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Junkers Jumo 213

January 07, 2023

The Junkers Jumo 213 was a World War II-era V-12 liquid-cooled aircraft engine, a development of Junkers Motoren's earlier design, the Jumo 211. The design added two features, a pressurized cooling system that required considerably less cooling fluid which allowed the engine to be built smaller and lighter, and a number of improvements that allowed it to run at higher RPM. These changes boosted power by over 500 hp and made the 213 one of the most sought-after Axis engine designs in the late-war era.

Jumo 213
Junkers Jumo 213
Type Piston inverted V-12 aero-engine
Manufacturer Junkers
First run 1940
Major applications Focke-Wulf Fw 190D
Focke-Wulf Ta 152
Junkers Ju 188
Number built 9,000
Developed from Jumo 211

Design and development

When the Jumo 211 entered production in the late 1930s it used an unpressurized liquid cooling system based on an "open cycle". Water was pumped through the engine to keep it cool, but the system operated at atmospheric pressure, or only slightly higher. Since the boiling point of water decreases with altitude (pressure) this meant that the temperature of the cooling water had to be kept quite low to avoid boiling at high altitudes, which in turn meant that the water removed less heat from the engine before flowing into the radiator to cool it.

By contrast, the 1940 Daimler-Benz DB 601E used a pressurized coolant system that ran at the same pressure regardless of altitude, raising the boiling point to about 110 °C. This allowed it to use considerably less water for the same cooling effect, which remained the same at all altitudes. Although otherwise similar to the Jumo 210 in most respects, the 601 was smaller and lighter than the 211, and could be run at higher power settings at higher altitudes, making it popular in fighter designs. The 211 was relegated to "secondary" roles in bombers and transports.

The Junkers Motorenwerke firm was not happy with this state of affairs, and started its own efforts to produce a pressurized cooling system as early as 1938. Experiments on the 211 proved so successful that it became clear that not only could the engine be built smaller and lighter (by reducing the water requirement),[1] but could be run at higher power settings without overheating. Additional changes to strengthen the crankshaft and add a fully shrouded supercharger for increased boost resulted in the Jumo 211F model, which delivered 1,340 PS (1,322 hp, 986 kW) at 2,600 RPM, up from 1000 PS at 2,200 RPM in the first version 211A.

 
Jumo 213 fuel injector system components in the Technikmuseum Speyer

But this was only the beginning. After redesigning the engine block to a smaller external size to suit the increased cooling power – while keeping the same 150 mm x 165 mm bore/stroke figures, maintaining the 35 litre displacement of the Jumo 211 series – and then further increasing boost settings on the supercharger, the resulting 213A model was able to deliver 1,750 PS (metric hp) at 3,250 RPM. This made it considerably more powerful than the corresponding DB 601E which provided 1,350 PS, and about the same power as the much larger DB 603 of 44.52 litre displacement. Junkers decided to go after the 603's market, and placed the 213's mounting points and fluid connections in the same locations as the 603, allowing it to be "dropped in" as a replacement, with the exception of the Jumo's standard starboard-side supercharger intake (Daimler-Benz inverted V12 engines always had the supercharger intakes on the port side).

The 213A (the main production series, with single-stage two-speed supercharging)[2] first ran in 1940, but experienced lengthy delays before finally being declared "production quality" in 1943. Production was extremely slow to ramp up, in order to avoid delays in the existing Jumo 211 production. By the time the engines were available in any sort of number in 1944, Allied bombing repeatedly destroyed the production lines. Production of the A model was limited to about 400–500 a month for most of 1944/45.

A range of advanced versions were also developed during the lengthy teething period. The 213B was designed to run on 100 octane "C3" fuel, allowing the boost pressure to be increased and the take-off power improved to 2,000 PS. The 213C was essentially an A model with re-arranged secondary equipment (supercharger, oil pump, etc.) to allow a Motorkanone cannon to fire through the propeller shaft. The 213D added a new three-speed supercharger for smoother power curves and improved altitude performance, but it was not produced.

 
Junkers Jumo 213E-1 at Flugmuseum Aviaticum in Wiener Neustadt, Austria

The next major production versions were the 213E and the similar 213F. These engines were equipped with a new two-speed, two-stage supercharger that dramatically improved altitude performance. The only difference between the two models was that the E included an intercooler[2] for additional high-altitude performance, while the F model lacked this and was optimized for slightly lower altitudes. The E and F models were in high demand for many late-war aircraft, including the Junkers Ju 188, Junkers Ju 388, the Langnasen-Dora models of the Focke-Wulf Fw 190D and the Focke-Wulf Ta 152H. All of these aircraft used annular radiators characteristic of the earlier Jumo 211 engine installations on twin-engined aircraft, often standardized as Kraftei (power-egg), completely unitized power plant "modules" for any twin or multi-engined aircraft, much as the Jumo 211 had evolved for earlier aircraft designs – but with the annular radiators noticeably reconfigured for better cooling of the more powerful Jumo 213 engine.

A further substantial upgrade was projected as the 213J, which replaced the earlier model's three valves with a new four-valve-per-cylinder design for increased volumetric efficiency. It was also to have had a two-stage three-speed supercharger, producing 2,350 hp (1,750 kW; 2,380 PS) at 3700 rpm for take-off. It would have weighed 1,055 kg (2,326 lb).[2] There was no time to work this change into the production line before the war ended. Other experimental models included the 213S for low-altitude use, and the turbocharged 213T.

Further development of the Jumo 213 was carried out at Arsenal de l'Aéronautique in France after the Second World War.

Variants

 
A Jumo 213-powered Ju 188, with reconfigured annular radiators
213A
First version, 1,750 PS (2,100 PS with MW50 boost) take-off power, major production version.
213B
Project, a 213A with C3 fuel (100 octane) and up to 2,000 PS take-off power.
213C
As 213A but equipped for mounting of a cannon firing through the propeller axis (Motorkanone), limited production.
213D
213C with a new three-speed supercharger, did not enter production.
213E
High altitude version of 213A, equipped with a three-speed two-stage intercooled supercharger and delivering 1,750 PS take-off power (2,050 PS with MW 50 boost).
213F
Similar to the 213E, but without the intercooler.
213J
Project, redesigned with four valves per-cylinder and a two-stage three-speed supercharger, delivering 2,380 PS at takeoff.
J13T
Proposed turbocharged variant.
Arsenal 12H
Post-war development of the Junkers Jumo 213 which had been in production for the Germans at the Arsenal de l'Aéronautique factories.
Arsenal 12H-Tandem
2x 12H engines in tandem driving co-axial propellers.
Arsenal 12K
Further development of the 12H.
Arsenal 24H
A 24-cylinder H-24 engine utilizing 12H cylinder blocks, crankshafts and pistons mounted on a new crankcase driving a single propeller.[3] Rated at 3,600 hp (2,700 kW) take-off power and 3,000 hp (2,200 kW) at rated height.[4]
Arsenal 24H-Tandem
2x 24H engines in tandem driving co-axial propellers.[3] Example exhibited at 1946 Paris Air Show had take-off power of 7,200 hp (5,400 kW). Proposed for Sud-Est SE.1200 trans-Atlantic flying boat project, which would have used four 24H Tandem installations, each rated at 8,000 hp (6,000 kW).[5]
SFECMAS 12H
The Arsenal 12H after SFECMAS absorbed Arsenal.
SFECMAS 12K
The Arsenal 12K after SFECMAS absorbed Arsenal.

Applications

Specifications (Jumo 213E)

General characteristics

  • Type: 12-cylinder supercharged liquid-cooled inverted Vee piston aircraft engine
  • Bore: 150 mm (5.906 in)
  • Stroke: 165 mm (6.496 in)
  • Displacement: 35 L (2,135.2 in³)
  • Length: 2,266 mm (89.2 in)
  • Width: 777 mm (30.6 in)
  • Height: 980 mm (38.6 in)
  • Dry weight: 1040 kg (2,072 lb)

Components

Performance

  • Power output:
  • 1,750 PS (1,726 hp, 1,287 kW) at 3,250 rpm for takeoff; rated altitude 9,600 m (31,500 ft)
  • 2,050 PS (2,022 hp, 1,508 kW) for takeoff with MW50 injection
  • Specific power: 50 PS/L (0.81 hp/in³, 36.8 kW/L)
  • Compression ratio: 6.5:1 (B4 fuel, 87 octane)
  • Power-to-weight ratio: 1.37 kW/kg (0.83 hp/lb)

See also

Comparable engines

Related lists

References

Notes

  1. ^ Christopher, p. 78
  2. ^ a b c Christopher, p. 79
  3. ^ a b Pearce, William (2016-02-26). "Arsenal 24H and 24H Tandem Aircraft Engines". oldmachinepress.com. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
  4. ^ Bridgman 1948, p. 48d
  5. ^ Bridgman 1948, pp. 47d–48d

Bibliography

  • Bingham, Victor (1998). Major Piston Aero Engines of World War II. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing. ISBN 1-84037-012-2.
  • Bridgman, Leonard (1948). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1948. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Ltd.
  • Christopher, John (2013). The Race for Hitler's X-Planes: Britain's 1945 Mission to Capture Secret Luftwaffe Technology. Stroud, UK: History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-6457-2.
  • Gunston, Bill (2006). World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines: From the Pioneers to the Present Day (5th ed.). Stroud, UK: Sutton. ISBN 0-7509-4479-X.
  • Kay, Antony (2004). Junkers Aircraft & Engines 1913–1945. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books. ISBN 0-85177-985-9.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Junkers Jumo 213.
  • Jumo 213-powered Fw 190D engine startup video

January 07, 2023
junkers, jumo, world, liquid, cooled, aircraft, engine, development, junkers, motoren, earlier, design, jumo, design, added, features, pressurized, cooling, system, that, required, considerably, less, cooling, fluid, which, allowed, engine, built, smaller, lig. The Junkers Jumo 213 was a World War II era V 12 liquid cooled aircraft engine a development of Junkers Motoren s earlier design the Jumo 211 The design added two features a pressurized cooling system that required considerably less cooling fluid which allowed the engine to be built smaller and lighter and a number of improvements that allowed it to run at higher RPM These changes boosted power by over 500 hp and made the 213 one of the most sought after Axis engine designs in the late war era Jumo 213Junkers Jumo 213Type Piston inverted V 12 aero engineManufacturer JunkersFirst run 1940Major applications Focke Wulf Fw 190D Focke Wulf Ta 152 Junkers Ju 188Number built 9 000Developed from Jumo 211 Contents 1 Design and development 2 Variants 3 Applications 4 Specifications Jumo 213E 4 1 General characteristics 4 2 Components 4 3 Performance 5 See also 6 References 6 1 Notes 7 Bibliography 8 External linksDesign and development EditWhen the Jumo 211 entered production in the late 1930s it used an unpressurized liquid cooling system based on an open cycle Water was pumped through the engine to keep it cool but the system operated at atmospheric pressure or only slightly higher Since the boiling point of water decreases with altitude pressure this meant that the temperature of the cooling water had to be kept quite low to avoid boiling at high altitudes which in turn meant that the water removed less heat from the engine before flowing into the radiator to cool it By contrast the 1940 Daimler Benz DB 601E used a pressurized coolant system that ran at the same pressure regardless of altitude raising the boiling point to about 110 C This allowed it to use considerably less water for the same cooling effect which remained the same at all altitudes Although otherwise similar to the Jumo 210 in most respects the 601 was smaller and lighter than the 211 and could be run at higher power settings at higher altitudes making it popular in fighter designs The 211 was relegated to secondary roles in bombers and transports The Junkers Motorenwerke firm was not happy with this state of affairs and started its own efforts to produce a pressurized cooling system as early as 1938 Experiments on the 211 proved so successful that it became clear that not only could the engine be built smaller and lighter by reducing the water requirement 1 but could be run at higher power settings without overheating Additional changes to strengthen the crankshaft and add a fully shrouded supercharger for increased boost resulted in the Jumo 211F model which delivered 1 340 PS 1 322 hp 986 kW at 2 600 RPM up from 1000 PS at 2 200 RPM in the first version 211A Jumo 213 fuel injector system components in the Technikmuseum Speyer But this was only the beginning After redesigning the engine block to a smaller external size to suit the increased cooling power while keeping the same 150 mm x 165 mm bore stroke figures maintaining the 35 litre displacement of the Jumo 211 series and then further increasing boost settings on the supercharger the resulting 213A model was able to deliver 1 750 PS metric hp at 3 250 RPM This made it considerably more powerful than the corresponding DB 601E which provided 1 350 PS and about the same power as the much larger DB 603 of 44 52 litre displacement Junkers decided to go after the 603 s market and placed the 213 s mounting points and fluid connections in the same locations as the 603 allowing it to be dropped in as a replacement with the exception of the Jumo s standard starboard side supercharger intake Daimler Benz inverted V12 engines always had the supercharger intakes on the port side The 213A the main production series with single stage two speed supercharging 2 first ran in 1940 but experienced lengthy delays before finally being declared production quality in 1943 Production was extremely slow to ramp up in order to avoid delays in the existing Jumo 211 production By the time the engines were available in any sort of number in 1944 Allied bombing repeatedly destroyed the production lines Production of the A model was limited to about 400 500 a month for most of 1944 45 A range of advanced versions were also developed during the lengthy teething period The 213B was designed to run on 100 octane C3 fuel allowing the boost pressure to be increased and the take off power improved to 2 000 PS The 213C was essentially an A model with re arranged secondary equipment supercharger oil pump etc to allow a Motorkanone cannon to fire through the propeller shaft The 213D added a new three speed supercharger for smoother power curves and improved altitude performance but it was not produced Junkers Jumo 213E 1 at Flugmuseum Aviaticum in Wiener Neustadt Austria The next major production versions were the 213E and the similar 213F These engines were equipped with a new two speed two stage supercharger that dramatically improved altitude performance The only difference between the two models was that the E included an intercooler 2 for additional high altitude performance while the F model lacked this and was optimized for slightly lower altitudes The E and F models were in high demand for many late war aircraft including the Junkers Ju 188 Junkers Ju 388 the Langnasen Dora models of the Focke Wulf Fw 190D and the Focke Wulf Ta 152H All of these aircraft used annular radiators characteristic of the earlier Jumo 211 engine installations on twin engined aircraft often standardized as Kraftei power egg completely unitized power plant modules for any twin or multi engined aircraft much as the Jumo 211 had evolved for earlier aircraft designs but with the annular radiators noticeably reconfigured for better cooling of the more powerful Jumo 213 engine A further substantial upgrade was projected as the 213J which replaced the earlier model s three valves with a new four valve per cylinder design for increased volumetric efficiency It was also to have had a two stage three speed supercharger producing 2 350 hp 1 750 kW 2 380 PS at 3700 rpm for take off It would have weighed 1 055 kg 2 326 lb 2 There was no time to work this change into the production line before the war ended Other experimental models included the 213S for low altitude use and the turbocharged 213T Further development of the Jumo 213 was carried out at Arsenal de l Aeronautique in France after the Second World War Variants Edit A Jumo 213 powered Ju 188 with reconfigured annular radiators 213A First version 1 750 PS 2 100 PS with MW50 boost take off power major production version 213B Project a 213A with C3 fuel 100 octane and up to 2 000 PS take off power 213C As 213A but equipped for mounting of a cannon firing through the propeller axis Motorkanone limited production 213D 213C with a new three speed supercharger did not enter production 213E High altitude version of 213A equipped with a three speed two stage intercooled supercharger and delivering 1 750 PS take off power 2 050 PS with MW 50 boost 213F Similar to the 213E but without the intercooler 213J Project redesigned with four valves per cylinder and a two stage three speed supercharger delivering 2 380 PS at takeoff J13T Proposed turbocharged variant Arsenal 12H Post war development of the Junkers Jumo 213 which had been in production for the Germans at the Arsenal de l Aeronautique factories Arsenal 12H Tandem 2x 12H engines in tandem driving co axial propellers Arsenal 12K Further development of the 12H Arsenal 24H A 24 cylinder H 24 engine utilizing 12H cylinder blocks crankshafts and pistons mounted on a new crankcase driving a single propeller 3 Rated at 3 600 hp 2 700 kW take off power and 3 000 hp 2 200 kW at rated height 4 Arsenal 24H Tandem 2x 24H engines in tandem driving co axial propellers 3 Example exhibited at 1946 Paris Air Show had take off power of 7 200 hp 5 400 kW Proposed for Sud Est SE 1200 trans Atlantic flying boat project which would have used four 24H Tandem installations each rated at 8 000 hp 6 000 kW 5 SFECMAS 12H The Arsenal 12H after SFECMAS absorbed Arsenal SFECMAS 12K The Arsenal 12K after SFECMAS absorbed Arsenal Applications EditHeinkel He 111H 22 Junkers Ju 88 Junkers Ju 188 Junkers Ju 388 Focke Wulf Fw 190D Focke Wulf Ta 152 Focke Wulf Ta 154 Messerschmitt Me 209 II Nord Noroit SNCASO SO 8000 NarvalSpecifications Jumo 213E EditGeneral characteristics Type 12 cylinder supercharged liquid cooled inverted Vee piston aircraft engine Bore 150 mm 5 906 in Stroke 165 mm 6 496 in Displacement 35 L 2 135 2 in Length 2 266 mm 89 2 in Width 777 mm 30 6 in Height 980 mm 38 6 in Dry weight 1040 kg 2 072 lb Components Valvetrain Three valves per cylinder Supercharger Two stage three speed centrifugal type supercharger with MW50 injection into the intake and an aftercooler Cooling system Pressurized water up to 120 C 248 F Performance Power output 1 750 PS 1 726 hp 1 287 kW at 3 250 rpm for takeoff rated altitude 9 600 m 31 500 ft 2 050 PS 2 022 hp 1 508 kW for takeoff with MW50 injection Specific power 50 PS L 0 81 hp in 36 8 kW L Compression ratio 6 5 1 B4 fuel 87 octane Power to weight ratio 1 37 kW kg 0 83 hp lb See also EditComparable engines Allison V 1710 Daimler Benz DB 603 Daimler Benz DB 605 Klimov VK 107 Mikulin AM 35 Rolls Royce GriffonRelated lists List of aircraft enginesReferences EditNotes Edit Christopher p 78 a b c Christopher p 79 a b Pearce William 2016 02 26 Arsenal 24H and 24H Tandem Aircraft Engines oldmachinepress com Retrieved 8 May 2016 Bridgman 1948 p 48d Bridgman 1948 pp 47d 48dBibliography EditBingham Victor 1998 Major Piston Aero Engines of World War II Shrewsbury UK Airlife Publishing ISBN 1 84037 012 2 Bridgman Leonard 1948 Jane s All the World s Aircraft 1948 London Sampson Low Marston amp Company Ltd Christopher John 2013 The Race for Hitler s X Planes Britain s 1945 Mission to Capture Secret Luftwaffe Technology Stroud UK History Press ISBN 978 0 7524 6457 2 Gunston Bill 2006 World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines From the Pioneers to the Present Day 5th ed Stroud UK Sutton ISBN 0 7509 4479 X Kay Antony 2004 Junkers Aircraft amp Engines 1913 1945 London Putnam Aeronautical Books ISBN 0 85177 985 9 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Junkers Jumo 213 Jumo 213 powered Fw 190D engine startup video Enginehistory org s Junkers Jumo 213 page Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Junkers Jumo 213 amp oldid 1121728035, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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