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Closed-cycle gas turbine

January 31, 2023

For turbines powered by the internal combustion of fuel, see Gas turbine.
Not to be confused with Combined-cycle gas turbine.

A closed-cycle gas turbine is a turbine that uses a gas (e.g. air, nitrogen, helium, argon,[1][2] etc.) for the working fluid as part of a closed thermodynamic system. Heat is supplied from an external source.[3] Such recirculating turbines follow the Brayton cycle.[4][5]

Closed-cycle gas turbine schematic

C compressor and T turbine assembly
w high-temperature heat exchanger
ʍ low-temperature heat exchanger
~ mechanical load, e.g. electric generator

Background

The initial patent for a closed-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) was issued in 1935 and they were first used commercially in 1939.[3] Seven CCGT units were built in Switzerland and Germany by 1978.[2] Historically, CCGTs found most use as external combustion engines "with fuels such as bituminous coal, brown coal and blast furnace gas" but were superseded by open cycle gas turbines using cleaner-burning fuels (e.g. "gas or light oil"), especially in highly efficient combined cycle systems.[3] Air-based CCGT systems have demonstrated very high availability and reliability.[6] The most notable helium-based system thus far was Oberhausen 2, a 50 megawatt cogeneration plant that operated from 1975 to 1987 in Germany.[7] Compared to Europe where the technology was originally developed, CCGT is not well known in the US.[8]

Nuclear power

Gas-cooled reactors powering helium-based closed-cycle gas turbines were suggested in 1945.[8] The experimental ML-1 nuclear reactor in the early-1960s used a nitrogen-based CCGT operating at 0.9 MPa.[9] The cancelled pebble bed modular reactor was intended to be coupled with a helium CCGT.[10] Future nuclear (Generation IV reactors) may employ CCGT for power generation,[3] e.g. Flibe Energy intends to produce a liquid fluoride thorium reactor coupled with a CCGT.[11]

Development

Closed-cycle gas turbines hold promise for use with future high temperature solar power[3] and fusion power[2] generation.

They have also been proposed as a technology for use in long-term space exploration.[12]

Supercritical carbon dioxide closed-cycle gas turbines are under development; "The main advantage of the supercritical CO2 cycle is comparable efficiency with the helium Brayton cycle at significantly lower temperature" (550 °C vs. 850 °C), but with the disadvantage of higher pressure (20 MPa vs. 8 MPa).[13] Sandia National Laboratories has a goal of developing a 10 MWe supercritical CO2 demonstration CCGT by 2019.[14]

See also

References

  1. ^ Nitrogen or Air Versus Helium for Nuclear Closed Cycle Gas Turbines | Atomic Insights
  2. ^ a b c (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 June 2010. Retrieved 10 June 2012.
  3. ^ a b c d e Frutschi, Hans Ulrich (2005). . ASME Press. ISBN 0-7918-0226-4. Archived from the original on 21 December 2011. Retrieved 7 December 2011. Note: front matter (including preface and introduction; PDF link) is open access.
  4. ^ Thermodynamics and Propulsion: Brayton Cycle
  5. ^ A REVIEW OF HELIUM GAS TURBINE TECHNOLOGY FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE GAS-COOLED REACTORS 26 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ Keller, C. (1978). "Forty years of experience on closed-cycle gas turbines". Annals of Nuclear Energy. 5 (8–10): 405–422. doi:10.1016/0306-4549(78)90021-X.
  7. ^ "Nuclear Power: Small modular reactors". Power Engineering. 7 June 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2012.[permanent dead link]
  8. ^ a b McDonald, C. F. (2012). "Helium turbomachinery operating experience from gas turbine power plants and test facilities". Applied Thermal Engineering. 44: 108–181. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.02.041.
  9. ^ . Archived from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 6 June 2012.
  10. ^ IAEA Technical Committee Meeting on "Gas Turbine Power Conversion Systems for Modular HTGRs"[permanent dead link], held from 14–16 November 2000 in Palo Alto, California. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria). Technical Working Group on Gas-Cooled Reactors. IAEA-TECDOC--1238, pp:102-113[permanent dead link]
  11. ^ Introduction to Flibe Energy: YouTube Video (~20 min) and PDF 5 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine of slides used
  12. ^ Introduction to Gas Turbines for Non-Engineers (see page 5)
  13. ^ V. Dostal, M.J. Driscoll, P. Hejzlar, (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 December 2010. Retrieved 7 December 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) MIT-ANP-Series, MIT-ANP-TR-100 (2004)
  14. ^ Sandia National Laboratories: Supercritical CO2-Brayton Cycle

External links

January 31, 2023
closed, cycle, turbine, turbines, powered, internal, combustion, fuel, turbine, confused, with, combined, cycle, turbine, closed, cycle, turbine, turbine, that, uses, nitrogen, helium, argon, working, fluid, part, closed, thermodynamic, system, heat, supplied,. For turbines powered by the internal combustion of fuel see Gas turbine Not to be confused with Combined cycle gas turbine A closed cycle gas turbine is a turbine that uses a gas e g air nitrogen helium argon 1 2 etc for the working fluid as part of a closed thermodynamic system Heat is supplied from an external source 3 Such recirculating turbines follow the Brayton cycle 4 5 Closed cycle gas turbine schematicC compressor and T turbine assemblyw high temperature heat exchangerʍ low temperature heat exchanger mechanical load e g electric generator Contents 1 Background 2 Nuclear power 3 Development 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksBackground EditThe initial patent for a closed cycle gas turbine CCGT was issued in 1935 and they were first used commercially in 1939 3 Seven CCGT units were built in Switzerland and Germany by 1978 2 Historically CCGTs found most use as external combustion engines with fuels such as bituminous coal brown coal and blast furnace gas but were superseded by open cycle gas turbines using cleaner burning fuels e g gas or light oil especially in highly efficient combined cycle systems 3 Air based CCGT systems have demonstrated very high availability and reliability 6 The most notable helium based system thus far was Oberhausen 2 a 50 megawatt cogeneration plant that operated from 1975 to 1987 in Germany 7 Compared to Europe where the technology was originally developed CCGT is not well known in the US 8 Nuclear power EditGas cooled reactors powering helium based closed cycle gas turbines were suggested in 1945 8 The experimental ML 1 nuclear reactor in the early 1960s used a nitrogen based CCGT operating at 0 9 MPa 9 The cancelled pebble bed modular reactor was intended to be coupled with a helium CCGT 10 Future nuclear Generation IV reactors may employ CCGT for power generation 3 e g Flibe Energy intends to produce a liquid fluoride thorium reactor coupled with a CCGT 11 Development EditClosed cycle gas turbines hold promise for use with future high temperature solar power 3 and fusion power 2 generation They have also been proposed as a technology for use in long term space exploration 12 Supercritical carbon dioxide closed cycle gas turbines are under development The main advantage of the supercritical CO2 cycle is comparable efficiency with the helium Brayton cycle at significantly lower temperature 550 C vs 850 C but with the disadvantage of higher pressure 20 MPa vs 8 MPa 13 Sandia National Laboratories has a goal of developing a 10 MWe supercritical CO2 demonstration CCGT by 2019 14 See also EditAircraft Nuclear Propulsion Stirling engineReferences Edit Nitrogen or Air Versus Helium for Nuclear Closed Cycle Gas Turbines Atomic Insights a b c AN ASSESSMENT OF THE BRAYTON CYCLE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE POWER PLANTS PDF Archived from the original PDF on 29 June 2010 Retrieved 10 June 2012 a b c d e Frutschi Hans Ulrich 2005 Closed Cycle Gas Turbines ASME Press ISBN 0 7918 0226 4 Archived from the original on 21 December 2011 Retrieved 7 December 2011 Note front matter including preface and introduction PDF link is open access Thermodynamics and Propulsion Brayton Cycle A REVIEW OF HELIUM GAS TURBINE TECHNOLOGY FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE GAS COOLED REACTORS Archived 26 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine Keller C 1978 Forty years of experience on closed cycle gas turbines Annals of Nuclear Energy 5 8 10 405 422 doi 10 1016 0306 4549 78 90021 X Nuclear Power Small modular reactors Power Engineering 7 June 2012 Retrieved 7 June 2012 permanent dead link a b McDonald C F 2012 Helium turbomachinery operating experience from gas turbine power plants and test facilities Applied Thermal Engineering 44 108 181 doi 10 1016 j applthermaleng 2012 02 041 ML 1 Mobile Power System Reactor in a Box Atomic Insights Archived from the original on 22 July 2012 Retrieved 6 June 2012 IAEA Technical Committee Meeting on Gas Turbine Power Conversion Systems for Modular HTGRs permanent dead link held from 14 16 November 2000 in Palo Alto California International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna Austria Technical Working Group on Gas Cooled Reactors IAEA TECDOC 1238 pp 102 113 permanent dead link Introduction to Flibe Energy YouTube Video 20 min and PDF Archived 5 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine of slides used Introduction to Gas Turbines for Non Engineers see page 5 V Dostal M J Driscoll P Hejzlar Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 27 December 2010 Retrieved 7 December 2011 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link MIT ANP Series MIT ANP TR 100 2004 Sandia National Laboratories Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle http www appliedthermalfluids com home brands manufacturers exxonmobil aviation jet oils mobil jet oils permanent dead link External links EditUS Patent 5309492 Control for a closed cycle gas turbine system Industrial Closed cycle Gas Turbines for Conventional and Nuclear Fuel 1967 Brayton Lab on YouTube at Sandia National Laboratories 2014 Aviation Jet Oils permanent dead link Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Closed cycle gas turbine amp oldid 1083228148, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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