Clifton Chenier
Clifton Chenier (June 25, 1925 – December 12, 1987),[1][2] was an American Creole musician known as a pioneer of zydeco, a style of music which arose from Creole music, with R&B, blues, and Cajun influences. He sang and played the accordion and won a Grammy Award in 1983.[1]
Clifton Chenier | |
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Chenier Brothers performing at Jay's Lounge and Cockpit, Cankton, Louisiana, Mardi Gras, 1975 Clifton Chenier on accordion, brother Cleveland on washboard and John Hart on tenor saxophone. | |
| Background information | |
| Born | June 25, 1925 Opelousas, Louisiana, U.S. |
| Died | December 12, 1987 (aged 62) Lafayette, Louisiana |
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| Years active | 1954–1987 |
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He was known as the King of Zydeco,[1][2][3] and also billed as the King of the South.[4]
Biography
Chenier was a native of Leonville, Louisiana,[5] near Opelousas. He spoke Louisiana French as a first language.
Chenier began his recording career in 1954, when he signed with Elko Records and released Cliston's Blues [sic], a regional success. In 1955 he signed with Specialty Records and garnered his first national hit with his label debut "Ay-Tete Fi" (Hey, Little Girl) (a cover of Professor Longhair's song).[1] The national success of the release led to numerous tours with popular rhythm and blues performers such as Ray Charles, Etta James, and Lowell Fulson. He also toured in the early days with Clarence Garlow, billed as the Two Crazy Frenchmen.[6] Chenier was signed with Chess Records in Chicago, followed by the Arhoolie label.
In April 1966, Chenier appeared at the Berkeley Blues Festival on the University of California campus and was subsequently described by Ralph J. Gleason, jazz critic of the San Francisco Chronicle, as "... one of the most surprising musicians I have heard in some time, with a marvelously moving style of playing the accordion ... blues accordion, that's right, blues accordion."[7]
Chenier was the first act to play at Antone's, a blues club on Sixth Street in Austin, Texas. Later in 1976, he reached a national audience when he appeared on the premiere season of the PBS music program Austin City Limits.[8] Three years later in 1979 he returned to the show with his Red Hot Louisiana Band.[9]
Chenier's popularity peaked in the 1980s, and he was recognized with a Grammy Award in 1983 for his album I'm Here.[1] It was the first Grammy for his new label Alligator Records. Chenier followed Queen Ida as the second Louisiana Creole to win a Grammy.
Chenier is credited with redesigning the wood and crimped tin washboard into the vest frottoir, an instrument that would easily hang from the shoulders. Cleveland Chenier, Clifton's older brother, also played in the Red Hot Louisiana Band. He found popularity for his ability to manipulate the distinctive sound of the frottoir by rubbing several bottle openers (held in each hand) along its ridges.
During their prime, Chenier and his band traveled throughout the world.
Later years and death
Chenier suffered from diabetes which eventually forced him to have a foot amputated and required dialysis because of associated kidney problems.[1]
He died of diabetes-related kidney disease in December 1987 in Lafayette, Louisiana.[2] His funeral took place at Immaculate Heart of Mary Church in Lafayette.[10]
Legacy and tributes
Since 1987, his son C. J. Chenier (born Clayton Joseph Thompson) has carried on the zydeco tradition by touring with Chenier's band and recording albums.[11][12]
Rory Gallagher wrote a song in tribute to Chenier entitled "The King of Zydeco". Paul Simon mentioned Chenier in his song "That Was Your Mother", from his 1986 album Graceland, calling him the "King of the Bayou." Sonny Landreth recalls growing up on the rhythm of Clifton and Cleveland and the Red Hot Louisiana Band in South of I-10, songtitle and name of the album released in 1995. John Mellencamp refers to "Clifton" in his song "Lafayette", about the Louisiana city where Chenier often performed. The song is on Mellencamp's 2003 album Trouble No More. Zachary Richard mentioned Chenier in his song "Clif's Zydeco" (on Richard's 2012 album Le Fou). The Squeezebox Stompers' "Zydeco Train" says, "Clifton Chenier, he's the engineer."
The jam band Phish often covers Chenier's song "My Soul" in live performances.[13]
Chenier is the subject of Les Blank's 1973 documentary film, Hot Pepper.
Awards and honors
Chenier was a recipient of a 1984 National Heritage Fellowship awarded by the National Endowment for the Arts,[14] which is the United States government's highest honor in the folk and traditional arts.
He was inducted posthumously into the Blues Hall of Fame in 1989,[4] and the Louisiana Music Hall of Fame in 2011.
In 2014, he was a recipient of the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.[15]
In 2015, the Library of Congress deemed Chenier's album Bogalusa Boogie to be "culturally, historically, or artistically significant" and selected it for preservation in the National Recording Registry.
Partial discography
- Cliston's Blues (Elko Records), 1954
- Ay-Tete Fi (Specialty Records), 1955
- Louisiana Blues & Zydeco (Arhoolie Records), 1965
- Bon Ton Roulet ! (Arhoolie), 1967
- Bogalusa Boogie (Arhoolie), 1975
- Frenchin' the Boogie (Blue Star), 1976
- Boogie in Black and White (with swamp pop musician Rod Bernard, Jin Records), 1976
- Red Hot Louisiana Band (Arhoolie), 1977
- New Orleans (GNP Crescendo Records GNP 2119) 1978
- Boogie & Zydeco (Sonet Records SNTF 801), 1979
- I'm Here (Alligator Records), 1982
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f Craig Harris. "Clifton Chenier". Allmusic. Retrieved December 9, 2011.
- ^ a b c Talevski, Nick. (2006). Knocking on Heaven's Door: Rock Obituaries. Omnibus Press. p. 79. ISBN 1846090911.
- ^ Fry, Macon & Julie Posner. (1992). Cajun Country Guide: 2nd Edition. Pelican Publishing Company. p. 235. ISBN 1565543378.
- ^ a b "Clifton Chenier". blues.org. Archived from the original on April 14, 2013. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
- ^ Tomko, Gene (2020). Encyclopedia of Louisiana Musicians: Jazz, Blues, Cajun, Creole, Zydeco, Swamp Pop, and Gospel. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. p. 70. ISBN 9780807169322.
- ^ "Clarence Garlow". Yee.ch. Retrieved December 9, 2011.
- ^ Chris Strachwitz (1967), sleeve notes to "Bon Ton Roulet", Arhoolie Records, F 1031, 1967.
- ^ "Austin City Limits | Watch Online | PBS Video". Pbs.org. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
- ^ "Austin City Limits | Watch Online | PBS Video". Pbs.org. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
- ^ Van Matre, Lynn (August 30, 1998). "Snappy Beat". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved July 11, 2022.
- ^ "Austin City Limits | Watch Online | PBS Video". Pbs.org. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
- ^ . Cvsmusic.org. Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
- ^ "My Soul has not been seen in 10 Phish shows". Phish.net. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
- ^ . www.arts.gov. National Endowment for the Arts. Archived from the original on August 10, 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2020.
- ^ "Artist: Clifton Chenier". www.grammy.com. Recording Academy. 2019. Retrieved March 26, 2019.
External links
- Hot Pepper at IMDb
- Zydeco Cajun Music & Dance – Historical