The Daimler-Benz DB 603 was a German aircraft engine used during World War II. It was a liquid-cooled 12-cylinder inverted V12 enlargement of the 33.9 Liter DB 601, which was in itself a development of the DB 600. Production of the DB 603 commenced in May 1942, and with a 44.5 liter (44,500 cc) displacement figure, was the largest displacement inverted V12 aviation engine to be produced and used in front line aircraft of the Third Reich during World War II.
DB 603
Preserved Daimler-Benz DB 603E with cutaway sections.
A Do 217N night fighter with Kraftei-format DB 603s fittedBV 238 V1 flying boat with Kraftei DB 603s, similar to Do 217s
The Mercedes-Benz T80 land speed record car, designed by aircraft engineer Josef Mickl with assistance from Ferdinand Porsche and top German Grand Prix racing driver Hans Stuck, incorporated the third prototype DB 603. It was set up for the land speed record run attempt to operate on an exotic fuel mix based on a 63% methanol, 16% benzene and 12% ethanol content, with minor percentages of acetone, nitrobenzene, avgas and ether. Adding to the power output was a pioneering form of the Luftwaffe's later MW 50 methanol/water injection boost, and was tuned to 3,000 PS (2,959 hp, 2,207 kW)— enough, it was believed, to propel the aerodynamic three-axle T80 up to 750 km/h (466 mph) on a specially-prepared, nearly 10 km (6.2 mi) length stretch of the roughly north–south oriented Autobahn Berlin — Halle/Leipzig, which passed close to the east side of Dessau (now part of the modern A9 Autobahn) and with the actual length's location due south of Dessau, reworked to be 25 m (82 ft) wide with a paved-over median, for the record to be set in January 1940 during Rekord Woche (Record/Speed Week). Due to the outbreak of the war in September 1939, the T80 (nicknamed Schwarzer Vogel, "Black Bird") never raced. The DB 603 engine was removed from the vehicle for use in fighter aircraft.
As Germany's largest displacement inverted V12 aviation powerplant in production during the war years, the DB 603 saw wide operational use as the primary engine type for many twin and multi-engined combat aircraft designs — the promising twin-engined Dornier Do 335Pfeil prototype heavy fighter, the front-line Messerschmitt Me 410Hornisse heavy fighter and Heinkel He 219Uhu twin-engined night fighter were all designed to be powered by the DB 603. The Dornier Do 217M and -N medium bomber and night fighter subtypes powered by inline engines, and the enormous sixty-metre wingspan, six-engined Blohm & Voss BV 238 flying boat prototype, essentially had their DB 603 powerplants installed within what appeared to be the same unitized complete engine/cowl/radiator assembly as a complete unit-replaceable "power system" for twin and multi-engined aircraft — this particular design featured a "chin"-style radiator installation directly beneath the crankcase, and the oil cooler placed on the dorsal portion of the installation for the earlier examples, as the BV 238 had no visible upper-cowl openings for engine cooling of any sort for its half-dozen unitized DB 603s. The He 219 airframe pioneered what is believed to be a Heinkel-specific Kraftei unitized engine package for the DB 603 engine using a well-streamlined annular radiator set for primary engine cooling between the propeller and its reduction gear housing with a nearly-cylindrical cowl behind it, pierced only by the twin rows of six exhaust stacks, one row per side. The characteristic portside-cowl supercharger intake for Daimler-Benz inverted V12s was usually accommodated away from the nacelle's sheetmetal itself for the Heinkel/DB 603 unitized engine package, most often within the airframe's wing panel design. The same Kraftei packaging for the He 219 was also used for powering the four-engined prototype He 177B strategic bomber series, and with an added turbocharger in each nacelle, the six ordered (two completed) prototypes of Heinkel's He 274 high-altitude strategic bomber project.
Variantsedit
Production versionsedit
DB 603E built in 1944, right-hand side viewDB 603E at Deutsches Museum, MunichDB 603 E1 at Aviaticum Museum, Wiener NeustadtThe NASM's He 219 fuselage, with its Heinkel-specific DB 603 Kraftei unitized engines to lower right
DB 603A, rated altitude of 5.7 km, B4 fuel
Power (take-off): 1750 PS (1726 hp, 1287 kW) at 2700 rpm at sea level
Combat power: 1580 PS (1558 hp, 1162 kW) at 2500 rpm at sea level
DB 603AA DB 603A with an improved supercharger, rated altitude of 7.3 km, B4 fuel
Power (take-off): 1670 PS (1647 hp, 1228 kW) at 2700 rpm at sea level
Combat power: 1580 PS (1558 hp, 1162 kW) at 2500 rpm at sea level
DB 603E rated altitude of 7.0 km, B4 fuel
Power (take-off): 1800 PS (1775 hp, 1324 kW) at 2700 rpm at sea level
Combat power: 1575 PS (1553 hp, 1158 kW) at 2500 rpm at sea level
Prototypes and other versionsedit
DB 603D, a DB 603A with propellers rotating counter-clockwise; production unknown
DB 603F, a DB 603E with propellers rotating counter-clockwise; production unknown
DB 603G (production cancelled)
Power (max): 1900 PS (1874 hp, 1397 kW) at 2700 rpm at sea level
Combat power: 1560 PS (1539 hp, 1147 kW) at 2700 rpm at sea level
DB 603L/LA (prototype with two-stage supercharger, B4 fuel)
Power (max): 2000 PS (1973 hp, 1471 kW)
DB 603L/M two-stage supercharger, rated altitude of 10.5 km, C3 fuel
Power (take-off): 2450 PS (2416 hp, 1801 kW) at 3000 rpm at sea level
Combat power: 2100 PS (2071 hp, 1544 kW) at 2700 rpm at sea level
DB 603N (prototype with two-stage supercharger, C3 fuel)
Power (take-off): 3000PS (2958 hp, 2206 kW) at 3200 rpm at sea level
Power (max): 2570 PS (2762 hp, 2059 kW) at 3000 rpm at sea level
Continuous: 1930 PS (1904 hp, 1420 kW) at 2700 rpm at sea level
DB 603S (DB 603A with experimental TK-11 turbo-supercharger) - Intended (not known if actually used) for the Heinkel He 274 prototype airframes.
Power (max): Not known.
DB 613 Coupled side-by-side DB 603s, meant to replace the DB 606 and DB 610, in prototype form only from March 1940 through 1943 and weighing an estimated 1.8 tonnes apiece.
Power (max): Estimated at some 3,854 PS (2,833 kW, 3,800 hp) each per "power system".
DB 614 a 2000 PS development.
DB 615 Coupled DB 614 engines
DB 617 A long-range derivative of the DB 603
DB 618 Coupled DB 617 engines
DB 622 A DB 603 with a two-stage supercharger and single-stage turbocharger
DB 623 A DB 603 with twin turbochargers
DB 624 A DB 603 with a two-stage supercharger and single-stage turbocharger
DB 626 A DB 603 with twin turbochargers and intercooler
DB 627 The DB 603 fitted with a two-stage supercharger and after-cooler.
DB 631 An abandoned three stage supercharged DB 603G.
DB 632 A projected development of the DB 603N with contra-rotating propellers.
All power data is given in metric horsepower as stated per manufacturer. Power (max) is Takeoff and Emergency power (5-min-rating), combat power is climb and combat power (30-min rating), continuous is without time limit.
Bingham, Victor (1998). Major Piston Aero Engines of World War II. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing. ISBN1-84037-012-2.
Christopher, John (2013). The Race for Hitler's X-Planes: Britain's 1945 Mission to Capture Secret Luftwaffe Technology. Stroud, UK: History Press. ISBN978-0-7524-6457-2.
Gunston, Bill (2006). World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines: From the Pioneers to the Present Day (5th ed.). Stroud, UK: Sutton. ISBN0-7509-4479-X.
Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II. London. Studio Editions Ltd, 1989. ISBN0-517-67964-7
Neil Gregor Daimler-Benz in the Third Reich. Yale University Press, 1998
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Daimler-Benz DB 603.
Aviation History.com, DB 600 series page
November 05, 2023
daimler, benz, german, aircraft, engine, used, during, world, liquid, cooled, cylinder, inverted, enlargement, liter, which, itself, development, production, commenced, 1942, with, liter, displacement, figure, largest, displacement, inverted, aviation, engine,. The Daimler Benz DB 603 was a German aircraft engine used during World War II It was a liquid cooled 12 cylinder inverted V12 enlargement of the 33 9 Liter DB 601 which was in itself a development of the DB 600 Production of the DB 603 commenced in May 1942 and with a 44 5 liter 44 500 cc displacement figure was the largest displacement inverted V12 aviation engine to be produced and used in front line aircraft of the Third Reich during World War II DB 603Preserved Daimler Benz DB 603E with cutaway sections Type Piston V12 aircraft engineNational origin GermanyManufacturer Daimler BenzFirst run 1939Major applications Blohm amp Voss BV 238 Dornier Do 217 Dornier Do 335 Heinkel He 219 Messerschmitt Me 410Developed from Daimler Benz DB 601The DB 603 powered several aircraft including the Do 217 N amp M Do 335 He 219 Me 410 BV 155 and Ta 152C Contents 1 Design and development 2 Variants 2 1 Production versions 2 2 Prototypes and other versions 3 Applications 3 1 Land vehicles 4 Specifications DB 603A 4 1 General characteristics 4 2 Components 4 3 Performance 5 See also 6 References 6 1 Notes 6 2 Bibliography 7 External linksDesign and development edit nbsp A Do 217N night fighter with Kraftei format DB 603s fitted nbsp BV 238 V1 flying boat with Kraftei DB 603s similar to Do 217sThe Mercedes Benz T80 land speed record car designed by aircraft engineer Josef Mickl with assistance from Ferdinand Porsche and top German Grand Prix racing driver Hans Stuck incorporated the third prototype DB 603 It was set up for the land speed record run attempt to operate on an exotic fuel mix based on a 63 methanol 16 benzene and 12 ethanol content with minor percentages of acetone nitrobenzene avgas and ether Adding to the power output was a pioneering form of the Luftwaffe s later MW 50 methanol water injection boost and was tuned to 3 000 PS 2 959 hp 2 207 kW enough it was believed to propel the aerodynamic three axle T80 up to 750 km h 466 mph on a specially prepared nearly 10 km 6 2 mi length stretch of the roughly north south oriented Autobahn Berlin Halle Leipzig which passed close to the east side of Dessau now part of the modern A9 Autobahn and with the actual length s location due south of Dessau reworked to be 25 m 82 ft wide with a paved over median for the record to be set in January 1940 during Rekord Woche Record Speed Week Due to the outbreak of the war in September 1939 the T80 nicknamed Schwarzer Vogel Black Bird never raced The DB 603 engine was removed from the vehicle for use in fighter aircraft As Germany s largest displacement inverted V12 aviation powerplant in production during the war years the DB 603 saw wide operational use as the primary engine type for many twin and multi engined combat aircraft designs the promising twin engined Dornier Do 335 Pfeil prototype heavy fighter the front line Messerschmitt Me 410 Hornisse heavy fighter and Heinkel He 219 Uhu twin engined night fighter were all designed to be powered by the DB 603 The Dornier Do 217M and N medium bomber and night fighter subtypes powered by inline engines and the enormous sixty metre wingspan six engined Blohm amp Voss BV 238 flying boat prototype essentially had their DB 603 powerplants installed within what appeared to be the same unitized complete engine cowl radiator assembly as a complete unit replaceable power system for twin and multi engined aircraft this particular design featured a chin style radiator installation directly beneath the crankcase and the oil cooler placed on the dorsal portion of the installation for the earlier examples as the BV 238 had no visible upper cowl openings for engine cooling of any sort for its half dozen unitized DB 603s The He 219 airframe pioneered what is believed to be a Heinkel specific Kraftei unitized engine package for the DB 603 engine using a well streamlined annular radiator set for primary engine cooling between the propeller and its reduction gear housing with a nearly cylindrical cowl behind it pierced only by the twin rows of six exhaust stacks one row per side The characteristic portside cowl supercharger intake for Daimler Benz inverted V12s was usually accommodated away from the nacelle s sheetmetal itself for the Heinkel DB 603 unitized engine package most often within the airframe s wing panel design The same Kraftei packaging for the He 219 was also used for powering the four engined prototype He 177B strategic bomber series and with an added turbocharger in each nacelle the six ordered two completed prototypes of Heinkel s He 274 high altitude strategic bomber project Variants editProduction versions edit nbsp DB 603E built in 1944 right hand side view nbsp DB 603E at Deutsches Museum Munich nbsp DB 603 E1 at Aviaticum Museum Wiener Neustadt nbsp The NASM s He 219 fuselage with its Heinkel specific DB 603 Kraftei unitized engines to lower rightDB 603A rated altitude of 5 7 km B4 fuelPower take off 1750 PS 1726 hp 1287 kW at 2700 rpm at sea level Combat power 1580 PS 1558 hp 1162 kW at 2500 rpm at sea levelDB 603AA DB 603A with an improved supercharger rated altitude of 7 3 km B4 fuelPower take off 1670 PS 1647 hp 1228 kW at 2700 rpm at sea level Combat power 1580 PS 1558 hp 1162 kW at 2500 rpm at sea levelDB 603E rated altitude of 7 0 km B4 fuelPower take off 1800 PS 1775 hp 1324 kW at 2700 rpm at sea level Combat power 1575 PS 1553 hp 1158 kW at 2500 rpm at sea levelPrototypes and other versions edit DB 603D a DB 603A with propellers rotating counter clockwise production unknown DB 603F a DB 603E with propellers rotating counter clockwise production unknown DB 603G production cancelled Power max 1900 PS 1874 hp 1397 kW at 2700 rpm at sea level Combat power 1560 PS 1539 hp 1147 kW at 2700 rpm at sea levelDB 603L LA prototype with two stage supercharger B4 fuel Power max 2000 PS 1973 hp 1471 kW DB 603L M two stage supercharger rated altitude of 10 5 km C3 fuelPower take off 2450 PS 2416 hp 1801 kW at 3000 rpm at sea level Combat power 2100 PS 2071 hp 1544 kW at 2700 rpm at sea levelDB 603N prototype with two stage supercharger C3 fuel Power take off 3000PS 2958 hp 2206 kW at 3200 rpm at sea level Power max 2570 PS 2762 hp 2059 kW at 3000 rpm at sea level Continuous 1930 PS 1904 hp 1420 kW at 2700 rpm at sea levelDB 603S DB 603A with experimental TK 11 turbo supercharger Intended not known if actually used for the Heinkel He 274 prototype airframes Power max Not known DB 613 Coupled side by side DB 603s meant to replace the DB 606 and DB 610 in prototype form only from March 1940 through 1943 and weighing an estimated 1 8 tonnes apiece Power max Estimated at some 3 854 PS 2 833 kW 3 800 hp each per power system DB 614 a 2000 PS development DB 615 Coupled DB 614 engines DB 617 A long range derivative of the DB 603 DB 618 Coupled DB 617 engines DB 622 A DB 603 with a two stage supercharger and single stage turbocharger DB 623 A DB 603 with twin turbochargers DB 624 A DB 603 with a two stage supercharger and single stage turbocharger DB 626 A DB 603 with twin turbochargers and intercooler DB 627 The DB 603 fitted with a two stage supercharger and after cooler DB 631 An abandoned three stage supercharged DB 603G DB 632 A projected development of the DB 603N with contra rotating propellers MB 509 Development as a tank engine for the super heavy Panzerkampfwagen Maus 1 All power data is given in metric horsepower as stated per manufacturer Power max is Takeoff and Emergency power 5 min rating combat power is climb and combat power 30 min rating continuous is without time limit Applications editBlohm amp Voss BV 155 Blohm amp Voss BV 238 Dornier Do 217 Dornier Do 335 Fiat G 56 two prototypes flown Focke Wulf Fw 190C experimental installation Focke Wulf Ta 152C the medium altitude ground attack variant of the Ta 152 Heinkel He 177B prototype aircraft series Heinkel He 219 Heinkel He 274 Henschel Hs 130 two DB 603s supercharged by a single DB 605T engine driving HZ Anlage supercharger in fuselage Macchi MC 207 experimental installation not flown Messerschmitt Me 410 Reggiane Re 2006 experimental installation not flownLand vehicles edit Mercedes Benz T80 Panzerkampfwagen VIII MausSpecifications DB 603A editData from Jane s 2 General characteristics Type 12 cylinder liquid cooled supercharged inverted Vee aircraft piston engine Bore 162 mm 6 38 in Stroke 180 mm 7 09 in Displacement 44 52 L 2 716 9 in3 Length 2 610 5 mm 102 8 in Width 830 mm 32 7 in Height 1156 mm 45 5 in Dry weight 920 kg 2 030 lb Components Supercharger Gear driven centrifugal type supercharger Fuel system Direct fuel injection Cooling system pressurized water coolingPerformance Power output 1 287 kW 1 750 PS 1 726 hp for takeoff 1 111 kW 1 511 PS 1 490 hp maximum continuous Specific power 26 7 kW L 0 59 hp in3 Compression ratio 7 5 1 left cylinder bank 7 3 1 right cylinder bank Specific fuel consumption 0 288 kg kW h 0 474 lb hp h Power to weight ratio 1 29 kW kg 0 79 hp lb See also editRelated development Daimler Benz DB 600 Daimler Benz DB 601 Daimler Benz DB 605Comparable engines Allison V 1710 Continental IV 1430 Hispano Suiza 12Y Junkers Jumo 213 Klimov VK 107 Mikulin AM 38 Rolls Royce GriffonRelated lists List of aircraft engines List of aircraft engines of Germany during World War IIReferences editNotes edit Panzer VIII Maus Achtung Panzer Archived from the original on 16 March 2018 Retrieved 8 November 2011 Jane s 1989 p 290 Bibliography edit Bingham Victor 1998 Major Piston Aero Engines of World War II Shrewsbury UK Airlife Publishing ISBN 1 84037 012 2 Christopher John 2013 The Race for Hitler s X Planes Britain s 1945 Mission to Capture Secret Luftwaffe Technology Stroud UK History Press ISBN 978 0 7524 6457 2 Gunston Bill 2006 World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines From the Pioneers to the Present Day 5th ed Stroud UK Sutton ISBN 0 7509 4479 X Jane s Fighting Aircraft of World War II London Studio Editions Ltd 1989 ISBN 0 517 67964 7 Neil Gregor Daimler Benz in the Third Reich Yale University Press 1998External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Daimler Benz DB 603 Aviation History com DB 600 series page Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Daimler Benz DB 603 amp oldid 1172809093, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
