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Dark wave

November 11, 2023

For the 1956 documentary film, see The Dark Wave.

Dark wave (also typeset as darkwave) is a music genre that emerged from the new wave and post-punk movement of the late 1970s.[5][6] Dark wave compositions are largely based on minor key tonality and introspective lyrics and have been perceived as being dark, romantic and bleak, with an undertone of sorrow.[5][7] The genre embraces a range of styles including cold wave,[8] ethereal wave,[9] gothic rock,[8][10][6] neoclassical dark wave[11] and neofolk.[10]

Dark wave
Other names
Stylistic origins
Cultural originsLate 1970s – early 1980s, Europe (particularly in the United Kingdom, West Germany, Belgium, France and Italy)
Subgenres
Regional scenes

In the 1980s, a subculture developed primarily in Europe alongside dark wave music, whose followers were called wavers[12][13] or dark wavers.[14][15] In some countries such as Germany, the movement also included fans of gothic rock[1] (so-called trad-goths).[16]

1980s: Origins edit

 
Clan of Xymox

Since the 1980s,[17][18][19] the term has been used in Europe to describe the gloomy and melancholy variant of new wave and post-punk music.[5][20] At that time, the term "goth" was inseparably connected with gothic rock,[21] whereas "dark wave" acquired a broader meaning, including music artists that were associated with gothic rock and synthesizer-based new wave music.[6][22]

The term darkwave originated in the 1980s as an indicator of the dark counterpart of new wave. Bands such as Siouxsie and the Banshees, Cocteau Twins, Soft Cell, and Depeche Mode are exponents of this first generation of darkwave. Darkwave ... employs relatively slower tempos, lower pitches, and more minor keys in its musical settings of melancholy texts than new wave.[23]

— Isabella van Elferen, Professor of Musicology, Kingston University, London

The movement spread internationally, developing such strands as ethereal wave, with bands such as Cocteau Twins, and neoclassical dark wave, initiated by the music of Dead Can Dance and In the Nursery.[24][25] Simultaneously, different substyles associated with the new wave and dark wave movements started to merge and influence each other.[3]

German dark wave bands were partially associated with the Neue Deutsche Welle (i.e. German new wave).[26] Other bands, such as Malaria! and the Vyllies, added elements of chanson and cabaret music, which became known as cabaret noir (or "dark cabaret", a term popularized by U.S. dark wave label Projekt Records).[20][27]

1990s: Second generation edit

 
The Frozen Autumn

After the new wave and post-punk movements faded in the mid-1980s,[28] dark wave was renewed[further explanation needed] as an underground movement.[29][30][31] Ataraxia and The Frozen Autumn from Italy, and the French Corpus Delicti also evolved from this movement and became the leading artists of the west Romanesque scene.[32] These bands followed a path[further explanation needed] based on the new wave and post-punk music of the 1980s.[12][23]

In the 1990s, a second generation of darkwave bands became popular, including Diary of Dreams, Deine Lakaien, and The Frozen Autumn... The German band Deine Lakaien ... is audibly influenced by the dark synthesizer sounds of Depeche Mode.[23]

— Isabella van Elferen, Professor of Musicology

At the same time, a number of German artists developed a more theatrical style, interspersed with German poetic, metaphorical lyrics, called Neue Deutsche Todeskunst (literally New German Death Art).[33][34] Other bands combined synthesizers with elements of neofolk and neoclassical dark wave.[24]

 
Faith & The Muse (Monica Richards and Marzia Rangel of Christ vs. Warhol and Scarlet's Remains)

After 1993, in the United States the term dark wave (as the one-word variant 'darkwave') became associated with the Projekt Records label,[22] because it was adopted by the label founder Sam Rosenthal after leafing through the pages of German music magazines such as Zillo, and has been used to promote and market artists from German label Hyperium Records in the U.S. (e.g. Chandeen and Love Is Colder Than Death).[35]

I first became aware of the term "Dark Wave" back in 1992. It appeared in German magazines – such as Zillo – describing a style of European music that followed other "waves" such as New Wave ... I found those two words ("dark" and "wave") quite interesting. This was something underground, submerged, obscure... which swept over you, immersed you, surrounded you. It was a poetic phrase that could describe many different sounds. At the time, I was looking for a name for my little mail-order company. I wanted something that would encompass the variety of music available in my catalog.[36]

— Sam Rosenthal, Projekt Records, 2000

Projekt featured bands such as Lycia, Black Tape for a Blue Girl, and Love Spirals Downwards, some of these characterized by atmospheric guitar and synth-sounds and female vocals. This style took cues from 1980s bands like Cocteau Twins[37][38] and is often referred to as ethereal dark wave.[39] Projekt has also had a long association with Attrition, who appeared on the label's earliest compilations.[40] Joshua Gunn, a professor of communication studies at Louisiana University, described the U.S. type of dark wave music as

an expansion of the rather limited gothic repertoire into electronica and, in a way, the US answer to the 'ethereal' subgenre that developed in Europe (e.g. Dead Can Dance). Anchored by Sam Rosenthal's now New York-based label Projekt, dark wave music is less rock and more roll, supporting bands who tend to emphasize folk songcraft, hushed vocals, ambient experimentation, and synthesized sounds [...] Projekt bands like Love Spirals Downwards and Lycia are the most popular of this subgenre.[41]

2010s: Revival edit

In the 2010s, a new generation of bands rekindled the darkwave genre for a new generation of fans. The most prominent of these acts is Boy Harsher, but others include Drab Majesty, Pixel Grip, Kontravoid, Spike Hellis, MVTANT, Zen Hander and Void Vision.[42][43][44] Substance is an annual Darkwave and Industrial music festival occurring in Los Angeles which began in the 2010s.[45] Meanwhile, Verboden is an annual Darkwave festival in Vancouver, British Columbia.[46] The since 1992 happening Wave-Gotik-Treffen in Leipzig, Germany, is considered one of the largest world festival for "dark" music and culture, happening over Pentecost every year throughout the whole city and attracting around 20'000 visitors from all over the world.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Steinberg, Shirley R.; Parmar, Priya; Richard, Birgit (2005). Contemporary Youth Culture. An International Encyclopedia. Volume II. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 431. ISBN 0-313-33729-2.
  2. ^ Dumeier, Michael: Smalltalk & Concerts, The Mettmist music magazine, issue 1, 1984, p. 24
    Janning, Frank: The Lawyers of Death, SPEX. Musik zur Zeit, issue 9/86, September 1986, p. 10
    Schubert, Dieter: Was ist ein Perfect Beat?, My Way music magazine, issue 9, 1988, p. 20
  3. ^ a b Ogiba, Jeff (11 July 2012). "A Brief History of Musical Waves from NEW to NEXT". Vice.
  4. ^ Webb, Peter: Exploring the Networked Worlds of Popular Music, Routledge Chapman & Hall, 2007, ISBN 0-415-95658-7, p. 60
  5. ^ a b c Farin, Klaus; Neubauer, Hendrik (2001). Artificial Tribes: Jugendliche Stammeskulturen in Deutschland (Orig.-Ausg. ed.). Bad Tölz: Tilsner. p. 139. ISBN 3-933773-11-3. OCLC 493304020.
  6. ^ a b c Hecken, Thomas; Kleiner, Marcus S. (2017). Handbuch Popkultur. J. B. Metzler Verlag. p. 79. ISBN 978-3-476-02677-4.
  7. ^ Schmidt, Axel; Neumann-Braun, Klaus: Die Welt der Gothics. Spielräume düster konnotierter Transzendenz., Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften 2004, ISBN 3-531-14353-0, p. 270
  8. ^ a b Schilz, Andrea: Flyer der Schwarzen Szene Deutschlands: Visualisierungen, Strukturen, Mentalitäten. Waxmann Verlag, 2010, ISBN 978-3-8309-2097-7, p. 84.
  9. ^ Reesman, Bryan (April 1999). "The Scene Is Now: Dark Wave". CMJ New Music Monthly (68): 48. Female vocals, both wispy and operatic, have become fashionable, particularly in the Ethereal subgenre.
  10. ^ a b Uecker, Susann: Mit High-Heels im Stechschritt, Hirnkost Verlag, 2014, ISBN 3-943-77453-8
  11. ^ Carstens, Olaf; Thalhofer, Frank: Duden - Das Fremdwörterbuch, Bibliographisches Institut, Auflage 11, 2015, ISBN 3-411-04061-0, p. 726
  12. ^ a b Farin, Klaus; Wallraff, Kirsten; Archiv der Jugendkulturen e.V., Berlin (1999). Die Gothics : Interviews, Fotografien (Orig.-Ausg. ed.). Bad Tölz: Tilsner. ISBN 9783933773098.
  13. ^ Matzke, Peter; Seeliger, Tobias (2002). Die schwarze Musik-Szene in Deutschland (2., erg. Aufl. ed.). Berlin: Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf. p. 217. ISBN 3-89602-332-2. OCLC 742385153.
  14. ^ Haumann, Melanie: Fetisch Weiblichkeit. Der Mythos der schönen Frau?, Verlag für Wissenschaft und Forschung, 2001, ISBN 3-897-00326-0, p. 2
  15. ^ Farin, Klaus: "Jugend, Gesellschaft und Recht im neuen Jahrtausend", Forum Verlag Godesberg, 2003, ISBN 3-930-98284-6, p. 66
  16. ^ Hodkinson, Paul: Goth. Identity, Style and Subculture, Bloomsbury Academic, 2002, ISBN 1-859-73605-X, p. 50
  17. ^ SPEX. Musik zur Zeit: Classified Ad by German distribution company EFA – Spots 5/85, issue 5/85, p. 17, May 1985, online picture
  18. ^ Bobby Vox: Gorgonen, Hydras & Chimären – Interview with Marquee Moon, E.B. music magazine, issue 3/86, p. 18, May 1986
  19. ^ New Life Soundmagazine, issue 38, description of the single "Love Will Tear Us Apart" by Joy Division, p. 10, November 1988
  20. ^ a b Issitt, Micah: Goths: A Guide to an American Subculture, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2011, ISBN 0-313-38604-8, p. 111
  21. ^ Schmidt, Axel; Neumann-Braun, Klaus: Die Welt der Gothics. Spielräume düster konnotierter Transzendenz., Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften 2004, ISBN 3-531-14353-0, p. 261.
  22. ^ a b Rouner, Jeff (20 January 2011). "The Seven Ages of Goth". Houston Press.
  23. ^ a b c Isabella van Elferen, Jeffrey Andrew Weinstock: Goth Music: From Sound to Subculture. Routledge Studies in Popular Music, 2015, ISBN 0-415-72004-4
  24. ^ a b Matzke, Peter; Seeliger, Tobias: Das Gothic- und Dark-Wave-Lexikon, p. 400, 2003, ISBN 3-89602-522-8
  25. ^ Nym, Alexander: Schillerndes Dunkel. Geschichte, Entwicklung und Themen der Gothic-Szene, Plöttner Verlag 2010, ISBN 3-862-11006-0, p. 169
  26. ^ Schmidt, Axel; Neumann-Braun, Klaus: Die Welt der Gothics. Spielräume düster konnotierter Transzendenz., Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften 2004, ISBN 3-531-14353-0, p. 256
  27. ^ Stücker, Bianca: Die Funktionalisierung von Technik innerhalb des subkulturellen Kontexts, Europäischer Hochschulverlag, 2013, ISBN 3-867-41863-2, p. 74
  28. ^ Schilz, Andrea: Flyer der Schwarzen Szene Deutschlands: Visualisierungen, Strukturen, Mentalitäten. Waxmann Verlag, 2010, ISBN 978-3-8309-2097-7, p. 92
  29. ^ Schmidt, Axel; Neumann-Braun, Klaus: Die Welt der Gothics. Spielräume düster konnotierter Transzendenz., Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften 2004, ISBN 3-531-14353-0, pp. 258/259
  30. ^ Kilpatrick, Nancy. The Goth Bible: A Compendium for the Darkly Inclined. New York: St. Martin's Griffin, 2004, ISBN 0-312-30696-2, pp. 84/85.
  31. ^ Köble, Oliver: Editorial, Glasnost magazine, issue 28, p. 3, July/August 1991
  32. ^ Stableford, Brian: News of the Black Feast and Other Random Reviews, Wildside Press 31 March 2009, ISBN 1-434-40336-X, p. 24
  33. ^ Matzke, Peter; Seeliger, Tobias: Das Gothic- und Dark-Wave-Lexikon, p. 311, 2002, ISBN 3-89602-277-6
  34. ^ Schmidt, Axel; Neumann-Braun, Klaus: Die Welt der Gothics. Spielräume düster konnotierter Transzendenz., Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften 2004, ISBN 3-531-14353-0, pp. 280/281.
  35. ^ . Archived from the original on 30 January 1997. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
  36. ^ Various Artists: Darkwave: Music of the Shadows, K-Tel International Inc., Liner Notes, Februar 2000
  37. ^ Dave Thompson, Kirsten Borchardt: Schattenwelt – Helden und Legenden des Gothic Rock., Hannibal Verlag 2003, ISBN 3-85445-236-5, p. 362
  38. ^ Mercer, Mick. Music to die for. London: Cherry Red Books, 2009, ISBN 190144726X, p. 105
  39. ^ Glasnost Wave-Magazin, issue 42, Description of the bands Trance to the Sun, This Ascension, p. 32/34, April 1994
  40. ^ Various Artists: From Across this Gray Land, first appearance of Attrition on Projekt Records, 1986
  41. ^ Kilpatrick, Nancy. The Goth Bible: A Compendium for the Darkly Inclined. New York: St. Martin's Griffin, 2004, ISBN 0-312-30696-2, p. 90.
  42. ^ Mandel, Leah (24 January 2019). "Be 'Careful': Boy Harsher Pushes its Darkwave Sound to Thrilling Ends". Retrieved 18 December 2022 – via NPR.
  43. ^ "Boy Harsher are the cinematic sound of heartbreak | Dazed". 3 September 2019. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  44. ^ "Verboden Festival". Verboden Festival. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  45. ^ Los Angeles Post-Punk Festival Substance Reveals its 2022 Lineup
  46. ^ "Verboden Festival". Verboden Festival. Retrieved 2 May 2023.

External links edit

  •   Media related to Dark Wave at Wikimedia Commons

November 11, 2023
dark, wave, 1956, documentary, film, dark, wave, also, typeset, darkwave, music, genre, that, emerged, from, wave, post, punk, movement, late, 1970s, compositions, largely, based, minor, tonality, introspective, lyrics, have, been, perceived, being, dark, roma. For the 1956 documentary film see The Dark Wave Dark wave also typeset as darkwave is a music genre that emerged from the new wave and post punk movement of the late 1970s 5 6 Dark wave compositions are largely based on minor key tonality and introspective lyrics and have been perceived as being dark romantic and bleak with an undertone of sorrow 5 7 The genre embraces a range of styles including cold wave 8 ethereal wave 9 gothic rock 8 10 6 neoclassical dark wave 11 and neofolk 10 Dark waveOther namesDoom 1 doom wave 2 Stylistic originsNew wave 3 post punk 4 Cultural originsLate 1970s early 1980s Europe particularly in the United Kingdom West Germany Belgium France and Italy SubgenresEthereal waveRegional scenesFranceGermanyIn the 1980s a subculture developed primarily in Europe alongside dark wave music whose followers were called wavers 12 13 or dark wavers 14 15 In some countries such as Germany the movement also included fans of gothic rock 1 so called trad goths 16 Contents 1 1980s Origins 2 1990s Second generation 3 2010s Revival 4 See also 5 References 6 External links1980s Origins edit nbsp Clan of XymoxSince the 1980s 17 18 19 the term has been used in Europe to describe the gloomy and melancholy variant of new wave and post punk music 5 20 At that time the term goth was inseparably connected with gothic rock 21 whereas dark wave acquired a broader meaning including music artists that were associated with gothic rock and synthesizer based new wave music 6 22 The term darkwave originated in the 1980s as an indicator of the dark counterpart of new wave Bands such as Siouxsie and the Banshees Cocteau Twins Soft Cell and Depeche Mode are exponents of this first generation of darkwave Darkwave employs relatively slower tempos lower pitches and more minor keys in its musical settings of melancholy texts than new wave 23 Isabella van Elferen Professor of Musicology Kingston University London The movement spread internationally developing such strands as ethereal wave with bands such as Cocteau Twins and neoclassical dark wave initiated by the music of Dead Can Dance and In the Nursery 24 25 Simultaneously different substyles associated with the new wave and dark wave movements started to merge and influence each other 3 German dark wave bands were partially associated with the Neue Deutsche Welle i e German new wave 26 Other bands such as Malaria and the Vyllies added elements of chanson and cabaret music which became known as cabaret noir or dark cabaret a term popularized by U S dark wave label Projekt Records 20 27 1990s Second generation edit nbsp The Frozen AutumnAfter the new wave and post punk movements faded in the mid 1980s 28 dark wave was renewed further explanation needed as an underground movement 29 30 31 Ataraxia and The Frozen Autumn from Italy and the French Corpus Delicti also evolved from this movement and became the leading artists of the west Romanesque scene 32 These bands followed a path further explanation needed based on the new wave and post punk music of the 1980s 12 23 In the 1990s a second generation of darkwave bands became popular including Diary of Dreams Deine Lakaien and The Frozen Autumn The German band Deine Lakaien is audibly influenced by the dark synthesizer sounds of Depeche Mode 23 Isabella van Elferen Professor of Musicology At the same time a number of German artists developed a more theatrical style interspersed with German poetic metaphorical lyrics called Neue Deutsche Todeskunst literally New German Death Art 33 34 Other bands combined synthesizers with elements of neofolk and neoclassical dark wave 24 nbsp Faith amp The Muse Monica Richards and Marzia Rangel of Christ vs Warhol and Scarlet s Remains After 1993 in the United States the term dark wave as the one word variant darkwave became associated with the Projekt Records label 22 because it was adopted by the label founder Sam Rosenthal after leafing through the pages of German music magazines such as Zillo and has been used to promote and market artists from German label Hyperium Records in the U S e g Chandeen and Love Is Colder Than Death 35 I first became aware of the term Dark Wave back in 1992 It appeared in German magazines such as Zillo describing a style of European music that followed other waves such as New Wave I found those two words dark and wave quite interesting This was something underground submerged obscure which swept over you immersed you surrounded you It was a poetic phrase that could describe many different sounds At the time I was looking for a name for my little mail order company I wanted something that would encompass the variety of music available in my catalog 36 Sam Rosenthal Projekt Records 2000 Projekt featured bands such as Lycia Black Tape for a Blue Girl and Love Spirals Downwards some of these characterized by atmospheric guitar and synth sounds and female vocals This style took cues from 1980s bands like Cocteau Twins 37 38 and is often referred to as ethereal dark wave 39 Projekt has also had a long association with Attrition who appeared on the label s earliest compilations 40 Joshua Gunn a professor of communication studies at Louisiana University described the U S type of dark wave music as an expansion of the rather limited gothic repertoire into electronica and in a way the US answer to the ethereal subgenre that developed in Europe e g Dead Can Dance Anchored by Sam Rosenthal s now New York based label Projekt dark wave music is less rock and more roll supporting bands who tend to emphasize folk songcraft hushed vocals ambient experimentation and synthesized sounds Projekt bands like Love Spirals Downwards and Lycia are the most popular of this subgenre 41 2010s Revival editIn the 2010s a new generation of bands rekindled the darkwave genre for a new generation of fans The most prominent of these acts is Boy Harsher but others include Drab Majesty Pixel Grip Kontravoid Spike Hellis MVTANT Zen Hander and Void Vision 42 43 44 Substance is an annual Darkwave and Industrial music festival occurring in Los Angeles which began in the 2010s 45 Meanwhile Verboden is an annual Darkwave festival in Vancouver British Columbia 46 The since 1992 happening Wave Gotik Treffen in Leipzig Germany is considered one of the largest world festival for dark music and culture happening over Pentecost every year throughout the whole city and attracting around 20 000 visitors from all over the world See also editAmbient music Dungeon synthReferences edit a b Steinberg Shirley R Parmar Priya Richard Birgit 2005 Contemporary Youth Culture An International Encyclopedia Volume II Greenwood Publishing Group p 431 ISBN 0 313 33729 2 Dumeier Michael Smalltalk amp Concerts The Mettmist music magazine issue 1 1984 p 24Janning Frank The Lawyers of Death SPEX Musik zur Zeit issue 9 86 September 1986 p 10Schubert Dieter Was ist ein Perfect Beat My Way music magazine issue 9 1988 p 20 a b Ogiba Jeff 11 July 2012 A Brief History of Musical Waves from NEW to NEXT Vice Webb Peter Exploring the Networked Worlds of Popular Music Routledge Chapman amp Hall 2007 ISBN 0 415 95658 7 p 60 a b c Farin Klaus Neubauer Hendrik 2001 Artificial Tribes Jugendliche Stammeskulturen in Deutschland Orig Ausg ed Bad Tolz Tilsner p 139 ISBN 3 933773 11 3 OCLC 493304020 a b c Hecken Thomas Kleiner Marcus S 2017 Handbuch Popkultur J B Metzler Verlag p 79 ISBN 978 3 476 02677 4 Schmidt Axel Neumann Braun Klaus Die Welt der Gothics Spielraume duster konnotierter Transzendenz Wiesbaden VS Verlag fur Sozialwissenschaften 2004 ISBN 3 531 14353 0 p 270 a b Schilz Andrea Flyer der Schwarzen Szene Deutschlands Visualisierungen Strukturen Mentalitaten Waxmann Verlag 2010 ISBN 978 3 8309 2097 7 p 84 Reesman Bryan April 1999 The Scene Is Now Dark Wave CMJ New Music Monthly 68 48 Female vocals both wispy and operatic have become fashionable particularly in the Ethereal subgenre a b Uecker Susann Mit High Heels im Stechschritt Hirnkost Verlag 2014 ISBN 3 943 77453 8 Carstens Olaf Thalhofer Frank Duden Das Fremdworterbuch Bibliographisches Institut Auflage 11 2015 ISBN 3 411 04061 0 p 726 a b Farin Klaus Wallraff Kirsten Archiv der Jugendkulturen e V Berlin 1999 Die Gothics Interviews Fotografien Orig Ausg ed Bad Tolz Tilsner ISBN 9783933773098 Matzke Peter Seeliger Tobias 2002 Die schwarze Musik Szene in Deutschland 2 erg Aufl ed Berlin Schwarzkopf amp Schwarzkopf p 217 ISBN 3 89602 332 2 OCLC 742385153 Haumann Melanie Fetisch Weiblichkeit Der Mythos der schonen Frau Verlag fur Wissenschaft und Forschung 2001 ISBN 3 897 00326 0 p 2 Farin Klaus Jugend Gesellschaft und Recht im neuen Jahrtausend Forum Verlag Godesberg 2003 ISBN 3 930 98284 6 p 66 Hodkinson Paul Goth Identity Style and Subculture Bloomsbury Academic 2002 ISBN 1 859 73605 X p 50 SPEX Musik zur Zeit Classified Ad by German distribution company EFA Spots 5 85 issue 5 85 p 17 May 1985 online picture Bobby Vox Gorgonen Hydras amp Chimaren Interview with Marquee Moon E B music magazine issue 3 86 p 18 May 1986 New Life Soundmagazine issue 38 description of the single Love Will Tear Us Apart by Joy Division p 10 November 1988 a b Issitt Micah Goths A Guide to an American Subculture Greenwood Publishing Group 2011 ISBN 0 313 38604 8 p 111 Schmidt Axel Neumann Braun Klaus Die Welt der Gothics Spielraume duster konnotierter Transzendenz Wiesbaden VS Verlag fur Sozialwissenschaften 2004 ISBN 3 531 14353 0 p 261 a b Rouner Jeff 20 January 2011 The Seven Ages of Goth Houston Press a b c Isabella van Elferen Jeffrey Andrew Weinstock Goth Music From Sound to Subculture Routledge Studies in Popular Music 2015 ISBN 0 415 72004 4 a b Matzke Peter Seeliger Tobias Das Gothic und Dark Wave Lexikon p 400 2003 ISBN 3 89602 522 8 Nym Alexander Schillerndes Dunkel Geschichte Entwicklung und Themen der Gothic Szene Plottner Verlag 2010 ISBN 3 862 11006 0 p 169 Schmidt Axel Neumann Braun Klaus Die Welt der Gothics Spielraume duster konnotierter Transzendenz Wiesbaden VS Verlag fur Sozialwissenschaften 2004 ISBN 3 531 14353 0 p 256 Stucker Bianca Die Funktionalisierung von Technik innerhalb des subkulturellen Kontexts Europaischer Hochschulverlag 2013 ISBN 3 867 41863 2 p 74 Schilz Andrea Flyer der Schwarzen Szene Deutschlands Visualisierungen Strukturen Mentalitaten Waxmann Verlag 2010 ISBN 978 3 8309 2097 7 p 92 Schmidt Axel Neumann Braun Klaus Die Welt der Gothics Spielraume duster konnotierter Transzendenz Wiesbaden VS Verlag fur Sozialwissenschaften 2004 ISBN 3 531 14353 0 pp 258 259 Kilpatrick Nancy The Goth Bible A Compendium for the Darkly Inclined New York St Martin s Griffin 2004 ISBN 0 312 30696 2 pp 84 85 Koble Oliver Editorial Glasnost magazine issue 28 p 3 July August 1991 Stableford Brian News of the Black Feast and Other Random Reviews Wildside Press 31 March 2009 ISBN 1 434 40336 X p 24 Matzke Peter Seeliger Tobias Das Gothic und Dark Wave Lexikon p 311 2002 ISBN 3 89602 277 6 Schmidt Axel Neumann Braun Klaus Die Welt der Gothics Spielraume duster konnotierter Transzendenz Wiesbaden VS Verlag fur Sozialwissenschaften 2004 ISBN 3 531 14353 0 pp 280 281 Projekt Darkwave Catalogue November 1996 Archived from the original on 30 January 1997 Retrieved 17 July 2019 Various Artists Darkwave Music of the Shadows K Tel International Inc Liner Notes Februar 2000 Dave Thompson Kirsten Borchardt Schattenwelt Helden und Legenden des Gothic Rock Hannibal Verlag 2003 ISBN 3 85445 236 5 p 362 Mercer Mick Music to die for London Cherry Red Books 2009 ISBN 190144726X p 105 Glasnost Wave Magazin issue 42 Description of the bands Trance to the Sun This Ascension p 32 34 April 1994 Various Artists From Across this Gray Land first appearance of Attrition on Projekt Records 1986 Kilpatrick Nancy The Goth Bible A Compendium for the Darkly Inclined New York St Martin s Griffin 2004 ISBN 0 312 30696 2 p 90 Mandel Leah 24 January 2019 Be Careful Boy Harsher Pushes its Darkwave Sound to Thrilling Ends Retrieved 18 December 2022 via NPR Boy Harsher are the cinematic sound of heartbreak Dazed 3 September 2019 Retrieved 18 December 2022 Verboden Festival Verboden Festival Retrieved 2 May 2023 Los Angeles Post Punk Festival Substance Reveals its 2022 Lineup Verboden Festival Verboden Festival Retrieved 2 May 2023 External links edit nbsp Media related to Dark Wave at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dark wave amp oldid 1183450171, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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