The Cynipoidea are a moderate-sized hymenopteran superfamily that presently includes seven extant families and three extinct families, though others have been recognized in the past. The most familiar members of the group are phytophagous, especially as gall-formers, though the actual majority of included species are parasitoids or hyperparasitoids. They are typically glossy, dark, smooth wasps with somewhat compressed bodies and somewhat reduced wing venation. It is common for various metasomal segments to be fused in various ways (often diagnostic for families or subfamilies), and the petiole is very short, when present.
With the exception of the Cynipidae (the gall wasps), it is a poorly known group as a whole, though there are nearly 3000 known species in total, and a great many species are still undescribed, mostly in the Figitidae.[1] Each of the constituent families differs in biology, though life histories of one of the families (Liopteridae) are still largely unknown. In July 2020, an identification key for the superfamily was published in the journal Insect Systematics and Diversity, enabling identification to the family level. [2] Several groups formerly included in Cynipidae were elevated to family status in 2023.[3]
Referencesedit
^Mertz, Leslie. "Is That a Gall Wasp? Now You Can Find Out". Entomology Today. Entomological Society of America. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
^Matthew L Buffington; Mattias Forshage; Johan Liljeblad; Chang-Ti Tang; Simon van Noort (1 July 2020). "World Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera): A Key to Higher-Level Groups". Insect Systematics and Diversity. 4 (4). doi:10.1093/ISD/IXAA003. ISSN 2399-3421. Wikidata Q119582746.
^Jack Hearn; Erik Gobbo; José Luis Nieves-Aldrey; et al. (3 October 2023). "Phylogenomic analysis of protein-coding genes resolves complex gall wasp relationships". Systematic Entomology. doi:10.1111/SYEN.12611. ISSN 0307-6970. Wikidata Q123440111.
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cynipoidea, moderate, sized, hymenopteran, superfamily, that, presently, includes, seven, extant, families, three, extinct, families, though, others, have, been, recognized, past, most, familiar, members, group, phytophagous, especially, gall, formers, though,. The Cynipoidea are a moderate sized hymenopteran superfamily that presently includes seven extant families and three extinct families though others have been recognized in the past The most familiar members of the group are phytophagous especially as gall formers though the actual majority of included species are parasitoids or hyperparasitoids They are typically glossy dark smooth wasps with somewhat compressed bodies and somewhat reduced wing venation It is common for various metasomal segments to be fused in various ways often diagnostic for families or subfamilies and the petiole is very short when present CynipoideaTemporal range Cretaceous Present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg NCynips quercusfoliiScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ArthropodaClass InsectaOrder HymenopteraInfraorder ProctotrupomorphaSuperfamily CynipoideaFamiliesAustrocynipidae Riek 1971Ibaliidae Thomson 1862 Protimaspidae Liu amp Engel 2007 Stolamissidae Liu amp Engel 2007Liopteridae Ashmead 1895 Gerocynipidae Liu amp Engel 2007Figitidae Thomson 1962Cynipidae Latreille 1802Paraulacidae Nieves Aldrey amp Liljeblad 2009Diplolepididae Latreille 1802With the exception of the Cynipidae the gall wasps it is a poorly known group as a whole though there are nearly 3000 known species in total and a great many species are still undescribed mostly in the Figitidae 1 Each of the constituent families differs in biology though life histories of one of the families Liopteridae are still largely unknown In July 2020 an identification key for the superfamily was published in the journal Insect Systematics and Diversity enabling identification to the family level 2 Several groups formerly included in Cynipidae were elevated to family status in 2023 3 References edit Mertz Leslie Is That a Gall Wasp Now You Can Find Out Entomology Today Entomological Society of America Retrieved 7 July 2020 Matthew L Buffington Mattias Forshage Johan Liljeblad Chang Ti Tang Simon van Noort 1 July 2020 World Cynipoidea Hymenoptera A Key to Higher Level Groups Insect Systematics and Diversity 4 4 doi 10 1093 ISD IXAA003 ISSN 2399 3421 Wikidata Q119582746 Jack Hearn Erik Gobbo Jose Luis Nieves Aldrey et al 3 October 2023 Phylogenomic analysis of protein coding genes resolves complex gall wasp relationships Systematic Entomology doi 10 1111 SYEN 12611 ISSN 0307 6970 Wikidata Q123440111 nbsp This Apocrita related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cynipoidea amp oldid 1187025237, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
