The Argentiniformes/ɑːrdʒənˈtɪnɪfɔːrmiːz/ is an order of marine ray-finned fish whose distinctness was recognized only fairly recently. In former times, they were included in the Osmeriformes (typical smelt and allies) as suborderArgentinoidei. That term refers only to the suborder of marine smelts and barreleyes in the classification used here, with the slickheads and allies being the Alepocephaloidei. These suborders were treated as superfamilies Argentinoidea and Alepocephaloidea, respectively, when the present group was still included in the Osmeriformes.
They contain six or seven families with almost 60 genera and at least 228 species. A common name for the group is marine smelts and allies, but this is rather misleading since the "freshwater" smelts of the Osmeridae also live predominantly in the ocean.[1][2][3]
The Argentiniformes are smallish silvery or dark and generally bathypelagic ocean fishes. Some Argentinoidei have an adipose fin, which is – unusually for Protacanthopterygii to which they belong – missing in the rest of the order. The dorsal fin is located in the second half of the body. Teeth are absent in almost all. Suborder Argentinoidei have a physoclistousgas bladder when present, or they lack it entirely. In suborder Alepocephaloidei the swim bladder is completely absent.[2]
The hypaxial muscle is unusually extended to forward at its upper end and attaches to the neurocranium below the spine, perhaps to snap the upper part of the skull down when catching prey. The primordial ligament attaches posteriorly on the upper surface of the coronoid process. The autopalatine is peculiarly expanded to above and below at its caudal end, and like in some Otocephala, the caudal part of the mesethmoid appears compressed when seen from above. As in many other teleosts, the autopterotic and dermopterotic bones are not fused together. The most distinctive characteristic, however, is the crumenal organ, also called epibranchial organ. This consists of the additional cartilage and gill rakers on the fifth ceratobranchial, which is found in other teleosts, too, but not as well-developed as in the present order.[2][3]
Systematicsedit
Opisthoproctus soleatus (Argentinoidea: Opisthoproctidae). This image is drawn from a specimen brought to the surface. In a live specimen the membrane over its head would form a transparent dome.
The treatment of the Argentiniformes as distinct order follows the discovery that they are by no means as closely related to the Osmeriformes as was long believed. In fact, they may actually be the most basal lineage of the living Protacanthopterygii. If this is so, it would probably require either inclusion of the supposed superorders "Cyclosquamata" and "Stenopterygii" in the Protacanthopterygii, or if the unranked clade name Euteleostei is used for this entire group restricting the Protacanthopterygii to the Osmeriformes and either Esociformes or Salmoniformes and establishing a monotypic superorder for the other of the two latter orders. Given the reluctance of modern zoologists to establish monotypic taxa if not absolutely necessary, the former treatment is probably preferable.[3]
The former classification of the Argentiniformes is:[1][2][3]
^ abcdDiogo, Rui (2008). "On the cephalic and pectoral girdle muscles of the deep sea fish Alepocephalus rostratus, with comments on the functional morphology and phylogenetic relationships of the Alepocephaloidei (Teleostei)". Animal Biology. 58: 23–40. doi:10.1163/157075608X303636.
^Miyata, Shinya; Isaji, Shinji; Kashiwagi, Kenji; Asai, Hidehiko (2024-04-04). "The first record of Lower Cretaceous otoliths from the Kimigahama Formation (Barremian) of the Choshi Group, Chiba Prefecture, Japan". Palaeontologia Electronica. 27 (1): 1–23. doi:10.26879/1318. ISSN 1094-8074.
^ abNear, Thomas J; Thacker, Christine E (18 April 2024). "Phylogenetic classification of living and fossil ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii)". Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 65. doi:10.3374/014.065.0101.
^Stringer, Gary; Schwarzhans, Werner (2021-09-01). "Upper Cretaceous teleostean otoliths from the Severn Formation (Maastrichtian) of Maryland, USA, with an unusual occurrence of Siluriformes and Beryciformes and the oldest Atlantic coast Gadiformes". Cretaceous Research. 125: 104867. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104867. ISSN 0195-6671.
^Schwarzhans, Werner W.; Jagt, John W. M. (2021-11-01). "Silicified otoliths from the Maastrichtian type area (Netherlands, Belgium) document early gadiform and perciform fishes during the Late Cretaceous, prior to the K/Pg boundary extinction event". Cretaceous Research. 127: 104921. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104921. ISSN 0195-6671.
^R. Betancur-Rodriguez, E. Wiley, N. Bailly, A. Acero, M. Miya, G. Lecointre, G. Ortí: Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes – Version 4 2017-07-11 at the Wayback Machine (2016)
January 01, 1970
argentiniformes, ɑːr, ɔːr, order, marine, finned, fish, whose, distinctness, recognized, only, fairly, recently, former, times, they, were, included, osmeriformes, typical, smelt, allies, suborder, argentinoidei, that, term, refers, only, suborder, marine, sme. The Argentiniformes ɑːr dʒ e n ˈ t ɪ n ɪ f ɔːr m iː z is an order of marine ray finned fish whose distinctness was recognized only fairly recently In former times they were included in the Osmeriformes typical smelt and allies as suborder Argentinoidei That term refers only to the suborder of marine smelts and barreleyes in the classification used here with the slickheads and allies being the Alepocephaloidei These suborders were treated as superfamilies Argentinoidea and Alepocephaloidea respectively when the present group was still included in the Osmeriformes ArgentiniformesTemporal range Barremian present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Argentina sphyraena Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Actinopterygii Superorder Osmeromorpha Order Argentiniformes Type species Argentina sphyraenaLinnaeus 1758 Families Surlykus Argentinidae Bathylagidae Microstomatidae Opisthoproctidae Synonyms Argentinoidei Argentinoidea Opisthoproctoidea They contain six or seven families with almost 60 genera and at least 228 species A common name for the group is marine smelts and allies but this is rather misleading since the freshwater smelts of the Osmeridae also live predominantly in the ocean 1 2 3 The earliest fossil argentiniform remains are otoliths of indeterminate argentinids from the Barremian Kimigahama Formation of Japan 4 Later otoliths are known of other indeterminate taxa and Argentina itself from the Late Cretaceous Maastrichtian of the United States and Germany 5 6 7 A fossil family that might belong in this order are the Pattersonellidae but more recent studies have found them to be basal euteleosts 2 5 Contents 1 Description and ecology 2 Systematics 3 See also 4 ReferencesDescription and ecology editThe Argentiniformes are smallish silvery or dark and generally bathypelagic ocean fishes Some Argentinoidei have an adipose fin which is unusually for Protacanthopterygii to which they belong missing in the rest of the order The dorsal fin is located in the second half of the body Teeth are absent in almost all Suborder Argentinoidei have a physoclistous gas bladder when present or they lack it entirely In suborder Alepocephaloidei the swim bladder is completely absent 2 The hypaxial muscle is unusually extended to forward at its upper end and attaches to the neurocranium below the spine perhaps to snap the upper part of the skull down when catching prey The primordial ligament attaches posteriorly on the upper surface of the coronoid process The autopalatine is peculiarly expanded to above and below at its caudal end and like in some Otocephala the caudal part of the mesethmoid appears compressed when seen from above As in many other teleosts the autopterotic and dermopterotic bones are not fused together The most distinctive characteristic however is the crumenal organ also called epibranchial organ This consists of the additional cartilage and gill rakers on the fifth ceratobranchial which is found in other teleosts too but not as well developed as in the present order 2 3 Systematics edit nbsp Opisthoproctus soleatus Argentinoidea Opisthoproctidae This image is drawn from a specimen brought to the surface In a live specimen the membrane over its head would form a transparent dome The treatment of the Argentiniformes as distinct order follows the discovery that they are by no means as closely related to the Osmeriformes as was long believed In fact they may actually be the most basal lineage of the living Protacanthopterygii If this is so it would probably require either inclusion of the supposed superorders Cyclosquamata and Stenopterygii in the Protacanthopterygii or if the unranked clade name Euteleostei is used for this entire group restricting the Protacanthopterygii to the Osmeriformes and either Esociformes or Salmoniformes and establishing a monotypic superorder for the other of the two latter orders Given the reluctance of modern zoologists to establish monotypic taxa if not absolutely necessary the former treatment is probably preferable 3 The former classification of the Argentiniformes is 1 2 3 Suborder Alepocephaloidei moved to the cohort Otocephala as Alepocephaliformes 8 Family Alepocephalidae typical slickheads includes Bathylaconidae Leptochilichthyidae Family Platytroctidae including Searsiidae Suborder Argentinoidei Genus Surlykus Early Eocene of Denmark Family Argentinidae herring smelts Family Bathylagidae deep sea smelts Family Microstomatidae pencil smelts Family Opisthoproctidae barreleyes See also editProtacanthopterygii OtocephalaReferences edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Argentiniformes nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Argentinoidei a b FishBase 2006 Order Osmeriformes Version of 2006 OCT 09 Retrieved 2009 SEP 28 pp 190 194 a b c d e Nelson Joseph S 2006 Fishes of the World 4th ed John Wiley amp Sons ISBN 978 0 471 25031 9 a b c d Diogo Rui 2008 On the cephalic and pectoral girdle muscles of the deep sea fish Alepocephalus rostratus with comments on the functional morphology and phylogenetic relationships of the Alepocephaloidei Teleostei Animal Biology 58 23 40 doi 10 1163 157075608X303636 Miyata Shinya Isaji Shinji Kashiwagi Kenji Asai Hidehiko 2024 04 04 The first record of Lower Cretaceous otoliths from the Kimigahama Formation Barremian of the Choshi Group Chiba Prefecture Japan Palaeontologia Electronica 27 1 1 23 doi 10 26879 1318 ISSN 1094 8074 a b Near Thomas J Thacker Christine E 18 April 2024 Phylogenetic classification of living and fossil ray finned fishes Actinopterygii Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 65 doi 10 3374 014 065 0101 Stringer Gary Schwarzhans Werner 2021 09 01 Upper Cretaceous teleostean otoliths from the Severn Formation Maastrichtian of Maryland USA with an unusual occurrence of Siluriformes and Beryciformes and the oldest Atlantic coast Gadiformes Cretaceous Research 125 104867 doi 10 1016 j cretres 2021 104867 ISSN 0195 6671 Schwarzhans Werner W Jagt John W M 2021 11 01 Silicified otoliths from the Maastrichtian type area Netherlands Belgium document early gadiform and perciform fishes during the Late Cretaceous prior to the K Pg boundary extinction event Cretaceous Research 127 104921 doi 10 1016 j cretres 2021 104921 ISSN 0195 6671 R Betancur Rodriguez E Wiley N Bailly A Acero M Miya G Lecointre G Orti Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes Version 4 Archived 2017 07 11 at the Wayback Machine 2016 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Argentiniformes amp oldid 1221601133, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
