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Cantharellaceae

August 31, 2023

The Cantharellaceae are a family of fungi in the order Cantharellales. The family contains the chanterelles and related species, a group of fungi that superficially resemble agarics (gilled mushrooms) but have smooth, wrinkled, or gill-like hymenophores (spore-bearing undersurfaces). Species in the family are ectomycorrhizal, forming a mutually beneficial relationship with the roots of trees and other plants. Many of the Cantharellaceae, including the chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius), the Pacific golden chanterelle (Cantharellus formosus), the horn of plenty (Craterellus cornucopioides), and the trumpet chanterelle (Craterellus tubaeformis), are not only edible, but are collected and marketed internationally on a commercial scale.

Taxonomy Edit

History Edit

The family was originally described in 1888 by German mycologist Joseph Schröter to accommodate the chanterelles, which at that time were thought to be an evolutionary link between "primitive" Thelephora species with smooth hymenophores (spore-bearing surfaces) and more "advanced" Agaricus species with gilled hymenophores. In 1903, French mycologist René Maire proposed a new classification system that emphasized the possession of "stichic" basidia (basidia with nuclear spindles arranged longitudinally), a characteristic of the Cantharellaceae that linked the family to the Hydnaceae and Clavulinaceae. This led Ernst Albert Gäumann to include the genus Hydnum (the hedgehog fungi) within the Cantharellaceae.[1] In his 1964 survey of fungal families, Dutch mycologist Marinus Anton Donk limited the Cantharellaceae to Cantharellus and Craterellus species, together with some close tropical associates, and this disposition was widely accepted.[2][3]

Current status Edit

Molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has confirmed Donk's circumscription of the Cantharellaceae, though the smaller genera have not yet been sequenced.[4] According to a standard 2008 reference work, the family contains 5 genera and over 90 species worldwide.[5]

Description Edit

Fruit bodies of most species in the family are mushroom-like or trumpet-like, with spore-bearing surfaces that are smooth, wrinkled, veined, or gill-like and that are typically decurrent (running down the upper stem). The consistency is fleshy, the hyphal system being monomitic (consisting of generative hyphae only). The basidia are comparatively large and often have more than the standard 4 sterigmata. Spores are smooth and white to yellowish or pinkish in deposit.[6]

Habitat and distribution Edit

All species within the Cantharellaceae are believed to be ectomycorrhizal, forming a mutually beneficial relationships with the roots of living trees and other plants. Basidiocarps typically occur on the ground or in leaf litter in woodland. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, though the majority of species are tropical.[6] Afrocantharellus, segregated as a genus distinct from Cantharellus in 2012, has four species found only in Africa.[7]

Economic importance Edit

Many species of Cantharellus, Craterellus, and Goossensia are edible and several are collected and marketed on a commercial scale. In Europe, the commercial species are Cantharellus cibarius, Craterellus cornucopioides, and Craterellus tubaeformis which are sold fresh, dried, or canned and are either sourced in Europe or imported, mainly from China.[8][9] Various African Cantharellus species (often collected in miombo woodlands) are also imported into Europe and marketed as "chanterelles".[10] In North America, Cantharellus formosus is an additional, widely marketed species.[11] The global trade in species of the Cantharellaceae has been estimated (2005) to be worth over £1bn (US$1.5bn) per year.[12]

References Edit

  1. ^ Gäumann, E. (1926). Vergleichende Morphologie der Pilze. Jena: Gustav Fischer.
  2. ^ Donk MA. (1964). "A conspectus of the families of Aphyllophorales". Persoonia. 3: 199–324.
  3. ^ Hawksworth DL, Kirk PM, Sutton BC, Pegler DN, eds. (1995). Dictionary of the Fungi (8th ed.). Wallingford, Oxford: CABI. ISBN 0-85198-885-7.
  4. ^ Moncalvo J-M; et al. (2006). "The cantharelloid clade: dealing with incongruent gene trees and phylogenetic reconstruction methods". Mycologia. 98 (6): 937–948. doi:10.3852/mycologia.98.6.937. PMID 17486970. (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2010-12-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  5. ^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA, eds. (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, Oxford: CABI. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
  6. ^ a b Corner EJH. (1966). A monograph of cantharelloid fungi. Oxford University Press.
  7. ^ Tibuhwa DD, Savić S, Tibell L, Kivaisi AK (2012). "Afrocantharellus gen. stat. nov. is part of a rich diversity of African Cantharellaceae". IMA Fungus. 3 (1): 25–38. doi:10.5598/imafungus.2012.03.01.04. PMC 3399100. PMID 23155498.  
  8. ^ e.g. Fresh mushrooms for sale . Archived from the original on 2011-01-31. Retrieved 2010-12-22.
  9. ^ e.g. Fresh, dried, and canned chanterelles for sale http://uk.alibaba.com/products/chanterelle.html
  10. ^ e.g. African chanterelles http://www.wildlivingresources.org/mushrooms 2011-07-28 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ e.g. Pacific chanterelles http://moonlightsdelights.com/goldenchanterelles.html
  12. ^ Spooner B, Roberts P (2005). New Naturalist: Fungi. London: HarperCollins. p. 478. ISBN 0-00-220152-6.

External links Edit

  • The Cantharellaceae
  • Taxonomy in Transition: The Cantharellus/Craterellus Clade

August 31, 2023
cantharellaceae, family, fungi, order, cantharellales, family, contains, chanterelles, related, species, group, fungi, that, superficially, resemble, agarics, gilled, mushrooms, have, smooth, wrinkled, gill, like, hymenophores, spore, bearing, undersurfaces, s. The Cantharellaceae are a family of fungi in the order Cantharellales The family contains the chanterelles and related species a group of fungi that superficially resemble agarics gilled mushrooms but have smooth wrinkled or gill like hymenophores spore bearing undersurfaces Species in the family are ectomycorrhizal forming a mutually beneficial relationship with the roots of trees and other plants Many of the Cantharellaceae including the chanterelle Cantharellus cibarius the Pacific golden chanterelle Cantharellus formosus the horn of plenty Craterellus cornucopioides and the trumpet chanterelle Craterellus tubaeformis are not only edible but are collected and marketed internationally on a commercial scale CantharellaceaeThe chanterelle Cantharellus cibarius Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom FungiDivision BasidiomycotaClass AgaricomycetesOrder CantharellalesFamily CantharellaceaeJ Schrot 1888 Type genusCantharellusAdans ex Fr GeneraAfrocantharellusCantharellusCraterellusGoossensiaParastereopsisPseudocraterellusPterygellusSynonymsCraterellaceae Herter 1910 Contents 1 Taxonomy 1 1 History 1 2 Current status 2 Description 3 Habitat and distribution 4 Economic importance 5 References 6 External linksTaxonomy EditHistory Edit The family was originally described in 1888 by German mycologist Joseph Schroter to accommodate the chanterelles which at that time were thought to be an evolutionary link between primitive Thelephora species with smooth hymenophores spore bearing surfaces and more advanced Agaricus species with gilled hymenophores In 1903 French mycologist Rene Maire proposed a new classification system that emphasized the possession of stichic basidia basidia with nuclear spindles arranged longitudinally a characteristic of the Cantharellaceae that linked the family to the Hydnaceae and Clavulinaceae This led Ernst Albert Gaumann to include the genus Hydnum the hedgehog fungi within the Cantharellaceae 1 In his 1964 survey of fungal families Dutch mycologist Marinus Anton Donk limited the Cantharellaceae to Cantharellus and Craterellus species together with some close tropical associates and this disposition was widely accepted 2 3 Current status Edit Molecular research based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences has confirmed Donk s circumscription of the Cantharellaceae though the smaller genera have not yet been sequenced 4 According to a standard 2008 reference work the family contains 5 genera and over 90 species worldwide 5 Description EditFruit bodies of most species in the family are mushroom like or trumpet like with spore bearing surfaces that are smooth wrinkled veined or gill like and that are typically decurrent running down the upper stem The consistency is fleshy the hyphal system being monomitic consisting of generative hyphae only The basidia are comparatively large and often have more than the standard 4 sterigmata Spores are smooth and white to yellowish or pinkish in deposit 6 Habitat and distribution EditAll species within the Cantharellaceae are believed to be ectomycorrhizal forming a mutually beneficial relationships with the roots of living trees and other plants Basidiocarps typically occur on the ground or in leaf litter in woodland The family has a cosmopolitan distribution though the majority of species are tropical 6 Afrocantharellus segregated as a genus distinct from Cantharellus in 2012 has four species found only in Africa 7 Economic importance EditMany species of Cantharellus Craterellus and Goossensia are edible and several are collected and marketed on a commercial scale In Europe the commercial species are Cantharellus cibarius Craterellus cornucopioides and Craterellus tubaeformis which are sold fresh dried or canned and are either sourced in Europe or imported mainly from China 8 9 Various African Cantharellus species often collected in miombo woodlands are also imported into Europe and marketed as chanterelles 10 In North America Cantharellus formosus is an additional widely marketed species 11 The global trade in species of the Cantharellaceae has been estimated 2005 to be worth over 1bn US 1 5bn per year 12 References Edit Gaumann E 1926 Vergleichende Morphologie der Pilze Jena Gustav Fischer Donk MA 1964 A conspectus of the families of Aphyllophorales Persoonia 3 199 324 Hawksworth DL Kirk PM Sutton BC Pegler DN eds 1995 Dictionary of the Fungi 8th ed Wallingford Oxford CABI ISBN 0 85198 885 7 Moncalvo J M et al 2006 The cantharelloid clade dealing with incongruent gene trees and phylogenetic reconstruction methods Mycologia 98 6 937 948 doi 10 3852 mycologia 98 6 937 PMID 17486970 Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2011 07 06 Retrieved 2010 12 22 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Kirk PM Cannon PF Minter DW Stalpers JA eds 2008 Dictionary of the Fungi 10th ed Wallingford Oxford CABI ISBN 978 0 85199 826 8 a b Corner EJH 1966 A monograph of cantharelloid fungi Oxford University Press Tibuhwa DD Savic S Tibell L Kivaisi AK 2012 Afrocantharellus gen stat nov is part of a rich diversity of African Cantharellaceae IMA Fungus 3 1 25 38 doi 10 5598 imafungus 2012 03 01 04 PMC 3399100 PMID 23155498 e g Fresh mushrooms for sale Fresh and seasonal wild Mushrooms from Fine Food Specialist Archived from the original on 2011 01 31 Retrieved 2010 12 22 e g Fresh dried and canned chanterelles for sale http uk alibaba com products chanterelle html e g African chanterelles http www wildlivingresources org mushrooms Archived 2011 07 28 at the Wayback Machine e g Pacific chanterelles http moonlightsdelights com goldenchanterelles html Spooner B Roberts P 2005 New Naturalist Fungi London HarperCollins p 478 ISBN 0 00 220152 6 External links EditThe Cantharellaceae Taxonomy in Transition The Cantharellus Craterellus Clade Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cantharellaceae amp oldid 1149938547, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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