Cryptoclidus was a plesiosaur whose specimens include adult and juvenile skeletons, and remains which have been found in various degrees of preservation in England, Northern France, Russia, and South America. Its name, meaning "hidden clavicles", refer to its small, practically invisible clavicles buried in its front limb girdle.
The type species was initially described as Plesiosaurus eurymerus by Phillips (1871). The specific name "wide femur" refers to the forelimb, which was mistaken for a hindlimb at the time. Fossils of Cryptoclidus have been found in the Oxford Clay of Cambridgeshire, England. The dubious species Cryptoclidus beaugrandi is known from Kimmeridgian-age deposits in Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.[3]Cryptoclidus vignalensis, which is now considered undiagnostic,[4] hails from the Jagua Formation of western Cuba.[5]
Cryptoclidus was a medium-sized plesiosaur, with the largest individuals measuring up to 4 m (13 ft) long and weighing about 737–756 kg (1,625–1,667 lb).[1][8] The fragile build of the head and teeth preclude any grappling with prey, and suggest a diet of small, soft-bodied animals such as squid and shoaling fish. Cryptoclidus may have used its long, intermeshing teeth to strain small prey from the water, or perhaps sift through sediment for buried animals.[9]
The size and shape of the nares and nasal openings have led Brown and Cruickshank (1994) to argue that they were used to sample seawater for smells and chemical traces.[10]
Classificationedit
Life restoration of C. oxoniensis, currently considered a dubious species synonymous with C. eurymerus[1]
The cladogram below follows the topology from Benson et al. (2012) analysis.[11]
^ abcBrown, D. S. (1981). "The English Upper Jurassic Plesiosauridea (Reptilia) and a review of the phylogeny and classification of the Plesiosauria". Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History. 35 (4): 253–347.
^Brown, David S., and Arthur RI Cruickshank. The skull of the Callovian plesiosaur Cryptoclidus eurymerus, and the sauropterygian cheek. 2014-03-24 at the Wayback MachinePalaeontology 37.4 (1994): 941.
^Iturralde-Vinent, M.; Norell, M.A. (1996). "Synopsis of Late Jurassic Marine Reptiles from Cuba" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (3164): 1–17. S2CID 56459152.
^De la Torre, R., and A. A. Cuervo. (1939). Dos nuevas especies de ichthyosaurios del Jurisico de Vinales. Universidad de La Habana, Depto. Geol. y Paleont. pp. 1-9.
^Shmakov A. S. (2016). О находке остатков плезиозавра (Reptilia, Plesiosauria) в келловее Никитино (Спасский район, Рязанская область) [On a plesiosaur (Reptilia, Plesiosauria) finding in Callovian of Nikitino (Spassky District, Ryazan Oblast)](PDF) (in Russian). М.: ПИН РАН. p. 86. (PDF) from the original on 3 November 2023.
^Zverkov N. G., Shmakov A. S., Arkhangelsky M. S. (2017). Jurassic marine reptiles of Moscow and surroundings (in "Jurassic deposits and fauna of the southern part of the Moscow Syneclyse")(PDF) (in Russian). GEOS. p. 230-263. ISBN978-5-89118-754-2. ISSN 0002-3272. (PDF) from the original on 14 March 2022.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Motani, R. (2002). "Swimming speed estimation of extinct marine reptiles: energetic approach revisited". Paleobiology. 28 (2): 251–262. doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2002)028<0251:sseoem>2.0.co;2. S2CID 56387158.
^Palmer, D., ed. (1999). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. p. 75. ISBN1-84028-152-9.
^Benson, R. B. J.; Evans, M.; Druckenmiller, P. S. (2012). Lalueza-Fox, Carles (ed.). "High Diversity, Low Disparity and Small Body Size in Plesiosaurs (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) from the Triassic–Jurassic Boundary". PLOS ONE. 7 (3): e31838. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...731838B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031838. PMC3306369. PMID 22438869.
Further readingedit
Z. Gasparini and L. Spaletti. 1993. First Callovian plesiosaurs from the Neuquen Basin, Argentina. Ameghiniana 30(3):245-254
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cryptoclidus.
Wikispecies has information related to Cryptoclidus.
January 01, 1970
cryptoclidus, krip, dəs, genus, plesiosaur, reptile, from, middle, jurassic, period, england, france, cuba, temporal, range, middle, jurassic, late, jurassic, callovian, oxfordian, preꞒ, cast, fossil, skeleton, university, tübingen, scientific, classification,. Cryptoclidus k r ɪ p t oʊ ˈ k l aɪ d e s krip toh KLY des is a genus of plesiosaur reptile from the Middle Jurassic period of England France and Cuba 2 CryptoclidusTemporal range Middle Jurassic to Late Jurassic Callovian to Oxfordian 166 160 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Cast of a fossil skeleton University of Tubingen Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Reptilia Superorder Sauropterygia Order Plesiosauria Family Cryptoclididae Subfamily Cryptoclidinae Genus CryptoclidusSeeley 1892 Type species Cryptoclidus eurymerusPhillips 1871 Species 1 C eurymerus Phillips 1871 type C richardsoni Lydekker 1889 Synonyms Apractocleidus Smellie 1915 Contents 1 Discovery 2 Description 3 Classification 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksDiscovery edit nbsp Skeleton AMNH 995 Cryptoclidus was a plesiosaur whose specimens include adult and juvenile skeletons and remains which have been found in various degrees of preservation in England Northern France Russia and South America Its name meaning hidden clavicles refer to its small practically invisible clavicles buried in its front limb girdle The type species was initially described as Plesiosaurus eurymerus by Phillips 1871 The specific name wide femur refers to the forelimb which was mistaken for a hindlimb at the time Fossils of Cryptoclidus have been found in the Oxford Clay of Cambridgeshire England The dubious species Cryptoclidus beaugrandi is known from Kimmeridgian age deposits in Boulogne sur Mer France 3 Cryptoclidus vignalensis which is now considered undiagnostic 4 hails from the Jagua Formation of western Cuba 5 In 2016 there was a report about a fragmentary Cryptoclidus postcranial skeleton from the Callovian deposits of Nikitino village in Spassky District Ryazan Oblast Russia 6 but later Zverkov et al defined it as an intedermitate cryptoclidid 7 Description edit nbsp Life reconstruction of C eurymerus Cryptoclidus was a medium sized plesiosaur with the largest individuals measuring up to 4 m 13 ft long and weighing about 737 756 kg 1 625 1 667 lb 1 8 The fragile build of the head and teeth preclude any grappling with prey and suggest a diet of small soft bodied animals such as squid and shoaling fish Cryptoclidus may have used its long intermeshing teeth to strain small prey from the water or perhaps sift through sediment for buried animals 9 The size and shape of the nares and nasal openings have led Brown and Cruickshank 1994 to argue that they were used to sample seawater for smells and chemical traces 10 Classification edit nbsp Life restoration of C oxoniensis currently considered a dubious species synonymous with C eurymerus 1 The cladogram below follows the topology from Benson et al 2012 analysis 11 Pistosauria Pistosaurus postcranium Pistosaurus Yunguisaurus liae Augustasaurus hagdorni Plesiosauria Bobosaurus forojuliensis NHMUK 49202 now Anningasaura lymense Rhomaleosauridae Neoplesiosauria Pliosauridae Thalassiodracon hawkinsii Hauffiosaurus spp Attenborosaurus conybeari advanced pliosaurids Peloneustes Plesiosauroidea Eoplesiosaurus antiquior Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus Plesiopterys wildi Cryptoclidus eurymerus Microcleididae Eretmosaurus rugosus Westphaliasaurus simonsensii Seeleyosaurus guilelmiimperatoris Microcleidus tournemiensis Microcleidus brachypterygius Microcleidus homalospondylusSee also editList of plesiosaur genera Timeline of plesiosaur researchReferences edit a b c Brown D S 1981 The English Upper Jurassic Plesiosauridea Reptilia and a review of the phylogeny and classification of the Plesiosauria Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History 35 4 253 347 Brown David S and Arthur RI Cruickshank The skull of the Callovian plesiosaur Cryptoclidus eurymerus and the sauropterygian cheek Archived 2014 03 24 at the Wayback Machine Palaeontology 37 4 1994 941 Bologne sur Mer at Fossilworks org Iturralde Vinent M Norell M A 1996 Synopsis of Late Jurassic Marine Reptiles from Cuba PDF American Museum Novitates 3164 1 17 S2CID 56459152 De la Torre R and A A Cuervo 1939 Dos nuevas especies de ichthyosaurios del Jurisico de Vinales Universidad de La Habana Depto Geol y Paleont pp 1 9 Shmakov A S 2016 O nahodke ostatkov pleziozavra Reptilia Plesiosauria v kellovee Nikitino Spasskij rajon Ryazanskaya oblast On a plesiosaur Reptilia Plesiosauria finding in Callovian of Nikitino Spassky District Ryazan Oblast PDF in Russian M PIN RAN p 86 Archived PDF from the original on 3 November 2023 Zverkov N G Shmakov A S Arkhangelsky M S 2017 Jurassic marine reptiles of Moscow and surroundings in Jurassic deposits and fauna of the southern part of the Moscow Syneclyse PDF in Russian GEOS p 230 263 ISBN 978 5 89118 754 2 ISSN 0002 3272 Archived PDF from the original on 14 March 2022 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Motani R 2002 Swimming speed estimation of extinct marine reptiles energetic approach revisited Paleobiology 28 2 251 262 doi 10 1666 0094 8373 2002 028 lt 0251 sseoem gt 2 0 co 2 S2CID 56387158 Palmer D ed 1999 The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals London Marshall Editions p 75 ISBN 1 84028 152 9 Brown and Cruickshank 1994 Benson R B J Evans M Druckenmiller P S 2012 Lalueza Fox Carles ed High Diversity Low Disparity and Small Body Size in Plesiosaurs Reptilia Sauropterygia from the Triassic Jurassic Boundary PLOS ONE 7 3 e31838 Bibcode 2012PLoSO 731838B doi 10 1371 journal pone 0031838 PMC 3306369 PMID 22438869 Further reading editZ Gasparini and L Spaletti 1993 First Callovian plesiosaurs from the Neuquen Basin Argentina Ameghiniana 30 3 245 254External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cryptoclidus nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Cryptoclidus Paleos Vertebrates Cryptocleidoidea Plesiosaur names and Pronunciation guide Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cryptoclidus amp oldid 1219977707, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
