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Colombian literature

December 02, 2023

Colombian literature, as an expression of the culture of Colombia, is heterogeneous due to the coexistence of Spanish, African and Native American heritages in an extremely diverse geography. Five distinct historical and cultural traditions can be identified, with their own socioeconomic history: the Caribbean coast, Greater Antioquia, the Cundinamarca-Boyacá Highlands, Greater Tolima and the Western Valley.[1] Colombia produced one of the richest literatures of Latin America, as much for its abundance as for its variety and innovation during the 19th and 20th centuries. Colombian intellectuals who forged the literature of this period also contributed decisively to the consolidation of Latin American literature.[2][3]

Conquest and early colonial period (1499-1810) edit

 
Juan Rodríguez Freyle was an early writer in the New Kingdom of Granada. His major work El Carnero is a collection of stories, anecdotes and rumours about the early days of colonial Colombia and the demise of the Muisca Confederation

Under the Spanish Empire, major literary topics included conquest narratives, chronicles, religious devotion, and love themes. Some of the best-known authors of this period are:

Emancipation and national consolidation (1780-1830) edit

 
The republic forces defeated the Spanish Empire in the Battle of Boyacá

During the process of independence, Colombian literature was strongly influenced by the political motivations of the moment. The main literary movements were close to Romanticism.

During the nineteenth century, political writing was led by Simón Bolívar. Local journalism was initiated by Antonio Nariño. The Colombian government established the first Academy of Spanish language in the American continent, in 1871.

Other relevant authors were:

Costumbrismo edit

Main article: Costumbrismo § Colombia
 
Las tres tazas by José María Vergara y Vergara

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the main topic in Colombian literature was the colourful depiction of peasant life, tied to strong criticism of society and government. This type of literature was called costumbrista literature. Some of the authors of this period are:

 
María is a novel written by Colombian writer Jorge Isaacs. It is a costumbrist novel representative of the Spanish romantic movement.

Modern literature edit

 
José Eustasio Rivera in 1928, author of La Vorágine, a novel that depicts the brutal slavery of the native American forced to harvest latex from the Para rubber tree.

Modernismo and modernism are reactions against the previous literature of Romanticism. Modernism's main topics are ugliness and mystery. The main modern writers are:

Stone and Sky (Piedra y Cielo) edit

Main article: Stone and Sky (movement)

The industrialization process in Latin America during the twentieth century generated new literary movements such as the poetic movement named “Piedra y cielo” (1939). Its main authors are:

  • Eduardo Carranza
  • Jorge Gaitán Durán
  • Jorge Rojas
  • Arturo Camacho Ramírez
  • Augusto Pinilla

Nothing-ism (Nadaísmo) edit

Main article: Nadaísmo
 
Fernando González in Nevado del Ruiz Snow Mountain in 1929 during the visits that inspired his work "Viaje a pie" ("Trip By Foot"). González is considered one of the most original writers of Colombia during the 20th century. His ideas were controversial and had a great influence in the Colombian society at his time and today. The González work was the inspiration of Nadaism, a literary movement founded by one of his disciples, Gonzalo Arango.

The violent events in Colombia during the 1940s and 1950s, such as La Violencia and the military government of Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, as well as a considerable urban expansion, influenced in the formation of the Nadaísta (Nothing-ist) movement, which was the Colombian expression of numerous avant-garde-like movements in the poetry of the Americas during the 1950s and 60s (such as the *Beat Generation in the United States and the Tzanticos in Ecuador). Nadaísmo included elements of existentialism and nihilism, a dynamic incorporation of city life, and a generally irreverent, iconoclastic flavor. Authors who were part of this movement include:

The Boom edit

 
Yellow butterflies are a distinctive feature in 100 Years of Solitude by Gabriel García Márquez

The Latin American Boom was a prolific period for Colombian literature.

Contemporary authors edit

Disillusioned Generation / Generación Desencantada edit

This generation groups a broad and ambiguous list of writers, poets who began to publish after the Nadaísmo movement (see above) in the 1970s. Poets like Giovanni Quessep, Harold Alvarado Tenorio, Juan Gustavo Cobo Borda, Elkin Restrepo, José Manuel Arango, Darío Jaramillo Agudelo, Augusto Pinilla, María Mercedes Carranza, and Juan Manuel Roca among many others, have been considered part of this generation, although they have differences in style, themes and ideology.

Recent generations edit

Some writers like Cristian Valencia, Alberto Salcedo Ramos and Jorge Enrique Botero, have written literary journalism, close to Gonzo style. In fiction there are authors like Hector Abad Faciolince, Santiago Gamboa, Orlando Echeverri Benedetti, Juan Sebastian Cardenas, Nahum Montt, Miguel Mendoza Luna, Sebastian Pineda Buitrago, Mauricio Loza, Ignacio Arroyave Piedrhíta, Antonio Garcia, Mario Mendoza, James Canon, Ricardo Abdahllah, Juan Pablo Plata, Evelio Rosero Diago, Antonio Ungar, Laura Restrepo, Ruben Varona, William Ospina, David Alberto Campos, Oscar Perdomo Gamboa, Juan Esteban Constain, Juan Álvarez, Andrés Del Castillo, Antonio Iriarte Cadena, Esmir Garcés, Antonieta Villamil, Winston Morales, Efraim Medina Reyes, Ricardo Silva Romero and many others.[8][9][10]

Recent poetry edit

In recent decades, in Colombia there has been a significant number of poets of importance, who deal with urban issues and anti-poetry. Among them are Antonieta Villamil, Andrea Cote, Lucia Estrada, Felipe García Quintero, whose poetry has been recognized internationally.

Poetry edit

 
José Asunción Silva was a Colombian poet. He is considered one of the founders of Spanish–American Modernism.

Children's literature edit

Some of the characters most recognized in Colombian children's literature and the popular imaginary are the stock characters created by Rafael Pombo, which are often found in nursery rhymes, familiar folk tales and in the textbooks for elementary school.

Other important children literature authors are:

  • Jairo Anibal Niño: with his works "La alegria de querer" (The joy of love), "Razzgo, Indo y Zas", "Catalino Bocachica" among others
  • Euclides Jaramillo: with the "Tales of Uncle rabbit"
  • From the 1980s, young adult fiction authors Gloria Cecilia Díaz, Irene Vasco, Evelio José Rosero, Yolanda Reyes and Pilar Lozano introduced new subjects for the genre such as conflict, kidnapping, death and fear.[11]
  • Recent picture book voices include the work of Ivar da Coll, Claudia Rueda, Jairo Buitrago and Rafael Yockteng
  •  

    El renacuajo paseador ("The tripping tadpole", also known as "Rin Rin the tadpole")

  •  

    Pastorcita ("Sheep keeper girl")

  •  

    La pobre Viejecita ("Poor old Lady")

  •  

    Simón el Bobito ("Little dumb Simon")

Historians edit

19th-century

20th-century

References edit

  1. ^ "Colombia." by Robert L. Sims. Concise Encyclopedia of Latin American Literature. London: Routledge, 2000.
  2. ^ Rodríguez-Arenas, F. M. (2006). Bibliografía de la literatura colombiana del siglo XIX: AL. Stockcero, Inc.
  3. ^ Rodríguez-Arenas, F. M. (2006). Bibliografía de la literatura colombiana del siglo XIX: MZ. Stockcero, Inc.
  4. ^ (in Spanish) Antijovio
  5. ^ Graham (1922) page 2
  6. ^ There is considerable disagreement about Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada's birth year and place.
  7. ^ Biblioteca Virtual Luis Ángel Arango. Castillo y Guevara, Francisca Josefa De. Web. 11 September 2012.
  8. ^ . Archived from the original on August 29, 2014. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
  9. ^ . www.semana.com. Archived from the original on July 3, 2011.
  10. ^ Kraul, Chris (June 19, 2011). "Cultural Exchange: Colombian authors consider their country's violence". Los Angeles Times.
  11. ^ . Archived from the original on November 14, 2007. Retrieved March 15, 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

See also edit

December 02, 2023
colombian, literature, this, list, incomplete, help, adding, missing, items, august, 2023, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, r. This list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items August 2023 This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Colombian literature news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2008 Learn how and when to remove this template message Colombian literature as an expression of the culture of Colombia is heterogeneous due to the coexistence of Spanish African and Native American heritages in an extremely diverse geography Five distinct historical and cultural traditions can be identified with their own socioeconomic history the Caribbean coast Greater Antioquia the Cundinamarca Boyaca Highlands Greater Tolima and the Western Valley 1 Colombia produced one of the richest literatures of Latin America as much for its abundance as for its variety and innovation during the 19th and 20th centuries Colombian intellectuals who forged the literature of this period also contributed decisively to the consolidation of Latin American literature 2 3 Contents 1 Conquest and early colonial period 1499 1810 2 Emancipation and national consolidation 1780 1830 3 Costumbrismo 4 Modern literature 5 Stone and Sky Piedra y Cielo 6 Nothing ism Nadaismo 7 The Boom 8 Contemporary authors 9 Disillusioned Generation Generacion Desencantada 10 Recent generations 11 Recent poetry 12 Poetry 13 Children s literature 14 Historians 15 References 16 See alsoConquest and early colonial period 1499 1810 edit nbsp Juan Rodriguez Freyle was an early writer in the New Kingdom of Granada His major work El Carnero is a collection of stories anecdotes and rumours about the early days of colonial Colombia and the demise of the Muisca ConfederationUnder the Spanish Empire major literary topics included conquest narratives chronicles religious devotion and love themes Some of the best known authors of this period are Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada 1496 4 other sources state 1506 or 1509 5 6 Suesca 16 February 1579 First chronicler as he kept diaries of his own conquests main conquistador of large parts of Colombia may have been the partial author of Epitome de la conquista del Nuevo Reino de Granada not published until 1889 his diaries were published in 1576 Juan de Castellanos Alanis Sevilla 9 March 1522 Tunja November 1606 Wrote the longest poem ever in the Spanish language Elegias de varones ilustres de Indias 1589 Pedro Simon San Lorenzo de la Parrilla Spain 1574 Ubate ca 1628 Friar who wrote Noticias historiales de las conquistas de Tierra Firme en las Indias occidentales about the Spanish conquest in 1626 Juan Rodriguez Freyle Bogota 25 April 1566 Bogota 1642 Spanish priest wrote the extensive chronicle of the Spanish conquest of the Muisca El Carnero The Sheep first published in 1638 Hernando Dominguez Camargo Bogota 1606 Tunja 1659 Jesuit priest and writer His work was influenced by the Spanish poet Luis de Gongora in a cultural trend known as the Indias Baroque His most recognized works are Epic Poem to St Ignacio of Loyola and Bouquet of poetic flowers Lucas Fernandez de Piedrahita Bogota 1624 Ciudad de Panama 29 March 1688 Published Historia general de las conquistas del Nuevo Reino de Granada a major work about the Spanish conquest and the indigenous peoples of Colombia in 1676 Francisco Alvarez de Velasco y Zorrilla Bogota 1647 Madrid 1708 His main work was Rhytmica Sacra Moral y Laudatiria His writings show admiration for the work of Francisco de Quevedo and Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz Francisca Josefa de Castillo y Guevara Tunja 1671 Tunja 1742 nun recognized as one of the most important female authors of mysticism for her Afectos espirituales and her Vida memoirs 7 Felipe de Vergara Azcarate 1745 1818 was one of the most notable writers of the Colombian colony wrote more than 42 works including Elements of Natural Philosophy that contain the principles of physics demonstrated by mathematics and confirmed with observations and experiences Elements of Plane Geometry Elements of arithmetic Elements of Astronomy Discourse on the appeal on the royal patronage and Genealogical history of the author s family from the conquest to 1800 and others in different subjects such as philosophy theology literature mathematics Emancipation and national consolidation 1780 1830 edit nbsp The republic forces defeated the Spanish Empire in the Battle of BoyacaDuring the process of independence Colombian literature was strongly influenced by the political motivations of the moment The main literary movements were close to Romanticism During the nineteenth century political writing was led by Simon Bolivar Local journalism was initiated by Antonio Narino The Colombian government established the first Academy of Spanish language in the American continent in 1871 Other relevant authors were Camilo Torres Tenorio Francisco Antonio Zea Jose Fernandez Madrid February 19 1789 June 28 1830 Costumbrismo editMain article Costumbrismo Colombia nbsp Las tres tazas by Jose Maria Vergara y VergaraIn the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the main topic in Colombian literature was the colourful depiction of peasant life tied to strong criticism of society and government This type of literature was called costumbrista literature Some of the authors of this period are Jose Maria Vergara y Vergara Tomas Carrasquilla Adolfo Leon Gomez Jose Maria Cordovez Moure Eustaquio Palacios Jorge Isaacs Julio Arboleda Gregorio Gutierrez Gonzalez Rafael Pombo Soledad Acosta Josefa Acevedo de Gomez Candelario Obeso Manuel Ancizar nbsp Maria is a novel written by Colombian writer Jorge Isaacs It is a costumbrist novel representative of the Spanish romantic movement Modern literature edit nbsp Jose Eustasio Rivera in 1928 author of La Voragine a novel that depicts the brutal slavery of the native American forced to harvest latex from the Para rubber tree Modernismo and modernism are reactions against the previous literature of Romanticism Modernism s main topics are ugliness and mystery The main modern writers are Emilia Ayarza Jose Eustasio Rivera Rafael Maya Leon de Greiff Luis Vidales Luis Carlos Lopez German Arciniegas Porfirio Barba Jacob Jose Maria Vargas VilaStone and Sky Piedra y Cielo editMain article Stone and Sky movement The industrialization process in Latin America during the twentieth century generated new literary movements such as the poetic movement named Piedra y cielo 1939 Its main authors are Eduardo Carranza Jorge Gaitan Duran Jorge Rojas Arturo Camacho Ramirez Augusto PinillaNothing ism Nadaismo editMain article Nadaismo nbsp Fernando Gonzalez in Nevado del Ruiz Snow Mountain in 1929 during the visits that inspired his work Viaje a pie Trip By Foot Gonzalez is considered one of the most original writers of Colombia during the 20th century His ideas were controversial and had a great influence in the Colombian society at his time and today The Gonzalez work was the inspiration of Nadaism a literary movement founded by one of his disciples Gonzalo Arango The violent events in Colombia during the 1940s and 1950s such as La Violencia and the military government of Gustavo Rojas Pinilla as well as a considerable urban expansion influenced in the formation of the Nadaista Nothing ist movement which was the Colombian expression of numerous avant garde like movements in the poetry of the Americas during the 1950s and 60s such as the Beat Generation in the United States and the Tzanticos in Ecuador Nadaismo included elements of existentialism and nihilism a dynamic incorporation of city life and a generally irreverent iconoclastic flavor Authors who were part of this movement include Gonzalo Arango Jotamario Arbelaez Eduardo Escobar Fanny Buitrago Patricia Ariza Jaime Jaramillo EscobarThe Boom edit nbsp Yellow butterflies are a distinctive feature in 100 Years of Solitude by Gabriel Garcia MarquezThe Latin American Boom was a prolific period for Colombian literature Gabriel Garcia Marquez Eduardo Caballero Calderon Manuel Mejia Vallejo Alvaro Mutis Manuel Zapata Olivella Andres Caicedo Alfredo Iriarte German Arciniegas Alvaro Cepeda SamudioContemporary authors editGerman Castro Caycedo Daniel Samper Pizano Fernando Vallejo Laura Restrepo Andres Felipe Solano Juan B Gutierrez Maria Mercedes Carranza German Espinosa David Sanchez Juliao Mario Mendoza Zambrano Hector Abad Faciolince Rafael Chaparro Madiedo Juan Gabriel Vasquez William Ospina Santiago Gamboa Pilar Quintana Emma Reyes Melba Escobar Juan Gossain Juan Cardenas writer Carolina Sanin Giuseppe Caputo Juan Esteban Constain Daniel Ferreira writer Felipe Restrepo Pombo Cristian Romero writer Andres CaicedoDisillusioned Generation Generacion Desencantada editThis generation groups a broad and ambiguous list of writers poets who began to publish after the Nadaismo movement see above in the 1970s Poets like Giovanni Quessep Harold Alvarado Tenorio Juan Gustavo Cobo Borda Elkin Restrepo Jose Manuel Arango Dario Jaramillo Agudelo Augusto Pinilla Maria Mercedes Carranza and Juan Manuel Roca among many others have been considered part of this generation although they have differences in style themes and ideology Recent generations editSome writers like Cristian Valencia Alberto Salcedo Ramos and Jorge Enrique Botero have written literary journalism close to Gonzo style In fiction there are authors like Hector Abad Faciolince Santiago Gamboa Orlando Echeverri Benedetti Juan Sebastian Cardenas Nahum Montt Miguel Mendoza Luna Sebastian Pineda Buitrago Mauricio Loza Ignacio Arroyave Piedrhita Antonio Garcia Mario Mendoza James Canon Ricardo Abdahllah Juan Pablo Plata Evelio Rosero Diago Antonio Ungar Laura Restrepo Ruben Varona William Ospina David Alberto Campos Oscar Perdomo Gamboa Juan Esteban Constain Juan Alvarez Andres Del Castillo Antonio Iriarte Cadena Esmir Garces Antonieta Villamil Winston Morales Efraim Medina Reyes Ricardo Silva Romero and many others 8 9 10 Recent poetry editIn recent decades in Colombia there has been a significant number of poets of importance who deal with urban issues and anti poetry Among them are Antonieta Villamil Andrea Cote Lucia Estrada Felipe Garcia Quintero whose poetry has been recognized internationally Poetry edit nbsp Jose Asuncion Silva was a Colombian poet He is considered one of the founders of Spanish American Modernism Emilia Ayarza Jose Asuncion Silva Porfirio Barba Jacob Piedad Bonnet Antonieta Villamil Jose Fernandez Madrid Jorge Isaacs Rafael Pombo Zacarias Reyan Julio Florez Jose Maria SamperChildren s literature editSome of the characters most recognized in Colombian children s literature and the popular imaginary are the stock characters created by Rafael Pombo which are often found in nursery rhymes familiar folk tales and in the textbooks for elementary school Other important children literature authors are Jairo Anibal Nino with his works La alegria de querer The joy of love Razzgo Indo y Zas Catalino Bocachica among others Euclides Jaramillo with the Tales of Uncle rabbit From the 1980s young adult fiction authors Gloria Cecilia Diaz Irene Vasco Evelio Jose Rosero Yolanda Reyes and Pilar Lozano introduced new subjects for the genre such as conflict kidnapping death and fear 11 Recent picture book voices include the work of Ivar da Coll Claudia Rueda Jairo Buitrago and Rafael Yockteng nbsp El renacuajo paseador The tripping tadpole also known as Rin Rin the tadpole nbsp Pastorcita Sheep keeper girl nbsp La pobre Viejecita Poor old Lady nbsp Simon el Bobito Little dumb Simon Historians edit19th century Soledad Acosta Joaquin Acosta Joaquin Camacho Margarita Diez Colunje y Pombo Jose Maria Samper Manuel Uribe Angel Jose Maria Restrepo Saenz Jose Maria Vergara y Vergara Francisco Javier Vergara y Velasco20th century Jesus Arango Cano German Arciniegas Gustavo Bell Nestor Botero Goldsworthy Marianne Cardale de Schrimpff Gonzalo Correal Urrego Juan Friede Jorge Gamboa Mendoza Gabriel Giraldo Zuluaga Camilo Gonzalez Ana Maria Groot Fernando Guillen Martinez Jaime Jaramillo Uribe Antonio Caballero Holguin Alberto Quijano Guerrero Miguel Triana Helwar FigueroaReferences edit Colombia by Robert L Sims Concise Encyclopedia of Latin American Literature London Routledge 2000 Rodriguez Arenas F M 2006 Bibliografia de la literatura colombiana del siglo XIX AL Stockcero Inc Rodriguez Arenas F M 2006 Bibliografia de la literatura colombiana del siglo XIX MZ Stockcero Inc in Spanish Antijovio Graham 1922 page 2 There is considerable disagreement about Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada s birth year and place Biblioteca Virtual Luis Angel Arango Castillo y Guevara Francisca Josefa De Web 11 September 2012 Literary Cartagena Hay Festival Archived from the original on August 29 2014 Retrieved June 28 2011 The Hay Festival in Colombia An international literary and political gathering Articulo OnLine www semana com Archived from the original on July 3 2011 Kraul Chris June 19 2011 Cultural Exchange Colombian authors consider their country s violence Los Angeles Times Ciudad Viva Archived from the original on November 14 2007 Retrieved March 15 2011 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link See also editList of Colombian writers Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Colombian literature amp oldid 1187595083, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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