Dezhou
Dezhou (Chinese: 德州; pinyin: Dézhōu) is a prefecture-level city in northwestern Shandong province, People's Republic of China. It borders the provincial capital of Jinan to the southeast, Liaocheng to the southwest, Binzhou to the northeast, and the province of Hebei to the north.
Dezhou 德州市 Tehchow | |
|---|---|
location of Dezhou in Shandong | |
| Coordinates (Dezhou municipal government): 37°26′10″N 116°21′32″E / 37.436°N 116.359°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Shandong |
| County-level divisions | 11 |
| Municipal seat | Decheng District |
| Government | |
| • CPC Secretary | Wu Cuiyun (吴翠云) |
| • Mayor | Chen Fei |
| Area | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 10,361 km2 (4,000 sq mi) |
| Population (2019)[1] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 5,748,500 |
| • Density | 550/km2 (1,400/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 986,192 |
| • Metro | 986,192 |
| Time zone | UTC+08:00 (China Standard) |
| Area code | 0534 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-SD-14 |
| License Plate Prefix | 鲁N |
| Website | dz |
History edit
Sulu Royal Family edit
The King of Sulu Paduka Pahala from the first royal family on Sulu before the Hashemites went on a tribute mission to the Ming dynasty Yongle Emperor. He died of natural causes in China and his two sons and wife were left in the care of Hui Muslims in Dezhou, Shandong.[2] The two families descended from the two sons were given the surnames An and Wen by the Ming Emperors. They lived through the Ming and Qing dynasties and still live in Dezhou today.[by whom?][citation needed]
The Kingdom of Sulu was converted to Islam, and the Hashemite Sharif ul-Hāshim of Sulu arrived in Sulu and married a princess of the previous non-Hashemite royal family, founding the Sulu Sultanate.[citation needed]
Tausug delegations from Sulu have visited Dezhou to see the descendants of the previous royal family.[citation needed]
Death of Empress Xiaoxianchun edit
Qianlong's first empress, Empress Xiaoxianchun, died on the 8th day of the 3rd month of the 13th year of Qianlong at the age of 37,[a][3] on board a boat in Dezhou under circumstances that were not well documented by historical sources.[4]
Administration edit
The municipality of Dezhou comprises thirteen county-level sub divisions:[5]
- Districts
- Decheng District (德城区). The government of the prefecture-level city is located in this sub division.
- Lingcheng District (陵城区)
- Cities
Cities (县级市 xianji shi) administered by Dezhou are:
- Counties
Counties (县 xian) administered by Dezhou are:
- Development zones
- Dezhou Economic Development District (德州经济开发区)
- Dezhou Yunhe Economic Development District (德州运河经济开发区)
Climate edit
| Climate data for Dezhou (2006–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.1 (62.8) | 23.1 (73.6) | 30.2 (86.4) | 33.7 (92.7) | 39.0 (102.2) | 41.1 (106.0) | 42.6 (108.7) | 37.0 (98.6) | 37.0 (98.6) | 32.3 (90.1) | 26.6 (79.9) | 17.7 (63.9) | 42.6 (108.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.5 (38.3) | 7.3 (45.1) | 15.1 (59.2) | 21.3 (70.3) | 27.5 (81.5) | 32.1 (89.8) | 32.4 (90.3) | 30.8 (87.4) | 27.2 (81.0) | 21.4 (70.5) | 12.5 (54.5) | 5.3 (41.5) | 19.7 (67.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.3 (29.7) | 2.1 (35.8) | 9.2 (48.6) | 15.3 (59.5) | 21.8 (71.2) | 26.4 (79.5) | 27.7 (81.9) | 26.3 (79.3) | 21.8 (71.2) | 15.6 (60.1) | 7.3 (45.1) | 0.5 (32.9) | 14.4 (57.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5.0 (23.0) | −1.9 (28.6) | 4.3 (39.7) | 10.1 (50.2) | 16.6 (61.9) | 21.3 (70.3) | 23.8 (74.8) | 22.7 (72.9) | 17.7 (63.9) | 11.1 (52.0) | 3.3 (37.9) | −3.2 (26.2) | 10.1 (50.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −17.4 (0.7) | −12.6 (9.3) | −6.9 (19.6) | −0.7 (30.7) | 5.8 (42.4) | 10.5 (50.9) | 17.2 (63.0) | 14.5 (58.1) | 5.8 (42.4) | −1.4 (29.5) | −10.7 (12.7) | −16.1 (3.0) | −17.4 (0.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.9 (0.11) | 8.6 (0.34) | 8.0 (0.31) | 25.0 (0.98) | 39.7 (1.56) | 70.3 (2.77) | 152.0 (5.98) | 137.6 (5.42) | 45.4 (1.79) | 28.7 (1.13) | 15.5 (0.61) | 3.2 (0.13) | 536.9 (21.13) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.6 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 4.9 | 6.0 | 7.5 | 10.9 | 9.4 | 5.7 | 5.0 | 3.8 | 2.1 | 62.1 |
| Average snowy days | 3.1 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.1 | 2.4 | 10.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 57 | 54 | 50 | 55 | 58 | 60 | 75 | 78 | 70 | 64 | 64 | 61 | 62 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 155.4 | 161.6 | 218.2 | 239.8 | 267.9 | 236.7 | 197.6 | 200.0 | 199.1 | 193.7 | 156.9 | 150.2 | 2,377.1 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 50 | 52 | 59 | 61 | 61 | 54 | 44 | 48 | 54 | 56 | 52 | 51 | 54 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[6][7] | |||||||||||||
Transport edit
Historical edit
The Yellow river and the Grand Canal runs through Dezhou, making it an important hub for cargo transit since antient times. It was described as "Junction of Nine Arteries" (九达天衢) and "Portal of the Capital" (神京门户).
Modern Era edit
Dezhou is connected via the Shijiazhuang-Dezhou railway, Shijiazhuang-Ji'nan HSR, Beijing-Shanghai railway, Beijing-Shanghai HSR. A small, single-track railway connects Dezhou with Dongying city as well.
The main expressway passing Dezhou is the G3 Beijing-Taipei Expressway, running north–south from it; other provincial expressways, as well as National Highway 104 and 105 offer connections in other directions for Dezhou
Tourism edit
Dezhou's biggest historical attraction is the tomb of Sultan Paduka Pahala of Sulu (Philippines), who died in Dezhou on his return journey from a visit to the Yongle Emperor in 1417.[2] The tomb is well preserved and has been declared a national heritage site. Descendants of the sultan's Muslim followers still live in Dezhou today, and are classified as the Hui minority.
One of Dezhou's county Lingxian used to be a big county in China in history, when it was called Pingyuan County. Now part of the ancient city wall of Tang Dynasty still exists in the south of the region. Before the Three Kingdoms formed, one of the three emperors Liu Bei used to be the chief of the county, together with his fellows Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. In addition, it is the hometown of Dongfang Shuo, the most well-known adviser during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han ; In Tang Dynasty, a major figure of Chinese calligraphy, Yan Zhenqing, once took office as the administrator of the county. Today, a memorial hall for the two historic figures is built in the People's Park of Lingxian, where a lot of materials of Dongfang Shuo and stone inscriptions of Yan Zhenqing are preserved.
For tourist attractions, there is also a famous temple in Qingyun County. It is called Haidao Jinshan Temple, which is one of the biggest centers of Buddhism in Northern China. The most attractive scene is the underground aisle where the portrait of the hell is presented using high technology.
Industry edit
A new industrial zone hailed as the "Solar Valley" is being built for experimenting with clean-energy urban projects and massive use of household utilities such as solar-powered water-heaters. The Washington Post describes Dezhou's Solar Valley as the "clean-tech version of Silicon Valley".[8]
Nowadays one of the biggest and most famous industries in Dezhou is solar energy industry, with two main corporations included—Himin Group (皇明集团) and its partner Ecco Solar Group (亿家能集团). Dezhou increased its international reputation when it was selected to follow previous hosts,[9] Daegu, South Korea (2004), Oxford, UK (2006) and Adelaide, Australia (2008) as host of the 2010 International Solar City Congress.[10] Himin Group has developed into the world's largest solar water heater manufacturer and is also discovering new areas such as photoelectricity.
Greenpeace China cited Dezhou in May 2009 as an example of how renewable energy can become a more common reality throughout the world.[11]
Dezhou also houses the world's largest solar-powered office building, covering around 75,000 square meters.[12][13]
Education edit
"Dezhou University"(also called Dezhou College, because it only offers undergraduate degree) is a comprehensive college which was approved by the National Education Committee in March 2000. It is the aggregation of Dezhou Teachers’ College, Dezhou Education College and Evening College Municipality, which has a 30-year history.
Notable people edit
- Dongfang Shuo (154 to 93 BC, The Western Han Dynasty), Writer and poet
- Yan Zhenqing (709 to 784, The Tang Dynasty), Calligrapher, poet
- Ma Dehua (1945), actor, best known for his role as Zhu Bajie in the television series Journey to the West
- He Rong (1962), Minister of Justice
- Han Hong (1971), Singer, songwriter, music producer, director
- Zhang Yuqi (1986), Chinese actress
- Ma Tianyu (1986), Chinese actor
Miscellaneous edit
- Dezhou is well known for its braised chicken and watermelon.
- The name of Dezhou is the same as the abbreviation of the Chinese name for the U.S. state of Texas.
- Pingyuan, Dezhou is the foundation place of Yihetuan (Boxer Rebellion) against the Eight Power Allied Force during the 1900s.
Notes edit
- ^ 5 April, 1748
References edit
- ^ a b 最新人口信息 www.hongheiku.com (in Chinese). hongheiku. Retrieved 2021-01-12.
- ^ a b Steinhardt, Nancy Shatzman (2015). China's Early Mosques. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 161–162. ISBN 978-1-4744-3721-9.
- ^ Zhang & Wu 1928: "十三年，從上東巡，還蹕，三月乙未，后崩於德州舟次，年三十七。(...[On the] 13th year, she followed the Emperor for an eastern tour, During their return on the yuemo of the 3rd month, the Queen died onboard a yacht in Dezhou, aged 37."
- ^ "明清第一任皇后之悲（下）" [The Tragedy of Ming, Qing's first Empresses (2nd Half)]. People's Daily (in Traditional Chinese). Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. 10 October 2012.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2011-06-08.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
- ^ "With Solar Valley project, China embarks on bold green technology mission" by Andrew Higgins; Washington Post, May 17, 2010
- ^ . Archived from the original on 2011-07-26. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ Himin sees more shine in Dezhou's Solar Valley China Daily
- ^ . Archived from the original on 2010-02-07. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 2011-08-24. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
- ^ " "
Works cited edit
- Zhang, Caitian; Wu, Changshou (1928). "列傳一" [Biography 1]. 清史稿 (The Draft History of Qing) (in Traditional Chinese). 214. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
External links edit
- Dezhou
- Dezhou University 2007-05-07 at the Wayback Machine
- (in Simplified Chinese)