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Communist Party of Estonia (1990)

April 12, 2024

The Communist Party of Estonia (CPSU) (Estonian: Eestimaa Kommunistlik Partei; Russian: Коммунистическая партия Эстонии, romanized: Kommunisticheskaya partiya Estonii) was a political party in Estonia. The party was initially known as Communist Party of Estonia (on CPSU platform) (EKP (NLKP platvormil)), and was formed in 1990 through a split in the original Communist Party of Estonia (EKP). The split occurred at the 20th congress of EKP in March 1990, as a reaction against the decision of the congress to separate EKP from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and rebrand itself into the Estonian Democratic Labour Party (EDTP). Immediately after the independence decision of EKP, the pro-Soviet delegates left the congress venue. The convened their own rival 20th congress on March 26, 1990.[2] EKP (NLKP platvormil) elected its own Central Committee, headed by its First Secretary Alexander Gusev, and would function as a separate party from EKP.[3][4]

Communist Party of Estonia
Founded26 March 1990
Banned22 August 1991
IdeologyCommunism
Marxism-Leninism
Soviet patriotism
Regional affiliationUCP–CPSU
International affiliationIMCWP[1]

The party was often perceived, along with Intermovement, as representing the resistance of the Russian population in Estonia against independence. However unlike the split in the Communist Party of Latvia, the split in EKP did not follow ethnic lines. A study on the electoral patterns of the 1990 Estonian Supreme Soviet election showed that the EKP (NLKP platvormil) candidates had a support of 13.3% of the non-Estonian voters.[4][5] Notably, when the split in EKP occurred in 1990 party units in Russian-dominated towns like Narva, Sillamäe and Kohtla-Järve decided to retain their membership in EKP rather than joining EKP (NLKP platvormil).[6]

Unlike the analogous split in the Communist Party of Latvia, EKP (NLKP platvormil) failed to gain control over any major portion of the resources and personnel of the EKP after the split.[6] On 20 June 1990 the name of the party was changed to Communist Party of Estonia (CPSU) (EKP (NLKP)).[7]

EKP (NLKP) held its 21st Party Congress in the fall of 1990 (counting the twenty party congresses of EKP as theirs). The congress elected Lembit Annus, as the new First Secretary. With the new leadership followed a less confrontational approach that its Latvian counterpart.[4] In April 1991 Annus expressed willingness to enter a coalition government in Estonia.[8]

Parallel to the March 3, 1991 referendum on Estonian independence, the party organized a referendum of its own. The vote took place in the cities of Kohtla-Järve, Sillamäe and Narva. The question of the referendum was "Do you want the sovereign Estonia to remain within the composition of the USSR?". Unlike the main referendum, all residents (including Soviet troops) could take part. Only the results from Sillamäe were made public, with a turnout of 83%. 89% of the voters in Sillamäe had voted yes in the referendum.[9]

Activities edit

The party supported the August 1991 Soviet coup. Following the defeat of the coup, the party was declared illegal by the Estonian government on August 22, 1991.[9][10] At the time Central Committee secretary of the party was Pavel Panfilov.[11]

After the ban, some former members covertly created the Communist Party of Estonia to continue the cause. Initially their grouping was affiliated with the Union of Communist Parties – Communist Party of the Soviet Union (SKP-KPSS),[12] but when SKP-KPSS split in 2001 they joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union of Oleg Shenin. The party carried out a congress in 1999, and elected a Central Committee.[13]

References edit

  1. ^ "20 IMCWP, Participants List". SolidNet. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
  2. ^ Miljan, Toivo. Historical dictionary of Estonia. Lanham: Scarecrow Press, 2004. p. 28
  3. ^ Ishiyama, John T./Breuning, Marijke. Ethnopolitics in the New Europe. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1998. p. 86
  4. ^ a b c Ishiyama, John T.. Representational Mechanisms and Ethnopolitics: Evidence from Transitional Democracies in Eastern Europe; published in East European Quarterly, Vol. 33, 1999.
  5. ^ Kolstø, Pål. National integration and violent conflict in post-Soviet societies : the cases of Estonia and Moldova. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2002. p. 111-112
  6. ^ a b Ishiyama, John T./Breuning, Marijke. Ethnopolitics in the New Europe. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1998. p. 87
  7. ^ "08256".
  8. ^ Ishiyama, John T./Breuning, Marijke. Ethnopolitics in the New Europe. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1998. p. 87, 106
  9. ^ a b Metcalf, Lee Kendall. Outbidding to Radical Nationalists: Minority Policy in Estonia, 1988–1993, published in Nations and Nationalism, Volume 2 Issue 2, p. 213-234
  10. ^ http://www.cs.oswego.edu/~dab/coup/RLA/91-161.RLA.txt [bare URL plain text file]
  11. ^ http://www.cs.oswego.edu/~dab/coup/RLA/91-157.RLA.txt [bare URL plain text file]
  12. ^ "Союз коммунистических партий – КПСС".
  13. ^ "Soviet People on the Move".

External links edit

    April 12, 2024
    communist, party, estonia, 1990, communist, party, estonia, cpsu, estonian, eestimaa, kommunistlik, partei, russian, Коммунистическая, партия, Эстонии, romanized, kommunisticheskaya, partiya, estonii, political, party, estonia, party, initially, known, communi. The Communist Party of Estonia CPSU Estonian Eestimaa Kommunistlik Partei Russian Kommunisticheskaya partiya Estonii romanized Kommunisticheskaya partiya Estonii was a political party in Estonia The party was initially known as Communist Party of Estonia on CPSU platform EKP NLKP platvormil and was formed in 1990 through a split in the original Communist Party of Estonia EKP The split occurred at the 20th congress of EKP in March 1990 as a reaction against the decision of the congress to separate EKP from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and rebrand itself into the Estonian Democratic Labour Party EDTP Immediately after the independence decision of EKP the pro Soviet delegates left the congress venue The convened their own rival 20th congress on March 26 1990 2 EKP NLKP platvormil elected its own Central Committee headed by its First Secretary Alexander Gusev and would function as a separate party from EKP 3 4 Communist Party of EstoniaFounded26 March 1990Banned22 August 1991IdeologyCommunismMarxism LeninismSoviet patriotismRegional affiliationUCP CPSUInternational affiliationIMCWP 1 Politics of EstoniaPolitical partiesElectionsThe party was often perceived along with Intermovement as representing the resistance of the Russian population in Estonia against independence However unlike the split in the Communist Party of Latvia the split in EKP did not follow ethnic lines A study on the electoral patterns of the 1990 Estonian Supreme Soviet election showed that the EKP NLKP platvormil candidates had a support of 13 3 of the non Estonian voters 4 5 Notably when the split in EKP occurred in 1990 party units in Russian dominated towns like Narva Sillamae and Kohtla Jarve decided to retain their membership in EKP rather than joining EKP NLKP platvormil 6 Unlike the analogous split in the Communist Party of Latvia EKP NLKP platvormil failed to gain control over any major portion of the resources and personnel of the EKP after the split 6 On 20 June 1990 the name of the party was changed to Communist Party of Estonia CPSU EKP NLKP 7 EKP NLKP held its 21st Party Congress in the fall of 1990 counting the twenty party congresses of EKP as theirs The congress elected Lembit Annus as the new First Secretary With the new leadership followed a less confrontational approach that its Latvian counterpart 4 In April 1991 Annus expressed willingness to enter a coalition government in Estonia 8 Parallel to the March 3 1991 referendum on Estonian independence the party organized a referendum of its own The vote took place in the cities of Kohtla Jarve Sillamae and Narva The question of the referendum was Do you want the sovereign Estonia to remain within the composition of the USSR Unlike the main referendum all residents including Soviet troops could take part Only the results from Sillamae were made public with a turnout of 83 89 of the voters in Sillamae had voted yes in the referendum 9 Activities editThe party supported the August 1991 Soviet coup Following the defeat of the coup the party was declared illegal by the Estonian government on August 22 1991 9 10 At the time Central Committee secretary of the party was Pavel Panfilov 11 After the ban some former members covertly created the Communist Party of Estonia to continue the cause Initially their grouping was affiliated with the Union of Communist Parties Communist Party of the Soviet Union SKP KPSS 12 but when SKP KPSS split in 2001 they joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union of Oleg Shenin The party carried out a congress in 1999 and elected a Central Committee 13 References edit 20 IMCWP Participants List SolidNet Retrieved 16 February 2019 Miljan Toivo Historical dictionary of Estonia Lanham Scarecrow Press 2004 p 28 Ishiyama John T Breuning Marijke Ethnopolitics in the New Europe Boulder Lynne Rienner Publishers 1998 p 86 a b c Ishiyama John T Representational Mechanisms and Ethnopolitics Evidence from Transitional Democracies in Eastern Europe published in East European Quarterly Vol 33 1999 Kolsto Pal National integration and violent conflict in post Soviet societies the cases of Estonia and Moldova Lanham Rowman amp Littlefield 2002 p 111 112 a b Ishiyama John T Breuning Marijke Ethnopolitics in the New Europe Boulder Lynne Rienner Publishers 1998 p 87 08256 Ishiyama John T Breuning Marijke Ethnopolitics in the New Europe Boulder Lynne Rienner Publishers 1998 p 87 106 a b Metcalf Lee Kendall Outbidding to Radical Nationalists Minority Policy in Estonia 1988 1993 published in Nations and Nationalism Volume 2 Issue 2 p 213 234 http www cs oswego edu dab coup RLA 91 161 RLA txt bare URL plain text file http www cs oswego edu dab coup RLA 91 157 RLA txt bare URL plain text file Soyuz kommunisticheskih partij KPSS Soviet People on the Move External links editPresentation by the EKP at the 2005 International Communist Seminar Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Communist Party of Estonia 1990 amp oldid 1171045439, wikipedia, 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