Craugastor phasma is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is endemic to southeastern Costa Rica and only known from its type locality in the Las Tablas protected area in the Puntarenas Province, near the Panamanian border.[1][3] Only a single individual—the holotype collected in 1992—has ever been observed.[1][2] It is unusual in its ghost-like, gray-white coloration, and it was initially thought that the specimen was an albino form of some other species. However, the specimen is also morphologically distinct,[2] although some uncertainty regarding the validity of this species remains.[1]
The specific namephasma is Greek for "apparition" or "spirit" and refers to the ghost-like appearance of this species.[2]
Taxonomy and systematics
Based on morphological data, Savage and colleagues (2004) suggested that the sister species of Craugastor phasma is Craugastor talamancae,[4] a lowland species. Later studies have grouped Craugastor phasma with montane species in the Craugastor melanostictus species group.[5][6]
Description
The holotype, an adult female, measures 48 mm (1.9 in) in snout–vent length. Apart from the black eyes and scattered black markings on the head and hind limbs, the dorsal and ventral surfaces are uniformly gray-white. Skin is smooth. The head is slightly broader than it is wide. The snout is obtuse in profile. The canthus rostralis is sharp. The tympanum is ovoid and distinct. The fingers and toes bear disks. The toes have basal webbing.[2]
class=notpageimage|
Craugastor phasma is only known from the Las Tablas protected area in the Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica
Habitat and conservation
The holotype was found on a rocky stream bank in lower montane rainforest at 1,850 m (6,070 ft) above sea level.[1][2] The site was part of a transect that was regularly monitored for two years, but no other specimens were observed.[2]
The type locality is within the La Amistad Biosphere Reserve. However, the holotype was sick and observed among dead and dying frogs, so disease is a possible, immediate threat to this species.[1]
References
^ abcdefIUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). "Craugastor phasma". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T56853A54369934. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T56853A54369934.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
^ abcdefgLips, Karen R. & Savage, Jay M. (1996). "A new species of rainfrog, Eleutherodactylus phasma (Anura: Leptodactylidae), from montane Costa Rica". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 109: 744–748.
^ abFrost, Darrel R. (2017). "Craugastor phasma (Lips and Savage, 1996)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
^Savage, Jay M.; Hollingsworth, Bradford D.; Lips, Karen R. & Jaslow, Alan P. (2004). "A new species of rainfrog (genus Eleutherodactylus) from the Serranía de Tabasará, west-central Panama and reanalysis of the fitzingeri group". Herpetologica. 60 (4): 519–529. doi:10.1655/03-29. S2CID 73638935.
^Hedges, S. B.; Duellman, W. E. & Heinicke, M. P. (2008). "New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1737: 1–182. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1737.1.1.
^Padial, J. M.; Grant, T. & Frost, D. R. (2014). "Molecular systematics of terraranas (Anura: Brachycephaloidea) with an assessment of the effects of alignment and optimality criteria". Zootaxa. 3825: 1–132. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3825.1.1. PMID 24989881.
January 24, 2023
craugastor, phasma, species, frog, family, craugastoridae, endemic, southeastern, costa, rica, only, known, from, type, locality, tablas, protected, area, puntarenas, province, near, panamanian, border, only, single, individual, holotype, collected, 1992, ever. Craugastor phasma is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae It is endemic to southeastern Costa Rica and only known from its type locality in the Las Tablas protected area in the Puntarenas Province near the Panamanian border 1 3 Only a single individual the holotype collected in 1992 has ever been observed 1 2 It is unusual in its ghost like gray white coloration and it was initially thought that the specimen was an albino form of some other species However the specimen is also morphologically distinct 2 although some uncertainty regarding the validity of this species remains 1 Craugastor phasmaConservation statusCritically Endangered IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass AmphibiaOrder AnuraFamily CraugastoridaeGenus CraugastorSubgenus CraugastorSpecies C phasmaBinomial nameCraugastor phasma Lips and Savage 1996 Synonyms 3 Eleutherodactylus phasma Lips and Savage 1996 2 Contents 1 Etymology 2 Taxonomy and systematics 3 Description 4 Habitat and conservation 5 ReferencesEtymology EditThe specific name phasma is Greek for apparition or spirit and refers to the ghost like appearance of this species 2 Taxonomy and systematics EditBased on morphological data Savage and colleagues 2004 suggested that the sister species of Craugastor phasma is Craugastor talamancae 4 a lowland species Later studies have grouped Craugastor phasma with montane species in the Craugastor melanostictus species group 5 6 Description EditThe holotype an adult female measures 48 mm 1 9 in in snout vent length Apart from the black eyes and scattered black markings on the head and hind limbs the dorsal and ventral surfaces are uniformly gray white Skin is smooth The head is slightly broader than it is wide The snout is obtuse in profile The canthus rostralis is sharp The tympanum is ovoid and distinct The fingers and toes bear disks The toes have basal webbing 2 class notpageimage Craugastor phasma is only known from the Las Tablas protected area in the Puntarenas Province Costa RicaHabitat and conservation EditThe holotype was found on a rocky stream bank in lower montane rainforest at 1 850 m 6 070 ft above sea level 1 2 The site was part of a transect that was regularly monitored for two years but no other specimens were observed 2 The type locality is within the La Amistad Biosphere Reserve However the holotype was sick and observed among dead and dying frogs so disease is a possible immediate threat to this species 1 References Edit a b c d e f IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group 2020 Craugastor phasma IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020 e T56853A54369934 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2020 3 RLTS T56853A54369934 en Retrieved 17 November 2021 a b c d e f g Lips Karen R amp Savage Jay M 1996 A new species of rainfrog Eleutherodactylus phasma Anura Leptodactylidae from montane Costa Rica Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 109 744 748 a b Frost Darrel R 2017 Craugastor phasma Lips and Savage 1996 Amphibian Species of the World an Online Reference Version 6 0 American Museum of Natural History Retrieved 5 June 2017 Savage Jay M Hollingsworth Bradford D Lips Karen R amp Jaslow Alan P 2004 A new species of rainfrog genus Eleutherodactylus from the Serrania de Tabasara west central Panama and reanalysis of the fitzingeri group Herpetologica 60 4 519 529 doi 10 1655 03 29 S2CID 73638935 Hedges S B Duellman W E amp Heinicke M P 2008 New World direct developing frogs Anura Terrarana Molecular phylogeny classification biogeography and conservation PDF Zootaxa 1737 1 182 doi 10 11646 zootaxa 1737 1 1 Padial J M Grant T amp Frost D R 2014 Molecular systematics of terraranas Anura Brachycephaloidea with an assessment of the effects of alignment and optimality criteria Zootaxa 3825 1 132 doi 10 11646 zootaxa 3825 1 1 PMID 24989881 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Craugastor phasma amp oldid 1085047547, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
