 26 November 1989 Event occurs between 01 00 and 05 20 No unity for the Mitfords even beyond the grave The Independent 17 February 1997 a b Wilson A N 13 August 2003 A lifetime staying loyal to her mistakes The Telegraph London Retrieved 11 December 2019 Pourcher Yves Spring 2012 Laval Museum Historical Reflections 38 1 122 doi 10 3167 hrrh 2012 380108 Friends and enemies The Spectator 12 December 2008 What a lot of parties London Review of Books 30 September 1999 a b The Pursuit of Laughter by Diana Mosley London Evening Standard 5 January 2009 Knight India 2 September 2007 The Mitfords Letters Between Six Sisters The Sunday Times London Archived from the original on 16 June 2011 Mitford sister who befriended Hitler dies aged 93 The Age Melbourne 14 August 2003 Wilson Scott Resting Places The Burial Sites of More Than 14 000 Famous Persons 3d ed 2 Kindle Location 32826 McFarland amp Company Inc Publishers Kindle Edition Lovell Mary S 2002 The Sisters The Saga of the Mitford Family New York Norton ISBN 0 393 01043 0 1 The Telegraph 16 August 2003 Aside from the Hitler thing Diana was the best kind of girl The Telegraph 16 August 2003 2 Bearn Emily My Fiendish Stepmother The Sunday Telegraph 17 August 2003 Mundow Anna After the Party Review The Wrong Sort of People The Wall Street Journal 17 May 2019 The True Story Behind the Final Season of Peaky Blinders Who Was the Real Diana Mitford Town amp Country 11 June 2022 Retrieved 20 December 2023 External links edit nbsp Media related to Diana Mitford at Wikimedia Commons Diana Mosley The MI5 View new files released from the National Archives shed new light on M15 surveillance of Mosley The Official Nancy Mitford Website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Diana Mosley amp oldid 1220956460, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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