Craterellus is a genus of generally edible fungi similar to the closely related chanterelles, with some new species recently moved from the latter to the former. Both groups lack true gills on the underside of their caps, though they often have gill-like wrinkles and ridges.
Molecular phylogenetics have been applied to the problem of discriminating between Craterellus and Cantharellus genera. Results indicate that the presence of a hollow stipe may be a synapomorphy (a trait corresponding to the evolutionary relationship) which reliably identifies Craterellus species. C. cornucopioides appears to be a single polymorphic species, while C. tubaeformis may be two separate genetic groups separated by geography.[2]
Phylogenetic relationships of some Craterellus species and the genus Cantharellus based on DNA sequences. C. tubaeformis as previously described is two separate genetic groups, corresponding to Europe-eastern North America and western North America.[2]
The genera Craterellus and Cantharellus have always been recognized as closely related. The whole group may be recognized by their lack of division into cap and stipe, and their rudimentary or missing gills ("false gills").[2][3] Originally Cantharellus was defined by Fries in 1821 to mean all these species together[4] and then in 1825 Persoon separated some species off to create the Craterellus group, with Cr. cornucopioides as type species.[5] Since then some authorities have tried to merge the two genera again,[6] but DNA studies now indicate that (with recent changes) each genus is monophyletic, and so they are likely to remain separate.[7]
In the past Craterellus was distinguished on the basis that[2][6]
the fruiting body had a hollow stipe, generally being funnel-shaped, and
But phylogenetic DNA work starting with the 2000 paper of Dahlman et al.[2] has shown that some species traditionally placed in Cantharellus (C. tubaeformis, C. ignicolor and C. lutescens) really belong in Craterellus, and this means that the second distinguishing rule is no longer valid. On the other hand, the first rule holds up well.
Speciesedit
The taxonomy of these fungi is in a state of flux (particularly due to DNA analysis) and many earlier names are now disputed. The following table gives some of the most important ones. Numerous species of Cantharellus have at times been classified under Craterellus, but these are mostly excluded from the table. See also the cladogram at right for a portrayal of the relationships between the species based on recent evidence.
Although the paper of Dahlman et al.,[2] and also one reference of Kuo,[9] puts this in Craterellus, it seems currently to be in Cantharellus. It is very similar to C. tubaeformis but the cap is yellow to orange.[9]C. ignicolor is edible.[16]
In the past the species infundibuliformis has been separated from tubaeformis on the basis of spore print colour and spore size, but molecular analysis shows that the distinction is not justified.[2] When this species name was in use it was as Cantharellus, but if reintroduced now it would have to be as Craterellus.
This common species (sometimes called "yellowfoot") has relatively well-developed gills, a greyish cap, and a hollow yellow stipe. It was moved from Cantharellus to Craterellus due to DNA studies. Those found in western N. America may be a different species from those in Europe and eastern North America.[2][14]
Referencesedit
^"Synonymy: Craterellus Pers". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
^ abcdefghijDahlman, Mattias; Danell, Eric; Spatafora, Joseph W. (April 2000). (PDF). Mycological Research. 104 (4): 388–394. doi:10.1017/S0953756299001380. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-08-04.
^See Tom Volk's Fungus of the Month for January 2008 for a description of the difference between "real" and "false" gills.
^ abRobert Kühner & Henri Romagnesi (1974). Flore analytique des champignons supérieurs (agarics, bolets, chanterelles) (in French). Paris: Masson. p. 47. ISBN2-225-53713-5. This reference covers Craterellus as a subgenus of Craterellus, not as a genus.
^Moncalvo JM, Nilsson RH, Koster B, Dunham SM, Bernauer T, Matheny PB, Porter TM, Margaritescu S, Weiss M, Garnica S, Danell E, Langer G, Langer E, Larsson E, Larsson KH, Vilgalys R (2006). (PDF). Mycologia. 98 (6): 937–948. doi:10.3852/mycologia.98.6.937. PMID 17486970. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 June 2010. Retrieved 23 March 2013.. The important "false gill" characteristic of these fungi is discussed on page 938 and it is mentioned that lamellae of Gomphus are similar.
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December 20, 2023
craterellus, genus, generally, edible, fungi, similar, closely, related, chanterelles, with, some, species, recently, moved, from, latter, former, both, groups, lack, true, gills, underside, their, caps, though, they, often, have, gill, like, wrinkles, ridges,. Craterellus is a genus of generally edible fungi similar to the closely related chanterelles with some new species recently moved from the latter to the former Both groups lack true gills on the underside of their caps though they often have gill like wrinkles and ridges CraterellusCraterellus cornucopioidesScientific classificationKingdom FungiDivision BasidiomycotaClass AgaricomycetesOrder CantharellalesFamily CantharellaceaeGenus CraterellusPers 1825 Type speciesC cornucopioides L Pers 1825 Synonyms 1 Fungoidaster P Micheli 1729 Trombetta Adans 1763 Pezicula Paulet 1791 Sterbeeckia Dumort 1822 Craterellus sp Mycological characteristicsRidges on hymeniumCap is infundibuliformHymenium is decurrentStipe is bareSpore print is cream to salmonEcology is mycorrhizalEdibility is choice Contents 1 General 2 Definition of the genus 3 Species 4 References 5 External linksGeneral editThe three most common species C cornucopioides C lutescens and C tubaeformis are gathered commercially and unlike Cantharellus can be easily preserved by drying Molecular phylogenetics have been applied to the problem of discriminating between Craterellus and Cantharellus genera Results indicate that the presence of a hollow stipe may be a synapomorphy a trait corresponding to the evolutionary relationship which reliably identifies Craterellus species C cornucopioides appears to be a single polymorphic species while C tubaeformis may be two separate genetic groups separated by geography 2 Definition of the genus editC cornucopioidesC odoratusPseudocraterellus sinuosusC lutescensC ignicolorwestern C tubaeformiseastern C tubaeformisCantharellus ssp Phylogenetic relationships of some Craterellus species and the genus Cantharellus based on DNA sequences C tubaeformis as previously described is two separate genetic groups corresponding to Europe eastern North America and western North America 2 The genera Craterellus and Cantharellus have always been recognized as closely related The whole group may be recognized by their lack of division into cap and stipe and their rudimentary or missing gills false gills 2 3 Originally Cantharellus was defined by Fries in 1821 to mean all these species together 4 and then in 1825 Persoon separated some species off to create the Craterellus group with Cr cornucopioides as type species 5 Since then some authorities have tried to merge the two genera again 6 but DNA studies now indicate that with recent changes each genus is monophyletic and so they are likely to remain separate 7 In the past Craterellus was distinguished on the basis that 2 6 the fruiting body had a hollow stipe generally being funnel shaped and there were no clamp connections But phylogenetic DNA work starting with the 2000 paper of Dahlman et al 2 has shown that some species traditionally placed in Cantharellus C tubaeformis C ignicolor and C lutescens really belong in Craterellus and this means that the second distinguishing rule is no longer valid On the other hand the first rule holds up well Species editThe taxonomy of these fungi is in a state of flux particularly due to DNA analysis and many earlier names are now disputed The following table gives some of the most important ones Numerous species of Cantharellus have at times been classified under Craterellus but these are mostly excluded from the table See also the cladogram at right for a portrayal of the relationships between the species based on recent evidence Image Name Current status Further details nbsp C caeruleofuscus A H Sm 1968 8 Valid With blue or purplish shades growing in sphagnum around the Great Lakes 9 10 nbsp C calicornucopioides D Arora amp J L Frank 2015 11 Valid Closely related to similar European species C cornucopioides but separated on the basis of molecular phylogenetics 11 nbsp C cornucopioides L Pers 1825 Valid 5 Type species of the genus nbsp C excelsus T W Henkel amp Aime 2009 Valid 12 Described in 2009 from Guyana nbsp C fallax A H Sm 1968 13 May be synonym of C cornucopioides 2 14 If separated from C cornucopioides this is on the basis of its geography and the colour of the underside 14 15 nbsp C ignicolor R H Petersen Dahlman Danell amp Spatafora 2000 Synonym of Cantharellus ignicolor 14 Although the paper of Dahlman et al 2 and also one reference of Kuo 9 puts this in Craterellus it seems currently to be in Cantharellus It is very similar to C tubaeformis but the cap is yellow to orange 9 C ignicolor is edible 16 Cantharellus infundibuliformis Scop Fr 1838 Synonym of C tubaeformis 14 17 In the past the species infundibuliformis has been separated from tubaeformis on the basis of spore print colour and spore size but molecular analysis shows that the distinction is not justified 2 When this species name was in use it was as Cantharellus but if reintroduced now it would have to be as Craterellus C konradii Bourdot amp Maire 1930 Synonym of C cornucopioides 18 If separated from C cornucopioides it is distinguished by a yellowish rather than black coloration 14 nbsp C lutescens Fr Fr 1838 Valid 2 14 19 Closely associated with C tubaeformis this species has less well developed lamellae nbsp C tubaeformis Fr Quel 1888 Valid 20 This common species sometimes called yellowfoot has relatively well developed gills a greyish cap and a hollow yellow stipe It was moved from Cantharellus to Craterellus due to DNA studies Those found in western N America may be a different species from those in Europe and eastern North America 2 14 References edit Synonymy Craterellus Pers Species Fungorum CAB International Retrieved 2016 02 10 a b c d e f g h i j Dahlman Mattias Danell Eric Spatafora Joseph W April 2000 Molecular systematics of Craterellus cladistic analysis of nuclear LSU rDNA sequence data PDF Mycological Research 104 4 388 394 doi 10 1017 S0953756299001380 Archived from the original PDF on 2007 08 04 See Tom Volk s Fungus of the Month for January 2008 for a description of the difference between real and false gills See page for Cantharellus in Index Fungorum a b See page for Craterellus in Index Fungorum a b Robert Kuhner amp Henri Romagnesi 1974 Flore analytique des champignons superieurs agarics bolets chanterelles in French Paris Masson p 47 ISBN 2 225 53713 5 This reference covers Craterellus as a subgenus of Craterellus not as a genus Moncalvo JM Nilsson RH Koster B Dunham SM Bernauer T Matheny PB Porter TM Margaritescu S Weiss M Garnica S Danell E Langer G Langer E Larsson E Larsson KH Vilgalys R 2006 The cantharelloid clade dealing with incongruent gene trees and phylogenetic reconstruction methods PDF Mycologia 98 6 937 948 doi 10 3852 mycologia 98 6 937 PMID 17486970 Archived from the original PDF on 13 June 2010 Retrieved 23 March 2013 The important false gill characteristic of these fungi is discussed on page 938 and it is mentioned that lamellae of Gomphus are similar See page for Cr caeruleofuscus in Index Fungorum a b c Kuo M 2011 February Chanterelles and trumpets Cantharellus and Craterellus Retrieved from the MushroomExpert Com Web site 1 See the Mycoquebec page for Cr caeruleofuscus a b Arora DL Frank JL 6 December 2015 Nomenclatural novelties Jonathan L Frank PDF Index Fungorum 249 ISSN 2049 2375 See page for Cr excelsus in Index Fungorum See page for Cr fallax in Index Fungorum a b c d e f g Kuo M 2003 June The Cantharellus Craterellus clade Retrieved from the MushroomExpert Com Web site 2 See the Mycoquebec page for Cr fallax Miller Jr Orson K Miller Hope H 2006 North American Mushrooms A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi Guilford CN FalconGuide p 336 ISBN 978 0 7627 3109 1 See the page for Ca infundibuliformis in Index Fungorum See page for Cr konradii in Index Fungorum See the page for Cr lutescens in Species Fungorum See the page for Cr tubaeformis in Species Fungorum External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Craterellus Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Craterellus amp oldid 1176019598, wikipedia, wiki, book, 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