fbpx
Wikipedia

Sciaenidae

April 12, 2024

Sciaenidae is a family of ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Acanthuriformes.[2] They are commonly called drums or croakers[2][3] in reference to the repetitive throbbing or drumming sounds they make.[4] The family consists of about 293[3] to 298 species[5] in about 66[3] or 67 genera.[2]

Sciaenidae
Atlantic croaker, Micropogonias undulatus
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Acanthuriformes
Suborder: Sciaenoidei
Family: Sciaenidae
Cuvier, 1829[1]
Genera

About 66–70, see text

Taxonomy edit

Sciaenidae was first proposed as a family in 1829 by the French zoologist Georges Cuvier.[1] The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies the family in the suborder Sciaenoidei, alongside the rover family Emmelichthyidae, in the order Acanthuriformes.[2] Other authorities classify the Sciaenidae and the Emmelichthyidae as incertae sedis within the series Eupercaria.[6] The Catalog of Fishes retains this family within the Acanthuriformes but does not recognise the suborder Sciaenoidei.[7]

The 5th edition of Fishes of the World, Fishbase and Catalog of Fishes do not recognise subfamilies within the Sciaenidae[2][3][7] but many workers on these fishes do recognise subfamilies and tribes within the family. For example, in 1989 Kunio Sasaki erected a number of subfamilies and tribes.[8]

Genera edit

The following genera are classified within the family Sciaenidae:[5]

 
Juvenile spotted drumfish, Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles
 
Adult and juvenile spotted drumfish, St. Kitts

Etymology edit

Sciaenidae takes its name from its type genus Sciaena which is derived from the Greek skiaina, which was used to refer to marine perch-like fishes.[11]

Characteristics edit

A sciaenid has a long dorsal fin reaching nearly to the tail, and a notch between the rays and spines of the dorsal, although the two parts are actually separate.[12] Drums are somberly coloured, usually in shades of brown, with a lateral line on each side that extends to the tip of the caudal fin. The anal fin usually has two spines, while the dorsal fins are deeply notched or separate. Most species have a rounded or pointed caudal fin. The mouth is set low and is usually inferior. Their croaking mechanism involves the beating of abdominal muscles against the swim bladder.[12]

Sciaenids are found worldwide, in both fresh and salt water, and are typically benthic carnivores, feeding on invertebrates and smaller fish. They are small to medium-sized, bottom-dwelling fishes living primarily in estuaries, bays, and muddy river banks. Most of these fish types avoid clear waters, such as coral reefs and oceanic islands, with a few notable exceptions (e.g. reef croaker, high-hat, and spotted drum). They live in warm-temperate and tropical waters and are best represented in major rivers in Southeast Asia, northeast South America, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Gulf of California.[12]

In the United States most fishers consider freshwater drum to be rough fish not suitable for eating, similar to carp, gar, and buffalo fish, although there are a number of people that enjoy fishing for these species and eating them, despite their limitations.[13]

Fisheries edit

 
An 1865 watercolor painting of Brazilian croaker by Jacques Burkhardt.

They are excellent food and sport fish, and are commonly caught by surf and pier fishers. Some are important commercial fishery species, notably small yellow croaker with reported landings of 218,000–407,000 tonnes in 2000–2009; according to FAO fishery statistics, it was the 25th most important fishery species worldwide.[14] However, a large proportion of the catch is not reported at species level; in the FAO fishery statistics, the category "Croakers, drums, not elsewhere included", is the largest one within sciaenids, with annual landings of 431,000–780,000 tonnes in 2000–2009, most of which were reported from the western Indian Ocean (FAO fishing area 51) and northwest Pacific (FAO fishing area 61).[14] The future of croakers, like many other fish species in the United States and around the world is uncertain because overfishing continues to be a major threats. The population has decreased significantly which will affect their ability reproduce. In United States Croakers are managed by the federal and state governments to ensure that they're harvested sustainably. [15]

Croaking mechanism edit

A notable trait of sciaenids is the ability to produce a "croaking" sound. However, the pitch and use of croaking varies species to species. The croaking ability is a distinguishing characteristic of sciaenids.[4] The croaking mechanism is used by males as a mating call in some species.

To produce the croaking sound, special muscles vibrate against the swim bladder.[16] These muscles are called sonic muscle fibres, and run horizontally along the fish's body on both sides around the swim bladder, connected to a central tendon that surrounds the swim bladder ventrally. These sonic muscle fibres are repeatedly contracted against the swim bladder to produce the croaking sound that gives drum and croaker their common name, effectively using the swim bladder as a resonating chamber. The sciaenids' large swim bladder is more expansive and branched than other species, which aids in the croaking.[17] In some species the sonic muscle fibres are only present in males. These muscles strengthen during the mating season and are allowed to atrophy the rest of the time, deactivating the croaking mechanism.[16] In other species, most notably the Atlantic croaker, the croaking mechanism is present in both sexes and remains active year-round. These species are thought to use croaking for communication, such as announcing hazards and location when in turbid water.[16]

Croaking in communication edit

In some species, croaking is used for communication aside from attracting mates. For those species that have year-round croaking ability, the croaks may serve as a low-aggression warning during group feeding, as well as to communicate location in cloudy water. In those species that lack the ability to croak year-round, croaking is usually restricted to males for attracting mates. A disadvantage to the croaking ability is that it allows bottlenose dolphin to easily locate large groups of croaker and drum as they broadcast their position, indicating large amounts of food for the dolphins.[16]

Timeline of genera edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sciaenidae.
QuaternaryNeogenePaleogeneHolocenePleist.Plio.MioceneOligoceneEocenePaleoceneSpotfin croakerPennahiaGenyonemusSeriphus (fish)AplodinotusSciaenaMenticirrhusCynoscionBairdiellaSciaenopsUmbrinaPogoniasNebrisCtenosciaenaArgyrosomusLarimusQuaternaryNeogenePaleogeneHolocenePleist.Plio.MioceneOligoceneEocenePaleocene

References edit

  1. ^ a b Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 1–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.
  2. ^ a b c d e J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 497–502. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
  3. ^ a b c d Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2023). "Sciaenidae" in FishBase. February 2023 version.
  4. ^ a b Ramcharitar, John; Gannon, Damon; Popper, Arthur (May 16, 2006), "Bioacoustics of fishes of the family Sciaenidae", Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 135 (5): 1409–1431, doi:10.1577/T05-207.1
  5. ^ a b Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Sciaenidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  6. ^ Ricardo Betancur-R; Edward O. Wiley; Gloria Arratia; et al. (2017). "Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17 (162). doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3. PMC 5501477. PMID 28683774.
  7. ^ a b "Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes Classification". California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  8. ^ Kunio Sasaki (1989). "Phylogeny of the family Sciaenidae, with notes on its Zoogeography (Teleostei, Peciformes)" (PDF). Memoirs of the Faculty of Fishes Hokkaido University. 36 (1–2): 1–137.
  9. ^ Don L. Frizzell; John H. Dante (1965). "Otoliths of some early Cenozoic fishes of the Gulf Coast". Journal of Paleontology. 39 (4): 687–718.
  10. ^ Lo P-C; Liu S-H; Nor SAM; Chen W-J (2017). "Molecular exploration of hidden diversity in the Indo-West Pacific sciaenid clade". PLOS ONE. 12 (4): e0176623. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1276623L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0176623. PMC 5409148. PMID 28453569.
  11. ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (9 March 2023). "Series Eupercaria (Incertae sedis): Families Callanthidae, Centrogenyidae, Dinopercidae, Emmelichthyidae, Malacanthidae, Monodactylidae, Moronidae, Parascorpididae, Sciaenidae and Sillagidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  12. ^ a b c Johnson, G.D. & Gill, A.C. (1998). Paxton, J.R. & Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 182. ISBN 978-0-12-547665-2.
  13. ^ Dunn, Elizabeth Gunnison (20 March 2015). "Why These Overlooked Fish May Be the Tastiest (and Most Sustainable) - WSJ". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2017-07-02.
  14. ^ a b FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) (2011). (PDF). Rome: FAO. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-05-19.
  15. ^ "Global atlantic croaker production". husfarm.com.
  16. ^ a b c d Roach, John (November 7, 2005), , archived from the original on November 24, 2005, retrieved December 1, 2011
  17. ^ Collin, Shaun; N. Justin Marshall (2003). Sensory processing in aquatic environments. New York: Springer-Verlag New York. ISBN 978-0-387-95527-8.

Further reading edit

  • Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363: 1–560. Retrieved 2011-05-19.

April 12, 2024
sciaenidae, family, finned, fishes, belonging, order, acanthuriformes, they, commonly, called, drums, croakers, reference, repetitive, throbbing, drumming, sounds, they, make, family, consists, about, species, about, genera, atlantic, croaker, micropogonias, u. Sciaenidae is a family of ray finned fishes belonging to the order Acanthuriformes 2 They are commonly called drums or croakers 2 3 in reference to the repetitive throbbing or drumming sounds they make 4 The family consists of about 293 3 to 298 species 5 in about 66 3 or 67 genera 2 SciaenidaeAtlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatusScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass ActinopterygiiOrder AcanthuriformesSuborder SciaenoideiFamily SciaenidaeCuvier 1829 1 GeneraAbout 66 70 see text Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Genera 3 Etymology 4 Characteristics 5 Fisheries 6 Croaking mechanism 6 1 Croaking in communication 7 Timeline of genera 8 References 9 Further readingTaxonomy editSciaenidae was first proposed as a family in 1829 by the French zoologist Georges Cuvier 1 The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies the family in the suborder Sciaenoidei alongside the rover family Emmelichthyidae in the order Acanthuriformes 2 Other authorities classify the Sciaenidae and the Emmelichthyidae as incertae sedis within the series Eupercaria 6 The Catalog of Fishes retains this family within the Acanthuriformes but does not recognise the suborder Sciaenoidei 7 The 5th edition of Fishes of the World Fishbase and Catalog of Fishes do not recognise subfamilies within the Sciaenidae 2 3 7 but many workers on these fishes do recognise subfamilies and tribes within the family For example in 1989 Kunio Sasaki erected a number of subfamilies and tribes 8 Genera editThe following genera are classified within the family Sciaenidae 5 nbsp Juvenile spotted drumfish Bonaire Netherlands Antilles nbsp Adult and juvenile spotted drumfish St KittsAplodinotus Rafinesque 1819Argyrosomus De la Pylaie 1835Aspericorvina Fowler 1834Atractoscion Gill 1862Atrobucca Chu Lo amp Wu 1963Austronibea Trewavas 1977Bahaba Herre 1935Bairdiella Gill 1861Boesemania Trewavas 1977Cheilotrema Tschudi 1846Chrysochir Trevawas amp Yazdani 1966Cilus Delfin 1900Collichthys Gunther 1860Corvula Jordan amp Eigenmann 1889Ctenosciaena Fowler amp B A Bean 1923Cynoscion Gill 1861Daysciaena Talwar 1971Dendrophysa Trewavas 1964Elattarchus Jordan amp Evermann 1896Eques Bloch 1793Genyonemus Gill 1861Isopisthus Gill 1862 Jefitchia Frizzell amp Dante 1965 9 Johnius Bloch 1793Kathala Lal Mohan 1969Larimichthys Jordan amp Starks 1905Larimus Cuvier 1830Leiostomus Lacepede 1802Lonchurus Bloch 1793Macrodon Schinz 1822Macrospinosa Lal Mohan 1969Megalonibea Chu Lo amp Wu 1963Menticirrhus Gill 1861Micropogonias Bonaparte 1831Miichthys Lin 1938Miracorvina Trewavas 1962Nebris Cuvier 1830Nibea Jordan amp W F Thompson 1911Odontoscion Gill 1862Ophioscion Gill 1863Otolithes Oken 1817Otolithoides Fowler 1933Pachypops Gill 1861Pachyurus Agassiz 1831Panna Lal Mohan 1969Paralonchurus Bocourt 1869Paranebris Chao Bearez and Robertson 2001Paranibea Trewavas 1977Pareques Gill in Goode 1876Pennahia Fowler 1926Pentheroscion Trewavas 1962Petilipinnis Casatti 2002Plagioscion Gill 1861Pogonias Lacepede 1801Protonibea Trewavas 1971Protosciaena Sasaki 1989Pseudolarimichthys Lo Liu Mohd Nor amp Chen 2017 10 Pseudotolithus Bleeker 1863Pteroscion Fowler 1925Pterotolithus Fowler 1933Robaloscion Bearez amp Schwarzhans 2014Roncador Jordan amp Gilbert 1880Sciaena Linnaeus 1758Sciaenops Gill 1863Seriphus Ayres 1860Sonorolux Trewavas 1977Stellifer Oken 1817Totoaba Villamar 1980Umbrina Cuvier 1816Etymology editSciaenidae takes its name from its type genus Sciaena which is derived from the Greek skiaina which was used to refer to marine perch like fishes 11 Characteristics editA sciaenid has a long dorsal fin reaching nearly to the tail and a notch between the rays and spines of the dorsal although the two parts are actually separate 12 Drums are somberly coloured usually in shades of brown with a lateral line on each side that extends to the tip of the caudal fin The anal fin usually has two spines while the dorsal fins are deeply notched or separate Most species have a rounded or pointed caudal fin The mouth is set low and is usually inferior Their croaking mechanism involves the beating of abdominal muscles against the swim bladder 12 Sciaenids are found worldwide in both fresh and salt water and are typically benthic carnivores feeding on invertebrates and smaller fish They are small to medium sized bottom dwelling fishes living primarily in estuaries bays and muddy river banks Most of these fish types avoid clear waters such as coral reefs and oceanic islands with a few notable exceptions e g reef croaker high hat and spotted drum They live in warm temperate and tropical waters and are best represented in major rivers in Southeast Asia northeast South America the Gulf of Mexico and the Gulf of California 12 In the United States most fishers consider freshwater drum to be rough fish not suitable for eating similar to carp gar and buffalo fish although there are a number of people that enjoy fishing for these species and eating them despite their limitations 13 Fisheries edit nbsp An 1865 watercolor painting of Brazilian croaker by Jacques Burkhardt They are excellent food and sport fish and are commonly caught by surf and pier fishers Some are important commercial fishery species notably small yellow croaker with reported landings of 218 000 407 000 tonnes in 2000 2009 according to FAO fishery statistics it was the 25th most important fishery species worldwide 14 However a large proportion of the catch is not reported at species level in the FAO fishery statistics the category Croakers drums not elsewhere included is the largest one within sciaenids with annual landings of 431 000 780 000 tonnes in 2000 2009 most of which were reported from the western Indian Ocean FAO fishing area 51 and northwest Pacific FAO fishing area 61 14 The future of croakers like many other fish species in the United States and around the world is uncertain because overfishing continues to be a major threats The population has decreased significantly which will affect their ability reproduce In United States Croakers are managed by the federal and state governments to ensure that they re harvested sustainably 15 Croaking mechanism editA notable trait of sciaenids is the ability to produce a croaking sound However the pitch and use of croaking varies species to species The croaking ability is a distinguishing characteristic of sciaenids 4 The croaking mechanism is used by males as a mating call in some species To produce the croaking sound special muscles vibrate against the swim bladder 16 These muscles are called sonic muscle fibres and run horizontally along the fish s body on both sides around the swim bladder connected to a central tendon that surrounds the swim bladder ventrally These sonic muscle fibres are repeatedly contracted against the swim bladder to produce the croaking sound that gives drum and croaker their common name effectively using the swim bladder as a resonating chamber The sciaenids large swim bladder is more expansive and branched than other species which aids in the croaking 17 In some species the sonic muscle fibres are only present in males These muscles strengthen during the mating season and are allowed to atrophy the rest of the time deactivating the croaking mechanism 16 In other species most notably the Atlantic croaker the croaking mechanism is present in both sexes and remains active year round These species are thought to use croaking for communication such as announcing hazards and location when in turbid water 16 Croaking in communication edit In some species croaking is used for communication aside from attracting mates For those species that have year round croaking ability the croaks may serve as a low aggression warning during group feeding as well as to communicate location in cloudy water In those species that lack the ability to croak year round croaking is usually restricted to males for attracting mates A disadvantage to the croaking ability is that it allows bottlenose dolphin to easily locate large groups of croaker and drum as they broadcast their position indicating large amounts of food for the dolphins 16 Timeline of genera edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sciaenidae References edit a b Richard van der Laan William N Eschmeyer amp Ronald Fricke 2014 Family group names of recent fishes Zootaxa 3882 2 1 230 doi 10 11646 zootaxa 3882 1 1 PMID 25543675 a b c d e J S Nelson T C Grande M V H Wilson 2016 Fishes of the World 5th ed Wiley pp 497 502 ISBN 978 1 118 34233 6 a b c d Froese Rainer and Daniel Pauly eds 2023 Sciaenidae in FishBase February 2023 version a b Ramcharitar John Gannon Damon Popper Arthur May 16 2006 Bioacoustics of fishes of the family Sciaenidae Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 135 5 1409 1431 doi 10 1577 T05 207 1 a b Eschmeyer William N Fricke Ron amp van der Laan Richard eds Genera in the family Sciaenidae Catalog of Fishes California Academy of Sciences Retrieved 17 April 2023 Ricardo Betancur R Edward O Wiley Gloria Arratia et al 2017 Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes BMC Evolutionary Biology 17 162 doi 10 1186 s12862 017 0958 3 PMC 5501477 PMID 28683774 a b Eschmeyer s Catalog of Fishes Classification California Academy of Sciences Retrieved 17 April 2023 Kunio Sasaki 1989 Phylogeny of the family Sciaenidae with notes on its Zoogeography Teleostei Peciformes PDF Memoirs of the Faculty of Fishes Hokkaido University 36 1 2 1 137 Don L Frizzell John H Dante 1965 Otoliths of some early Cenozoic fishes of the Gulf Coast Journal of Paleontology 39 4 687 718 Lo P C Liu S H Nor SAM Chen W J 2017 Molecular exploration of hidden diversity in the Indo West Pacific sciaenid clade PLOS ONE 12 4 e0176623 Bibcode 2017PLoSO 1276623L doi 10 1371 journal pone 0176623 PMC 5409148 PMID 28453569 Christopher Scharpf amp Kenneth J Lazara eds 9 March 2023 Series Eupercaria Incertae sedis Families Callanthidae Centrogenyidae Dinopercidae Emmelichthyidae Malacanthidae Monodactylidae Moronidae Parascorpididae Sciaenidae and Sillagidae The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J Lazara Retrieved 17 April 2023 a b c Johnson G D amp Gill A C 1998 Paxton J R amp Eschmeyer W N eds Encyclopedia of Fishes San Diego Academic Press p 182 ISBN 978 0 12 547665 2 Dunn Elizabeth Gunnison 20 March 2015 Why These Overlooked Fish May Be the Tastiest and Most Sustainable WSJ Wall Street Journal Retrieved 2017 07 02 a b FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2011 Yearbook of fishery and aquaculture statistics 2009 Capture production PDF Rome FAO Archived from the original PDF on 2017 05 19 Global atlantic croaker production husfarm com a b c d Roach John November 7 2005 Fish Croaks Like a Frog But Why archived from the original on November 24 2005 retrieved December 1 2011 Collin Shaun N Justin Marshall 2003 Sensory processing in aquatic environments New York Springer Verlag New York ISBN 978 0 387 95527 8 Further reading editSepkoski Jack 2002 A compendium of fossil marine animal genera Bulletins of American Paleontology 363 1 560 Retrieved 2011 05 19 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sciaenidae amp oldid 1193903213, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.