Defence Day (Urdu: یومِ دفاعALA-LC: Yaum-i Difāʿ IPA: [jɔːm-e d̪ɪfɑː]) is celebrated in Pakistan as national day to commemorate the sacrifices made by Pakistani soldiers in defending its borders.[1][2] The date of 6 September marks the day in 1965 when Indian troops crossed the international border to launch an attack on Pakistani Punjab, in a riposte to Pakistan's Operation Grand Slam targeting Jammu.[3] While it is officially commemorated as an unprovoked surprise attack by India, repulsed by the Pakistan Army despite its smaller size and fewer armaments,[2][4] the narrative has been criticised by Indian commentators as representing false history.[2][5]
Flag hoisting, parade, military exhibitions, award ceremonies, singing patriotic songs, entertainment and military programmes, speeches, fire works, etc.
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 began with Pakistan sending 7,000–8,000 specially trained Mujahid raiders into the Kashmir Valley with the objective of inciting the population into rebellion and dislocating the Indian Army installations.[6][a] In the second stage, on 1 September, it launched a tank attack, dubbed Operation Grand Slam, towards the Akhnoor bridge in the Jammu Division. It was intended to be a "short and swift, fait accompli operation".[8] According to scholar Shuja Nawaz, the Pakistani general intended to capture the Akhnoor bridge and swing towards Jammu to cut off India's communications with the Kashmir Valley.[9] The Pakistanis had ignored the Indian Prime Minister's warnings that India would retaliate on Pakistan if Kashmir was attacked.[8]
On 6 September, according to its "pre-declared strategy"[8] of riposte,[10][b] the Indian Army crossed the international border in Punjab with the objective of cutting off the Grand Trunk Road near Lahore. The attack came as a surprise to the Pakistani commanders.[8][12] According to Air Marshal Nur Khan, the Army Chief General Musa Khan told the President on the second day of the war that the Army had run out of ammunition. He states that the Army suffered heavy losses in the war.[13] On 23 September, Pakistan accepted a UN-mandated ceasefire.[c]
Despite the historical fact that the war began with "Pakistani aggression", Pakistan instituted the Defence of Pakistan Day to commemorate the day when the Indian forces crossed into Pakistan. The narrative states that "[the] Indian forces sneaked [sic] into the Wagah border and the Pakistan armed forces, when alerted, put up a valiant defence of the motherland and drove them back, thus taking its name as the Defence of Pakistan Day."[15] Air Marshal Nur Khan commented, "It was a wrong war and they misled the nation with a big lie that India, rather than Pakistan, had provoked the war and that we (Pakistanis) were the victims of the Indian aggression."[13]
Celebrations and Parades
The Pakistan Army displays its latest missiles, tanks, guns, Pakistan Army Aviation helicopters and armament being used by Engineers, Electrical and Mechanical Corps, Army Air Defense, Signals, Army Service Corps and the Army Medical Corps.[16] Everyone is allowed to watch such functions live by going to specific places. These shows are also displayed on national TV channels. National songs, special documentaries about 6 September 1965 and the stories of the people who were martyred on that day are displayed on TV. The facts are told of how people sacrificed their lives for the defense of the country and what the responsibility is of the younger generation, the children, who are the future of Pakistan.[citation needed]
^The infiltration began on 5 August 1965, according to the UN military observers stationed on the Kashmir Line of Control since 1949.[7]: Secretary-General U. Thant stated: "the series of violations that began on August 5 were to a considerable extent in subsequent days in the form of armed men not in uniform, crossing the CFL from the Pakistan side for the purpose of armed action on the Indian side."
^A riposte in military strategy involves striking a vulnerable point of the enemy in order to force him to abandon his own attack.[11]
^India had already accepted various UN proposals for cease-fire, starting around 14 September.[14]
References
^"September 6: A day to remember the sacrifices of Pakistan's martyrs". Dawn. 7 September 2018.
^ abcTaha Siddiqui, Dear Pakistanis, this Defence Day, please stop celebrating hate, Al Jazeera, 6 September 2018.
^Nawaz, Crossed Swords 2008, p. 227: "Opposing it was the Indian I Corps with its 1st Armoured Division and three infantry divisions, with orders to secure the Pathankot-Jammu road by launching a riposte to an anticipated move by Pakistan against Jammu, the private plan of General Akhtar Malik that his superiors had thwarted."
^Kumar, Prejudice and Pride 2001, p. 45: "Young Nation, a youth supplement published by the liberal Friday Times of Lahore wrote: It tells an epic tale of our soldiers who being a very small number compared to the Indian and having very little ammunition, weapons and machinery, fought with such spirit, bravery and courage that it stunned the Indian forces, and of the unity of our people."
^Air Marshal Nur Khan, Dawn, 6 September 2005, quoted in Hiranandani, Transition to Guardianship 2013, pp. 1963–1964: "It was a wrong war and they misled the nation with a big lie that India, rather than Pakistan, had provoked the war and that we (Pakistanis) were the victims of the Indian aggression."
^Beaufre, André (1965), An Introduction to Strategy: With Particular Reference to Problems of Defense, Politics, Economics, and Diplomacy in the Nuclear Age, Faber & Faber, p. 39
^Joshi, Kashmir, 1947–1965 2008, p. 215: "in his report of September 16, the Secretary-General chose to be even-handed and told the Council that India had accepted the suggestion, and Pakistan was yet to reply."
^Defense Day Celebrations. Illustrated weekly of Pakistan. 1968. p. 22.
^"Defense Day: Soldiers honoured 46 years on". The Express Tribune. 6 September 2012. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
Bibliography
Hiranandani, Vice Admiral GM (2013), Transition to Guardianship: The Indian Navy 1991–2000, Lancer Publishers LLC, ISBN978-1-935501-66-4
Joshi, Manoj (2008), Kashmir, 1947–1965: A Story Retold, India Research Press, ISBN978-81-87943-52-5
Kumar, Krishna (2001), Prejudice and Pride: School histories of the freedom struggle in India and Pakistan, Viking, ISBN9780670049134
Nawaz, Shuja (2008), Crossed Swords: Pakistan, Its Army, and the Wars Within, Oxford University Press, ISBN978-0-19-547660-6
Paul, T. V. (1994), "The Pakistani Offensive in Kashmir, 1965", Asymmetric Conflicts: War Initiation by Weaker Powers, Cambridge University Press, pp. 107–125, ISBN978-0-521-46621-9
April 19, 2023
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Defence Day Urdu یوم دفاع ALA LC Yaum i Difaʿ IPA jɔːm e d ɪfɑː is celebrated in Pakistan as national day to commemorate the sacrifices made by Pakistani soldiers in defending its borders 1 2 The date of 6 September marks the day in 1965 when Indian troops crossed the international border to launch an attack on Pakistani Punjab in a riposte to Pakistan s Operation Grand Slam targeting Jammu 3 While it is officially commemorated as an unprovoked surprise attack by India repulsed by the Pakistan Army despite its smaller size and fewer armaments 2 4 the narrative has been criticised by Indian commentators as representing false history 2 5 Defence Dayیوم دفاعAlso calledYoum e DifaObserved byPakistanTypeNationalCelebrationsFlag hoisting parade military exhibitions award ceremonies singing patriotic songs entertainment and military programmes speeches fire works etc Date6 SeptemberNext time6 September 2023 2023 09 06 FrequencyAnnual Contents 1 Context of the 1965 War 2 Celebrations and Parades 3 Notes 4 References 5 BibliographyContext of the 1965 War EditThe Indo Pakistani War of 1965 began with Pakistan sending 7 000 8 000 specially trained Mujahid raiders into the Kashmir Valley with the objective of inciting the population into rebellion and dislocating the Indian Army installations 6 a In the second stage on 1 September it launched a tank attack dubbed Operation Grand Slam towards the Akhnoor bridge in the Jammu Division It was intended to be a short and swift fait accompli operation 8 According to scholar Shuja Nawaz the Pakistani general intended to capture the Akhnoor bridge and swing towards Jammu to cut off India s communications with the Kashmir Valley 9 The Pakistanis had ignored the Indian Prime Minister s warnings that India would retaliate on Pakistan if Kashmir was attacked 8 On 6 September according to its pre declared strategy 8 of riposte 10 b the Indian Army crossed the international border in Punjab with the objective of cutting off the Grand Trunk Road near Lahore The attack came as a surprise to the Pakistani commanders 8 12 According to Air Marshal Nur Khan the Army Chief General Musa Khan told the President on the second day of the war that the Army had run out of ammunition He states that the Army suffered heavy losses in the war 13 On 23 September Pakistan accepted a UN mandated ceasefire c Despite the historical fact that the war began with Pakistani aggression Pakistan instituted the Defence of Pakistan Day to commemorate the day when the Indian forces crossed into Pakistan The narrative states that the Indian forces sneaked sic into the Wagah border and the Pakistan armed forces when alerted put up a valiant defence of the motherland and drove them back thus taking its name as the Defence of Pakistan Day 15 Air Marshal Nur Khan commented It was a wrong war and they misled the nation with a big lie that India rather than Pakistan had provoked the war and that we Pakistanis were the victims of the Indian aggression 13 Celebrations and Parades EditThe Pakistan Army displays its latest missiles tanks guns Pakistan Army Aviation helicopters and armament being used by Engineers Electrical and Mechanical Corps Army Air Defense Signals Army Service Corps and the Army Medical Corps 16 Everyone is allowed to watch such functions live by going to specific places These shows are also displayed on national TV channels National songs special documentaries about 6 September 1965 and the stories of the people who were martyred on that day are displayed on TV The facts are told of how people sacrificed their lives for the defense of the country and what the responsibility is of the younger generation the children who are the future of Pakistan citation needed The change of guard ceremony takes place at Mazar e Quaid Karachi where the cadets of Pakistan Air Force Academy present the Guard of Honour and take the charge 17 Notes Edit The infiltration began on 5 August 1965 according to the UN military observers stationed on the Kashmir Line of Control since 1949 7 Secretary General U Thant stated the series of violations that began on August 5 were to a considerable extent in subsequent days in the form of armed men not in uniform crossing the CFL from the Pakistan side for the purpose of armed action on the Indian side A riposte in military strategy involves striking a vulnerable point of the enemy in order to force him to abandon his own attack 11 India had already accepted various UN proposals for cease fire starting around 14 September 14 References Edit September 6 A day to remember the sacrifices of Pakistan s martyrs Dawn 7 September 2018 a b c Taha Siddiqui Dear Pakistanis this Defence Day please stop celebrating hate Al Jazeera 6 September 2018 Nawaz Crossed Swords 2008 p 227 Opposing it was the Indian I Corps with its 1st Armoured Division and three infantry divisions with orders to secure the Pathankot Jammu road by launching a riposte to an anticipated move by Pakistan against Jammu the private plan of General Akhtar Malik that his superiors had thwarted Kumar Prejudice and Pride 2001 p 45 Young Nation a youth supplement published by the liberal Friday Times of Lahore wrote It tells an epic tale of our soldiers who being a very small number compared to the Indian and having very little ammunition weapons and machinery fought with such spirit bravery and courage that it stunned the Indian forces and of the unity of our people Air Marshal Nur Khan Dawn 6 September 2005 quoted in Hiranandani Transition to Guardianship 2013 pp 1963 1964 It was a wrong war and they misled the nation with a big lie that India rather than Pakistan had provoked the war and that we Pakistanis were the victims of the Indian aggression Paul Asymmetric Conflicts 1994 p 111 Joshi Kashmir 1947 1965 2008 p 213 a b c d Paul Asymmetric Conflicts 1994 p 112 Nawaz Crossed Swords 2008 p 213 Nawaz Crossed Swords 2008 p 227 Beaufre Andre 1965 An Introduction to Strategy With Particular Reference to Problems of Defense Politics Economics and Diplomacy in the Nuclear Age Faber amp Faber p 39 Hiranandani Transition to Guardianship 2013 p 1965 a b Hiranandani Transition to Guardianship 2013 p 1964 Joshi Kashmir 1947 1965 2008 p 215 in his report of September 16 the Secretary General chose to be even handed and told the Council that India had accepted the suggestion and Pakistan was yet to reply Fair C Christine 2014 Fighting to the End The Pakistan Army s Way of War Oxford University Press pp 142 143 ISBN 978 0 19 989271 6 Defense Day Celebrations Illustrated weekly of Pakistan 1968 p 22 Defense Day Soldiers honoured 46 years on The Express Tribune 6 September 2012 Retrieved 5 May 2012 Bibliography EditHiranandani Vice Admiral GM 2013 Transition to Guardianship The Indian Navy 1991 2000 Lancer Publishers LLC ISBN 978 1 935501 66 4 Joshi Manoj 2008 Kashmir 1947 1965 A Story Retold India Research Press ISBN 978 81 87943 52 5 Kumar Krishna 2001 Prejudice and Pride School histories of the freedom struggle in India and Pakistan Viking ISBN 9780670049134 Nawaz Shuja 2008 Crossed Swords Pakistan Its Army and the Wars Within Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 547660 6 Paul T V 1994 The Pakistani Offensive in Kashmir 1965 Asymmetric Conflicts War Initiation by Weaker Powers Cambridge University Press pp 107 125 ISBN 978 0 521 46621 9 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Defence Day amp oldid 1132222667, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
