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Delias

Delias is a genus of butterflies. There are about 250 species of the genus Delias, found in South Asia and Australia. The genus is considered to have its evolutionary origins in the Australian region.[1]

Delias
Temporal range: Miocene-Recent, inferred from molecular phylogeny
Delias descombesi
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Pieridae
Tribe: Pierini
Genus: Delias
Hübner, [1819]
Synonyms
  • Cathaemia Hübner, [1819]
  • Symmachlas Hübner, [1821]
  • Harpanota Swainson, 1851
  • Thyca Wallengren, 1858
  • Piccarda Grote, 1900

Species edit

  • The singhapura species group
  • The nysa species group
    • Delias battana Fruhstorfer, 1896 Sulawesi
    • Delias blanca (Felder, C & R Felder, 1862) Philippines and Borneo
    • Delias dice (van Vollenhoven, 1865)
    • Delias dumasi Rothschild, 1925 Buru
    • Delias enniana Oberthür, 1880
    • Delias fruhstorferi (Honrath, 1891)
    • Delias ganymedes Okumoto, 1981
    • Delias georgina (Felder, C & R Felder, 1861)
    • Delias hempeli Dannatt, 1904 Halmaheira
    • Delias lemoulti Talbot, 1931 Timor
    • Delias manuselensis Talbot, 1920 Serang, Ambon
    • Delias maudei Joicey & Noakes, 1915 Biak
    • Delias momea (Boisduval, 1836) Sumatra, Java
    • Delias nuydaorum Schröder, H, 1975
    • Delias nysa (Fabricius, 1775)
    • Delias pulla Talbot, 1937 New Guinea
    • Delias ribbei Röber, 1886 Aru
    • Delias schoenigi Schröder, H, 1975
    • Delias schuppi Talbot, 1928 Serang
    • Delias vietnamensis Monastyrskii & Devyatkin, 2000 Vietnam, Cambodia
    • Delias waterstradti Rothschild, 1915 Halmaheira
  • The chrysomelaena species group
    • Delias caliban Grose-Smith, 1897
    • Delias chrysomelaena (van Vollenhoven, 1866) Halmahera, Bachan
    • Delias ladas Grose-Smith, 1894
    • Delias talboti Joicey & Noakes, 1915 Biak
    • Delias totila Heller, 1896 New Britain
  • The stresemanni species group
    • Delias lecerfi Joicey & Talbot, 1922 New Guinea
    • Delias schmassmanni Joicey & Talbot, 1923 Buru
    • Delias stresemanni Rothschild, 1915 Serang
  • The geraldina species group
    • Delias abrophora Roepke, 1955 New Guinea
    • Delias anjae Schroder, 1977
    • Delias argentata Roepke, 1955 New Guinea
    • Delias aroae (Ribbe, 1900)
    • Delias cuningputi (Ribbe, 1900) New Guinea
    • Delias jordani Kenrick, 1909
    • Delias daniensis van Mastrigt, 2003 New Guinea
    • Delias destrigata van Mastrigt, 1996 New Guinea
    • Delias dortheysi van Mastrigt, 2002 New Guinea
    • Delias eudiabolus Rothschild, 1915 New Guinea
    • Delias fascelis Jordan, 1912 New Guinea
    • Delias geraldina Grose-Smith, 1894
    • Delias heroni Kenrick, 1909
    • Delias hikarui Yagishita, 1993 New Guinea
    • Delias hypomelas Rothschild & Jordan, 1907
    • Delias imitator Kenrick, 1911 New Guinea
    • Delias inopinata Lachlan, 2000 New Guinea
    • Delias itamputi Ribbe, 1900
    • Delias langda Gerrits & van Mastrigt, 1992 New Guinea
    • Delias microsticha Rothschild, 1904
    • Delias nigropunctata Joicey & Noakes, 1915 New Guinea
    • Delias oktanglap van Mastrigt, 1990 New Guinea
    • Delias pheres Jordan, 1912 New Guinea
    • Delias kenricki Talbot, 1937
    • Delias rileyi Joicey & Talbot, 1922 New Guinea
    • Delias sagessa Fruhstorfer, 1910
    • Delias sinak Mastrigt, 1990 New Guinea
    • Delias sphenodiscus Roepke, 1955 New Guinea
    • Delias subapicalis Orr & Sibatani, 1985 New Guinea
    • Delias takashii Sakuma, 1999 New Guinea
    • Delias thompsoni Joicey & Talbot, 1916 New Guinea
  • The eichhorni species group
  • The bornemanni species group
  • The iltis species group
    • Delias arabuana Roepke, 1955 New Guinea
    • Delias awongkor van Mastrigt, 1989 New Guinea
    • Delias bakeri Kenrick, 1909
    • Delias callista Jordan, 1912 New Guinea
    • Delias flavistriga Roepke, 1955 New Guinea
    • Delias iltis Ribbe, 1900
    • Delias luctuosa Jordan, 1912 New Guinea
    • Delias mesoblema Jordan, 1912
    • Delias raymondi Schröder & Treadaway, 1982 New Guinea
  • The weiskei species group
    • Delias callima Rothschild & Jordan, 1905 New Guinea
    • Delias campbelli Joicey & Talbot, 1922 New Guinea
    • Delias hapalina Jordan, 1912 New Guinea
    • Delias leucias Jordan, 1912 New Guinea
    • Delias marguerita Joicey & Talbot, 1922 New Guinea
    • Delias nieuwenhuisi van Mastrigt, 1990 New Guinea
    • Delias phippsi Joicey & Talbot, 1922 New Guinea
    • Delias pseudomarguerita Gerrits & van Mastrigt, 1992 New Guinea
    • Delias rosamontana Roepke, 1955 New Guinea
    • Delias tessei Joicey & Talbot, 1916 New Guinea
    • Delias virgo Gerrits & van Mastrigt, 1992 New Guinea
    • Delias weiskei Ribbe, 1900
  • The kummeri species group
  • The nigrina species group
    • Delias buruana Rothschild, 1899 Buru, Serang
    • Delias dohertyi (Oberthür, 1894)
    • Delias duris (Hewitson, 1861)
    • Delias eximia Rothschild, 1925 New Ireland
    • Delias funerea Rothschild, 1894
    • Delias joiceyi Talbot, 1920 Serang
    • Delias nigrina (Fabricius, 1775)
    • Delias ornytion (Godman & Salvin, 1881) New Guinea, Waigeu
    • Delias prouti Joicey & Talbot, 1923 Buru
    • Delias wollastoni Rothschild, 1915 New Guinea
  • The belladonna species group
  • The aglaia/pasithoe species group
  • The albertisi species group
    • Delias albertisi (Oberthür, 1880)
    • Delias discus Honrath, 1886 New Guinea
    • Delias putih van Mastrigt, 1995
    • Delias telefominensis Yagishita, 1993 New Guinea
  • The clathrata species group
    • Delias autumnalis Roepke, 1955 New Guinea
    • Delias bobaga van Mastrigt, 1996 New Guinea
    • Delias catocausta Jordan, 1912 New Guinea
    • Delias clathrata Rothschild, 1904
    • Delias elongatus Kenrick, 1911 New Guinea
    • Delias fioretti van Mastrigt, 1996 New Guinea
    • Delias hiemalis Roepke, 1955 New Guinea
    • Delias hemianops Gerrits & van Mastrigt, 1992 New Guinea
    • Delias inexpectata Rothschild, 1915 New Guinea
    • Delias klossi Rothschild, 1915 New Guinea
    • Delias mariae Joicey & Talbot, 1916 New Guinea
    • Delias menooensis Joicey & Talbot, 1922 New Guinea
    • Delias mira Rothschild, 1904
    • Delias nakanokeikoae Yagishita, 1993 New Guinea
    • Delias neeltje Gerrits & van Mastrigt, 1992 New Guinea
    • Delias roepkei Sanford & Bennett, 1955 New Guinea
    • Delias sawyeri van Mastrigt, 2000 New Guinea
    • Delias sigit van Mastrigt, 1990 New Guinea
    • Delias walshae Roepke, 1955 New Guinea
  • The niepelti species group
  • The belisama species group
  • The dorimene species group
  • The isse species group
  • The hyparete species group
  • Incertae sedis
    • Delias africanus Kenrick, 1911
    • Delias akikoae Morita, 2001 Aru
    • Delias akrikensis Lachlan, 1999 New Guinea
    • Delias angabungana Talbot, 1928 New Guinea
    • Delias binniensis Lachlan, 2000 New Guinea
    • Delias brandti Müller, C, 2001 New Ireland
    • Delias chimbu Orr & Sibatani, 1986 New Guinea
    • Delias cumanau van Mastrigt, 2006 New Guinea
    • Delias durai van Mastrigt, 2006
    • Delias endela Jordan, 1930 New Guinea
    • Delias eschatia Joicey & Talbot, 1923 Buru
    • Delias felis Lachlan, 2000 New Guinea
    • Delias flavissima Orr & Sibatani, 1985 New Guinea
    • Delias fojaensis van Mastrigt, 2006 New Guinea
    • Delias hagenensis Morinaka, van Mastrigt & Sibatani, 1993
    • Delias hidecoae Nakano, 1993
    • Delias kazueae Kitahara, 1986 Sula Islands
    • Delias kikuoi Okano, 1989 Sulawesi
    • Delias konokono Orr & Sibatani, 1986 New Guinea
    • Delias kristianiae van Mastrigt, 2006
    • Delias laknekei Miller, L, Simon & Wills, 2007 New Ireland
    • Delias magsadana Yamamoto, 1995 Philippines
    • Delias mandaya Yamamoto & Takei, 1982
    • Delias mayrhoferi Bang-Haas, O, 1939 New Britain
    • Delias messalina Arora, 1983 New Ireland
    • Delias mullerensis Morinaka & Nakazawa, 1999 New Guinea
    • Delias ormoensis van Mastrigt, 2006 New Guinea
    • Delias paoaiensis Inomata & Nakano, 1987
    • Delias shirozui Yata, 1981 Sulawesi
    • Delias shunichii Morita, 1996 New Britain
    • Delias vidua Joicey & Talbot, 1922 Buru
    • Delias yagishitai Morita, 2003 Taliabu Island

References edit

  1. ^ Braby, M.F. and N.E. Pierce. 2006. Systematics, biogeography and diversification of the Indo-Australian genus Delias Hübner (Lepidoptera: Pieridae): phylogenetic evidence supports an 'out-of-Australia' origin. Systematic Entomology (2007), 32

External links edit

  •   Media related to Delias at Wikimedia Commons
  •   Data related to Delias at Wikispecies
  • Delias of the World
  • Images representing Delias at EOL
  • In Japanese but binomial names 3 pages of images. Tip Next page.
  • Savela, Markku. "Delias Hübner, [1819]". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved December 8, 2017.
  • Flickr Images

delias, this, article, about, genus, butterflies, clothing, company, delia, genus, butterflies, there, about, species, genus, found, south, asia, australia, genus, considered, have, evolutionary, origins, australian, region, temporal, range, miocene, recent, i. This article is about the genus of butterflies For the clothing company see Delia s Delias is a genus of butterflies There are about 250 species of the genus Delias found in South Asia and Australia The genus is considered to have its evolutionary origins in the Australian region 1 DeliasTemporal range Miocene Recent inferred from molecular phylogeny PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Delias descombesi Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Arthropoda Class Insecta Order Lepidoptera Family Pieridae Tribe Pierini Genus DeliasHubner 1819 Synonyms Cathaemia Hubner 1819 Symmachlas Hubner 1821 Harpanota Swainson 1851 Thyca Wallengren 1858 Piccarda Grote 1900Species editThe singhapura species group Delias agoranis Grose Smith 1887 Delias kuehni Honrath 1887 or Delias kuhni Delias singhapura Wallace 1867 Delias themis Hewitson 1861 The nysa species group Delias battana Fruhstorfer 1896 Sulawesi Delias blanca Felder C amp R Felder 1862 Philippines and Borneo Delias dice van Vollenhoven 1865 Delias dumasi Rothschild 1925 Buru Delias enniana Oberthur 1880 Delias fruhstorferi Honrath 1891 Delias ganymedes Okumoto 1981 Delias georgina Felder C amp R Felder 1861 Delias hempeli Dannatt 1904 Halmaheira Delias lemoulti Talbot 1931 Timor Delias manuselensis Talbot 1920 Serang Ambon Delias maudei Joicey amp Noakes 1915 Biak Delias momea Boisduval 1836 Sumatra Java Delias nuydaorum Schroder H 1975 Delias nysa Fabricius 1775 Delias pulla Talbot 1937 New Guinea Delias ribbei Rober 1886 Aru Delias schoenigi Schroder H 1975 Delias schuppi Talbot 1928 Serang Delias vietnamensis Monastyrskii amp Devyatkin 2000 Vietnam Cambodia Delias waterstradti Rothschild 1915 Halmaheira The chrysomelaena species group Delias caliban Grose Smith 1897 Delias chrysomelaena van Vollenhoven 1866 Halmahera Bachan Delias ladas Grose Smith 1894 Delias talboti Joicey amp Noakes 1915 Biak Delias totila Heller 1896 New Britain The stresemanni species group Delias lecerfi Joicey amp Talbot 1922 New Guinea Delias schmassmanni Joicey amp Talbot 1923 Buru Delias stresemanni Rothschild 1915 Serang The geraldina species group Delias abrophora Roepke 1955 New Guinea Delias anjae Schroder 1977 Delias argentata Roepke 1955 New Guinea Delias aroae Ribbe 1900 Delias cuningputi Ribbe 1900 New Guinea Delias jordani Kenrick 1909 Delias daniensis van Mastrigt 2003 New Guinea Delias destrigata van Mastrigt 1996 New Guinea Delias dortheysi van Mastrigt 2002 New Guinea Delias eudiabolus Rothschild 1915 New Guinea Delias fascelis Jordan 1912 New Guinea Delias geraldina Grose Smith 1894 Delias heroni Kenrick 1909 Delias hikarui Yagishita 1993 New Guinea Delias hypomelas Rothschild amp Jordan 1907 Delias imitator Kenrick 1911 New Guinea Delias inopinata Lachlan 2000 New Guinea Delias itamputi Ribbe 1900 Delias langda Gerrits amp van Mastrigt 1992 New Guinea Delias microsticha Rothschild 1904 Delias nigropunctata Joicey amp Noakes 1915 New Guinea Delias oktanglap van Mastrigt 1990 New Guinea Delias pheres Jordan 1912 New Guinea Delias kenricki Talbot 1937 Delias rileyi Joicey amp Talbot 1922 New Guinea Delias sagessa Fruhstorfer 1910 Delias sinak Mastrigt 1990 New Guinea Delias sphenodiscus Roepke 1955 New Guinea Delias subapicalis Orr amp Sibatani 1985 New Guinea Delias takashii Sakuma 1999 New Guinea Delias thompsoni Joicey amp Talbot 1916 New Guinea The eichhorni species group Delias antara Roepke 1955 New Guinea Delias carstensziana Rothschild 1915 New Guinea Delias catisa Jordan 1912 New Guinea Delias eichhorni Rothschild 1904 Delias frater Jordan 1912 New Guinea Delias germana Roepke 1955 Delias gilliardi Sanford amp Bennett 1955 New Guinea Delias hallstromi Sanford amp Bennett 1955 Delias leucobalia Jordan 1912 New Guinea Delias muliensis Morinaka van Mastrigt amp Sibatani 1991 New Guinea Delias mullerensis Morinaka amp Nakazawa 1999 Delias toxopei Roepke 1955 New Guinea The bornemanni species group Delias bornemanni Ribbe 1900 New Guinea Delias caroli Kenrick 1909 Delias castaneus Kenrick 1909 Delias nais Jordan 1912 Delias pratti Kenrick 1909 Delias maaikeae Davenport Pequin De Vries 2017 New Guinea The iltis species group Delias arabuana Roepke 1955 New Guinea Delias awongkor van Mastrigt 1989 New Guinea Delias bakeri Kenrick 1909 Delias callista Jordan 1912 New Guinea Delias flavistriga Roepke 1955 New Guinea Delias iltis Ribbe 1900 Delias luctuosa Jordan 1912 New Guinea Delias mesoblema Jordan 1912 Delias raymondi Schroder amp Treadaway 1982 New Guinea The weiskei species group Delias callima Rothschild amp Jordan 1905 New Guinea Delias campbelli Joicey amp Talbot 1922 New Guinea Delias hapalina Jordan 1912 New Guinea Delias leucias Jordan 1912 New Guinea Delias marguerita Joicey amp Talbot 1922 New Guinea Delias nieuwenhuisi van Mastrigt 1990 New Guinea Delias phippsi Joicey amp Talbot 1922 New Guinea Delias pseudomarguerita Gerrits amp van Mastrigt 1992 New Guinea Delias rosamontana Roepke 1955 New Guinea Delias tessei Joicey amp Talbot 1916 New Guinea Delias virgo Gerrits amp van Mastrigt 1992 New Guinea Delias weiskei Ribbe 1900 The kummeri species group Delias alepa Jordan 1912 New Guinea Delias bothwelli Kenrick 1909 Delias dixeyi Kenrick 1909 Delias isocharis Rothschild amp Jordan 1907 Delias kummeri Ribbe 1900 Delias ligata Rothschild 1904 Delias strix Yagishita 1993 New Guinea The nigrina species group Delias buruana Rothschild 1899 Buru Serang Delias dohertyi Oberthur 1894 Delias duris Hewitson 1861 Delias eximia Rothschild 1925 New Ireland Delias funerea Rothschild 1894 Delias joiceyi Talbot 1920 Serang Delias nigrina Fabricius 1775 Delias ornytion Godman amp Salvin 1881 New Guinea Waigeu Delias prouti Joicey amp Talbot 1923 Buru Delias wollastoni Rothschild 1915 New Guinea The belladonna species group Delias belladonna Fabricius 1793 Delias benasu Martin L 1913 Sulawesi Delias berinda Moore 1872 Delias lativitta Leech 1893 Delias patrua Leech 1890 Tibet China Burma Delias sanaca Moore 1857 Delias subnubila Leech 1893 China Delias wilemani Jordan 1925 The aglaia pasithoe species group Delias acalis Godart 1819 Delias crithoe Guerin Meneville amp Percheron 1835 Java Sumatra Sumbawa Sumba Delias pasithoe Linnaeus 1767 Delias henningia Eschscholtz 1821 Delias ninus Wallace 1867 Delias woodi Talbot 1928 The albertisi species group Delias albertisi Oberthur 1880 Delias discus Honrath 1886 New Guinea Delias putih van Mastrigt 1995 Delias telefominensis Yagishita 1993 New Guinea The clathrata species group Delias autumnalis Roepke 1955 New Guinea Delias bobaga van Mastrigt 1996 New Guinea Delias catocausta Jordan 1912 New Guinea Delias clathrata Rothschild 1904 Delias elongatus Kenrick 1911 New Guinea Delias fioretti van Mastrigt 1996 New Guinea Delias hiemalis Roepke 1955 New Guinea Delias hemianops Gerrits amp van Mastrigt 1992 New Guinea Delias inexpectata Rothschild 1915 New Guinea Delias klossi Rothschild 1915 New Guinea Delias mariae Joicey amp Talbot 1916 New Guinea Delias menooensis Joicey amp Talbot 1922 New Guinea Delias mira Rothschild 1904 Delias nakanokeikoae Yagishita 1993 New Guinea Delias neeltje Gerrits amp van Mastrigt 1992 New Guinea Delias roepkei Sanford amp Bennett 1955 New Guinea Delias sawyeri van Mastrigt 2000 New Guinea Delias sigit van Mastrigt 1990 New Guinea Delias walshae Roepke 1955 New Guinea The niepelti species group Delias anamesa Bennett 1956 Delias meeki Rothschild 1904 Delias niepelti Ribbe 1900 The belisama species group Delias aganippe Donovan 1805 Delias apoensis Talbot 1928 Delias aruna Boisduval 1832 Delias aurantia Doherty 1891 Java Delias belisama Cramer 1779 Delias descombesi Boisduval 1836 Delias diaphana Semper G 1878 Delias ellipsis de Joannis 1901 New Caledonia Delias eumolpe Grose Smith 1889 Delias harpalyce Donovan 1805 Delias levicki Rothschild 1927 Delias madetes Godman amp Salvin 1878 Delias oraia Doherty 1891 Delias splendida Rothschild 1894 Delias zebuda Hewitson 1862 The dorimene species group Delias agostina Hewitson 1852 Delias alberti Rothschild 1904 Delias apatela Joicey amp Talbot 1923 Buru Delias baracasa Semper G 1890 Delias biaka Joicey amp Noakes 1915 Biak Delias dorimene Stoll 1782 Delias dorylaea Felder C amp R Felder 1865 Java Delias echidna Hewitson 1861 Delias eileenae Joicey amp Talbot 1927 Timor Delias gabia Boisduval 1832 Delias hippodamia Wallace 1867 Delias mavroneria Fruhstorfer 1914 New Guinea Delias melusina Staudinger 1890 Delias narses Heller 1896 New Britain New Ireland Delias rothschildi Holland W 1900 Delias subviridis Joicey amp Talbot 1922 Serang The isse species group Delias bosnikiana Joicey amp Noakes 1915 Biak Delias candida van Vollenhoven 1865 Delias ennia Wallace 1867 Delias isse Cramer 1775 Delias lytaea Godman amp Salvin 1878 New Britain New Ireland New Georgia Group Delias periboea Godart 1819 Delias sacha Grose Smith 1895 The hyparete species group Delias argenthona Fabricius 1793 Delias bagoe Boisduval 1832 Delias ceneus Linnaeus 1758 Delias edela Fruhstorfer 1910 Delias eucharis Drury 1773 Delias euphemia Grose Smith 1894 Delias fasciata Rothschild 1894 Delias doylei Sanford amp Bennett 1955 New Guinea Delias hyparete Linnaeus 1758 Delias mitisi Staudinger 1895 Sula Banggai Delias mysis Fabricius 1775 Delias lara Boisduval 1836 Delias periboea Godart 1819 Delias poecilea van Vollenhoven 1865 Delias rosenbergii van Vollenhoven 1865 Delias salvini Butler 1882 Delias sambawana Rothschild 1894 Delias schoenbergi Rothschild 1895 Delias timorensis Boisduval 1836 Incertae sedis Delias africanus Kenrick 1911 Delias akikoae Morita 2001 Aru Delias akrikensis Lachlan 1999 New Guinea Delias angabungana Talbot 1928 New Guinea Delias binniensis Lachlan 2000 New Guinea Delias brandti Muller C 2001 New Ireland Delias chimbu Orr amp Sibatani 1986 New Guinea Delias cumanau van Mastrigt 2006 New Guinea Delias durai van Mastrigt 2006 Delias endela Jordan 1930 New Guinea Delias eschatia Joicey amp Talbot 1923 Buru Delias felis Lachlan 2000 New Guinea Delias flavissima Orr amp Sibatani 1985 New Guinea Delias fojaensis van Mastrigt 2006 New Guinea Delias hagenensis Morinaka van Mastrigt amp Sibatani 1993 Delias hidecoae Nakano 1993 Delias kazueae Kitahara 1986 Sula Islands Delias kikuoi Okano 1989 Sulawesi Delias konokono Orr amp Sibatani 1986 New Guinea Delias kristianiae van Mastrigt 2006 Delias laknekei Miller L Simon amp Wills 2007 New Ireland Delias magsadana Yamamoto 1995 Philippines Delias mandaya Yamamoto amp Takei 1982 Delias mayrhoferi Bang Haas O 1939 New Britain Delias messalina Arora 1983 New Ireland Delias mullerensis Morinaka amp Nakazawa 1999 New Guinea Delias ormoensis van Mastrigt 2006 New Guinea Delias paoaiensis Inomata amp Nakano 1987 Delias shirozui Yata 1981 Sulawesi Delias shunichii Morita 1996 New Britain Delias vidua Joicey amp Talbot 1922 Buru Delias yagishitai Morita 2003 Taliabu IslandReferences edit Braby M F and N E Pierce 2006 Systematics biogeography and diversification of the Indo Australian genus Delias Hubner Lepidoptera Pieridae phylogenetic evidence supports an out of Australia origin Systematic Entomology 2007 32External links edit nbsp Media related to Delias at Wikimedia Commons nbsp Data related to Delias at Wikispecies Delias of the World Images representing Delias at EOL Pteron In Japanese but binomial names 3 pages of images Tip Next page Savela Markku Delias Hubner 1819 Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms Retrieved December 8 2017 Flickr Images Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Delias amp oldid 1192912182, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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