fbpx
Wikipedia

Cleopatra V

March 12, 2024

This article is about Cleopatra V Tryphaena. For Cleopatra V Selene, see Cleopatra Selene of Syria.

Cleopatra V (Greek: Κλεοπάτρα Τρύφαινα; died c. 69–68 BC or c. 57 BC) was a Ptolemaic Queen of Egypt. She is the only surely attested wife of Ptolemy XII. Her only known child is Berenice IV, but she was also probably the mother of Cleopatra VII. It is unclear if she died around the time of Cleopatra VII's birth in 69 BC, or if it was her or a daughter named Cleopatra VI who co-ruled Ptolemaic Egypt with Berenice IV in 58–57 BC during the political exile of Ptolemy XII to Rome. No written records about Cleopatra V exist after 57 BC and two years later Berenice IV was overthrown by Ptolemy XII, his throne restored with Roman military aid.

Cleopatra V of Egypt
Cleopatra V Tryphaena
A likely sculpture of Cleopatra V Tryphaena (also known as Cleopatra VI), 1st century BC, from Lower Egypt, now in the Musée Saint-Raymond[1]
Pharaoh
Reign79–69 BC with Ptolemy XII (as Cleopatra V)
58–57 with Berenice IV (possibly as Cleopatra VI)
PredecessorPtolemy XII
SuccessorBerenice IV
Royal titulary
ConsortPtolemy XII
ChildrenKnown:
Berenice IV
Probably:
Cleopatra VII
Possibly:
Cleopatra Tryphaena II
Arsinoe IV
Ptolemy XIII
Ptolemy XIV
FatherUncertain:
Ptolemy IX
or Ptolemy X
MotherUncertain:
Cleopatra IV or Berenice III
Born95BCE
Diedc. 69–68 BC (as Cleopatra V) or c. 57 BC (possibly as Cleopatra VI)

Descent and marriage edit

Because of the poor body of source material Cleopatra V is a very obscure member of the Ptolemaic dynasty. Only a few ascertained facts about her are known. Many aspects of her life are the subject of controversial theories.[2] In all known ancient sources she is given the byname Tryphaena. She may have borne this name before accession to the throne when she assumed the traditional royal name Cleopatra.[3] In some modern specialist literature Cleopatra Tryphaena, wife of Ptolemy XII, is referred to as Cleopatra VI.[4] The historian of classical antiquity Werner Huß refers to her as Cleopatra VII Tryphaena.[5]

The parentage of Cleopatra V is not recorded. She may have been a legitimate or illegitimate daughter of Ptolemy IX[6][7][8] or the legitimate daughter of Ptolemy X.[9] It is mentioned that in 88 BC, Ptolemy X Alexander fled Egypt with his wife Berenice III and his daughter. Cleopatra Tryphaena might be this unnamed daughter.[10]

Cleopatra V is first mentioned in 79 BC in two papyri. One of these papyri dates from January 17, 79 BC.[11] In that year she married Ptolemy XII, king of Egypt. They received divine worship as theoí Philopátores kai Philádelphoi (father-, brother- and sister-loving gods).[12] Cleopatra’s Egyptian titles, found primarily at Edfu and Philae, include Daughter of Re, Female Ruler, and Mistress of Two Lands.[13]

Death and identity edit

It is unclear how long Cleopatra V lived, and with which mentions of Cleopatra Tryphaena in the historical record she should be identified, as the numbering used to distinguish the Ptolemies is a modern invention. Cleopatra Tryphaena V vanished around the time Cleopatra VII was born (69 BC): her name begins to disappear from monuments and papyri, and there is a papyrus of Ptolemy XII from 69 BC that does not mention her but would be expected to do so had she still been alive.[14]

There is some indication that Cleopatra may have died in 69 BC — she may have died in childbirth or was possibly murdered. Should she really have died that early, then the Cleopatra Tryphaena who is mentioned — after the expulsion of Ptolemy XII — as co-ruler of Egypt (together with Berenice IV) in 58 and 57 BC, and died around 57 BC, must be her daughter, numbered by some historians as Cleopatra VI Tryphaena. This is also supported by Porphyry.[15][16]

On the other hand, there is a dedication on the Temple of Edfu from December 5, 57 BC that inscribes Cleopatra Tryphaena's name alongside Ptolemy XII's (who however was not present in Egypt at that time), which would have meant the king's wife rather than daughter and would be unlikely had Ptolemy XII's wife really died already twelve years earlier. Thus some, though not all, modern historians[17] consider Cleopatra V to be identical with the purported Cleopatra VI Tryphaena, and have her living to c. 57 BC. This would comport with the account by Strabo,[18] who reports Ptolemy XII to have had only three daughters; these can reliably be identified as Berenice IV, Cleopatra VII, and Arsinoe IV as the king's daughters, so that there would not be left any room for a Cleopatra VI.[16] Werner Huss assumes, that quarrels erupted between Cleopatra V and Ptolemy XII in 69 BC and that as a result of these disputes Cleopatra V fell in disgrace and was compelled to resign.[19]

Cleopatra V was probably the mother of Cleopatra VII.[6][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Michael Grant comes to the conclusion that "on the whole" it seems most likely Cleopatra V was the mother of Cleopatra VII, noting that had Cleopatra VII been illegitimate, her "numerous Roman enemies would have revealed this to the world." He continues we should rule out the hypothesis Cleopatra VII was conceived by Ptolemy XII's second wife-to-be while Cleopatra V was on the scene, and that if this unknown second wife would have been Cleopatra VII's mother and later made "queen legitimized", Cleopatra VII would still have been considered a bastard and "her Roman foes would not have missed the hint."[6] Duane W. Roller speculates that Cleopatra could have been the daughter of a theoretical half-Macedonian-Greek, half-Egyptian woman belonging to a family of priests dedicated to Ptah and was "only technically illegitimate" (however, he contends that whatever Cleopatra's ancestry, she valued her Greek Ptolemaic heritage the most), but notes if this unknown woman was not Cleopatra's mother, then Cleopatra V would be her mother. [28] Part of his argument is based on Strabo's mention of Ptolemy XII's having only three daughters, Berenice being the only legitimate one.[28] But as Grant notes that, of all the attacks on Cleopatra VII, her being illegitimate is not among them, and that it is only mentioned in a casual statement by Strabo.[6]

Most scholars agree that Berenice IV was a daughter of Cleopatra V. A different wife of Ptolemy XII may have been the mother of the younger siblings of Cleopatra VII, that is Arsinoe IV, Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy XIV.[29] However, Christopher Bennett thinks that Cleopatra V was the mother of all known children of Ptolemy XII.[30] In 55 BC, upon his return to Egypt from exile with Roman military aid, Ptolemy XII had his rival daughter Berenice IV executed for usurping his throne.[31]

Notes edit

  1. ^ "Portrait féminin (mère de Cléopâtre ?)" (in French). Musée Saint-Raymond. from the original on 2015-09-20. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
  2. ^ Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones: Cleopatra VI Tryphaina. In: Roger S. Bagnall et al.: The Encyclopedia of Ancient History. Wiley-Blackwell, Malden (MA) 2013, ISBN 9781405179355, vol. 3, p. 1568.
  3. ^ Christopher Bennett: Cleopatra V., note 1.
  4. ^ Dodson, Aidan and Hilton, Dyan. The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson. 2004. ISBN 0-500-05128-3
  5. ^ Werner Huß, Ägypten in hellenistischer Zeit (Egypt in Hellenistic times). C. H. Beck, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-406-47154-4, p. 674 and passim.
  6. ^ a b c d Grant (1972), p. 4.
  7. ^ Werner Huß, Ägypten in hellenistischer Zeit, p. 674-675 with note 16 (who considers it probable, that Cleopatra V was the full sister of Ptolemy XII).
  8. ^ Watterson (2020), p. 40.
  9. ^ "Ptolemaic Dynasty – Cleopatra V Tryphaena". www.tyndalehouse.com.
  10. ^ Christopher Bennett: Cleopatra V., note 5.
  11. ^ Friedrich Preisigke, Wilhelm Spiegelberg: Prinz Joachim-Ostraka. Nr. 1 (= Sammelbuch griechischer Urkunden aus Ägypten (SB). Bd. 3, Nr. 6027).
  12. ^ Whitehorne, pp. 177–178; W. Huß, p. 674-675
  13. ^ Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones: Cleopatra VI Tryphaina. In: Roger S. Bagnall et al.: The Encyclopedia of Ancient History, vol. 3, p. 1569.
  14. ^ She is lastly mentioned in a monument dated on August 8, 69 BC (Wilhelm Dittenberger In: Orientis Graeci inscriptiones selectae. (OGIS) I 185), but her name is already missing in a record dated on November 1, 69 BC (Christopher Bennett: Cleopatra V., note 11).
  15. ^ Felix Jacoby, Fragmente der griechischen Historiker, no. 260 F 2, 14
  16. ^ a b Whitehorne, p. 182
  17. ^ e. g. W. Huß, Ägypten in hellenistischer Zeit (Egypt in Hellenistic times). C. H. Beck, Munich 2001, p. 679
  18. ^ Geographica 17.1.11, p. 796
  19. ^ Werner Huß, Ägypten in hellenistischer Zeit, p. 679.
  20. ^ Preston (2009), p. 22.
  21. ^ Jones (2006), p. xiii.
  22. ^ Schiff (2011), p. 28.
  23. ^ Tyldesley (2008), p. 40, 235-236.
  24. ^ Kleiner (2005), p. 22.
  25. ^ Meadows (2001), p. 23.
  26. ^ Bennett 1997, p. 60-63.
  27. ^ Bianchi (2005).
  28. ^ a b Roller (2010), pp. 15, 18, 166.
  29. ^ This assumes e. g. Christoph Schäfer: Kleopatra. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 2006, ISBN 3-534-15418-5, p. 18
  30. ^ Christopher Bennett: Cleopatra V., note 17 and 18.
  31. ^ Roller (2010), pp. 25–26.

References edit

  • Bennett, Christopher J. (1997). "Cleopatra V Tryphæna and the Genealogy of the Later Ptolemies". Ancient Society. 28: 39–66. doi:10.2143/AS.28.0.630068. ISSN 0066-1619. JSTOR 44079777. (registration required)
  • Bianchi, Steven (2005). "Cleopatra VII". The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press.
  • Grant, Michael (1972), Cleopatra, Edison, NJ: Barnes and Noble Books, pp. 4, 5, ISBN 978-0880297257.
  • Jones, Prudence J. (2006), Cleopatra: a sourcebook, Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, ISBN 9780806137414.
  • Kleiner, Diana E. E. (2005), Cleopatra and Rome, Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, ISBN 9780674019058.
  • Meadows, Andrew (2001), "Sins of the fathers; the inheritance of Cleopatra, last queen of Egypt", in Walker, Susan; Higgs, Peter (eds.), Cleopatra of Egypt: from History to Myth, Princeton, NJ: British Museum Press), pp. 14–31, ISBN 978-0714119434
  • Preston, Diana (2009), Cleopatra and Antony, New York: Walker & Company, ISBN 978-0802710598.
  • Roller, Duane W. (2010), Cleopatra: a biography, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780195365535.
  • Schiff, Stacy (2011), Cleopatra: A Life, UK: Random House, ISBN 978-0316001946.
  • Tyldesley, Joyce (2008), Cleopatra, Last Queen of Egypt, Profile Books Ltd
  • Watterson, Barbara (2020). Cleopatra: Fact and Fiction. Amberley Publishing. ISBN 978-1-445-66965-6.
  • Whitehorne, John (1994). Cleopatras. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-05806-6.

External links edit

Cleopatra V
Born: ca. 95 BC Died: ca. 69/68-57 BC
Regnal titles
Preceded by Pharaoh of Egypt
79 BC–68 BC
with Ptolemy XII 		Succeeded by

March 12, 2024
cleopatra, this, article, about, tryphaena, selene, cleopatra, selene, syria, greek, Κλεοπάτρα, Τρύφαινα, died, ptolemaic, queen, egypt, only, surely, attested, wife, ptolemy, only, known, child, berenice, also, probably, mother, unclear, died, around, time, b. This article is about Cleopatra V Tryphaena For Cleopatra V Selene see Cleopatra Selene of Syria Cleopatra V Greek Kleopatra Tryfaina died c 69 68 BC or c 57 BC was a Ptolemaic Queen of Egypt She is the only surely attested wife of Ptolemy XII Her only known child is Berenice IV but she was also probably the mother of Cleopatra VII It is unclear if she died around the time of Cleopatra VII s birth in 69 BC or if it was her or a daughter named Cleopatra VI who co ruled Ptolemaic Egypt with Berenice IV in 58 57 BC during the political exile of Ptolemy XII to Rome No written records about Cleopatra V exist after 57 BC and two years later Berenice IV was overthrown by Ptolemy XII his throne restored with Roman military aid Cleopatra V of EgyptCleopatra V TryphaenaA likely sculpture of Cleopatra V Tryphaena also known as Cleopatra VI 1st century BC from Lower Egypt now in the Musee Saint Raymond 1 PharaohQueen of the Ptolemaic KingdomReign79 69 BC with Ptolemy XII as Cleopatra V 58 57 with Berenice IV possibly as Cleopatra VI PredecessorPtolemy XIISuccessorBerenice IVRoyal titularyConsortPtolemy XIIChildrenKnown Berenice IVProbably Cleopatra VIIPossibly Cleopatra Tryphaena IIArsinoe IVPtolemy XIIIPtolemy XIVFatherUncertain Ptolemy IX or Ptolemy XMotherUncertain Cleopatra IV or Berenice IIIBorn95BCEDiedc 69 68 BC as Cleopatra V or c 57 BC possibly as Cleopatra VI Contents 1 Descent and marriage 2 Death and identity 3 Notes 4 References 5 External linksDescent and marriage editBecause of the poor body of source material Cleopatra V is a very obscure member of the Ptolemaic dynasty Only a few ascertained facts about her are known Many aspects of her life are the subject of controversial theories 2 In all known ancient sources she is given the byname Tryphaena She may have borne this name before accession to the throne when she assumed the traditional royal name Cleopatra 3 In some modern specialist literature Cleopatra Tryphaena wife of Ptolemy XII is referred to as Cleopatra VI 4 The historian of classical antiquity Werner Huss refers to her as Cleopatra VII Tryphaena 5 The parentage of Cleopatra V is not recorded She may have been a legitimate or illegitimate daughter of Ptolemy IX 6 7 8 or the legitimate daughter of Ptolemy X 9 It is mentioned that in 88 BC Ptolemy X Alexander fled Egypt with his wife Berenice III and his daughter Cleopatra Tryphaena might be this unnamed daughter 10 Cleopatra V is first mentioned in 79 BC in two papyri One of these papyri dates from January 17 79 BC 11 In that year she married Ptolemy XII king of Egypt They received divine worship as theoi Philopatores kai Philadelphoi father brother and sister loving gods 12 Cleopatra s Egyptian titles found primarily at Edfu and Philae include Daughter of Re Female Ruler and Mistress of Two Lands 13 Death and identity editIt is unclear how long Cleopatra V lived and with which mentions of Cleopatra Tryphaena in the historical record she should be identified as the numbering used to distinguish the Ptolemies is a modern invention Cleopatra Tryphaena V vanished around the time Cleopatra VII was born 69 BC her name begins to disappear from monuments and papyri and there is a papyrus of Ptolemy XII from 69 BC that does not mention her but would be expected to do so had she still been alive 14 There is some indication that Cleopatra may have died in 69 BC she may have died in childbirth or was possibly murdered Should she really have died that early then the Cleopatra Tryphaena who is mentioned after the expulsion of Ptolemy XII as co ruler of Egypt together with Berenice IV in 58 and 57 BC and died around 57 BC must be her daughter numbered by some historians as Cleopatra VI Tryphaena This is also supported by Porphyry 15 16 On the other hand there is a dedication on the Temple of Edfu from December 5 57 BC that inscribes Cleopatra Tryphaena s name alongside Ptolemy XII s who however was not present in Egypt at that time which would have meant the king s wife rather than daughter and would be unlikely had Ptolemy XII s wife really died already twelve years earlier Thus some though not all modern historians 17 consider Cleopatra V to be identical with the purported Cleopatra VI Tryphaena and have her living to c 57 BC This would comport with the account by Strabo 18 who reports Ptolemy XII to have had only three daughters these can reliably be identified as Berenice IV Cleopatra VII and Arsinoe IV as the king s daughters so that there would not be left any room for a Cleopatra VI 16 Werner Huss assumes that quarrels erupted between Cleopatra V and Ptolemy XII in 69 BC and that as a result of these disputes Cleopatra V fell in disgrace and was compelled to resign 19 Cleopatra V was probably the mother of Cleopatra VII 6 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Michael Grant comes to the conclusion that on the whole it seems most likely Cleopatra V was the mother of Cleopatra VII noting that had Cleopatra VII been illegitimate her numerous Roman enemies would have revealed this to the world He continues we should rule out the hypothesis Cleopatra VII was conceived by Ptolemy XII s second wife to be while Cleopatra V was on the scene and that if this unknown second wife would have been Cleopatra VII s mother and later made queen legitimized Cleopatra VII would still have been considered a bastard and her Roman foes would not have missed the hint 6 Duane W Roller speculates that Cleopatra could have been the daughter of a theoretical half Macedonian Greek half Egyptian woman belonging to a family of priests dedicated to Ptah and was only technically illegitimate however he contends that whatever Cleopatra s ancestry she valued her Greek Ptolemaic heritage the most but notes if this unknown woman was not Cleopatra s mother then Cleopatra V would be her mother 28 Part of his argument is based on Strabo s mention of Ptolemy XII s having only three daughters Berenice being the only legitimate one 28 But as Grant notes that of all the attacks on Cleopatra VII her being illegitimate is not among them and that it is only mentioned in a casual statement by Strabo 6 Most scholars agree that Berenice IV was a daughter of Cleopatra V A different wife of Ptolemy XII may have been the mother of the younger siblings of Cleopatra VII that is Arsinoe IV Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy XIV 29 However Christopher Bennett thinks that Cleopatra V was the mother of all known children of Ptolemy XII 30 In 55 BC upon his return to Egypt from exile with Roman military aid Ptolemy XII had his rival daughter Berenice IV executed for usurping his throne 31 Notes edit Portrait feminin mere de Cleopatre in French Musee Saint Raymond Archived from the original on 2015 09 20 Retrieved 29 July 2021 Lloyd Llewellyn Jones Cleopatra VI Tryphaina In Roger S Bagnall et al The Encyclopedia of Ancient History Wiley Blackwell Malden MA 2013 ISBN 9781405179355 vol 3 p 1568 Christopher Bennett Cleopatra V note 1 Dodson Aidan and Hilton Dyan The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt Thames amp Hudson 2004 ISBN 0 500 05128 3 Werner Huss Agypten in hellenistischer Zeit Egypt in Hellenistic times C H Beck Munich 2001 ISBN 3 406 47154 4 p 674 and passim a b c d Grant 1972 p 4 Werner Huss Agypten in hellenistischer Zeit p 674 675 with note 16 who considers it probable that Cleopatra V was the full sister of Ptolemy XII Watterson 2020 p 40 Ptolemaic Dynasty Cleopatra V Tryphaena www tyndalehouse com Christopher Bennett Cleopatra V note 5 Friedrich Preisigke Wilhelm Spiegelberg Prinz Joachim Ostraka Nr 1 Sammelbuch griechischer Urkunden aus Agypten SB Bd 3 Nr 6027 Whitehorne pp 177 178 W Huss p 674 675 Lloyd Llewellyn Jones Cleopatra VI Tryphaina In Roger S Bagnall et al The Encyclopedia of Ancient History vol 3 p 1569 She is lastly mentioned in a monument dated on August 8 69 BC Wilhelm Dittenberger In Orientis Graeci inscriptiones selectae OGIS I 185 but her name is already missing in a record dated on November 1 69 BC Christopher Bennett Cleopatra V note 11 Felix Jacoby Fragmente der griechischen Historiker no 260 F 2 14 a b Whitehorne p 182 e g W Huss Agypten in hellenistischer Zeit Egypt in Hellenistic times C H Beck Munich 2001 p 679 Geographica 17 1 11 p 796 Werner Huss Agypten in hellenistischer Zeit p 679 Preston 2009 p 22 Jones 2006 p xiii Schiff 2011 p 28 Tyldesley 2008 p 40 235 236 Kleiner 2005 p 22 Meadows 2001 p 23 Bennett 1997 p 60 63 Bianchi 2005 a b Roller 2010 pp 15 18 166 This assumes e g Christoph Schafer Kleopatra Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft Darmstadt 2006 ISBN 3 534 15418 5 p 18 Christopher Bennett Cleopatra V note 17 and 18 Roller 2010 pp 25 26 References editBennett Christopher J 1997 Cleopatra V Tryphaena and the Genealogy of the Later Ptolemies Ancient Society 28 39 66 doi 10 2143 AS 28 0 630068 ISSN 0066 1619 JSTOR 44079777 registration required Bianchi Steven 2005 Cleopatra VII The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt Oxford University Press Grant Michael 1972 Cleopatra Edison NJ Barnes and Noble Books pp 4 5 ISBN 978 0880297257 Jones Prudence J 2006 Cleopatra a sourcebook Norman Oklahoma University of Oklahoma Press ISBN 9780806137414 Kleiner Diana E E 2005 Cleopatra and Rome Cambridge MA Belknap Press of Harvard University Press ISBN 9780674019058 Meadows Andrew 2001 Sins of the fathers the inheritance of Cleopatra last queen of Egypt in Walker Susan Higgs Peter eds Cleopatra of Egypt from History to Myth Princeton NJ British Museum Press pp 14 31 ISBN 978 0714119434 Preston Diana 2009 Cleopatra and Antony New York Walker amp Company ISBN 978 0802710598 Roller Duane W 2010 Cleopatra a biography Oxford Oxford University Press ISBN 9780195365535 Schiff Stacy 2011 Cleopatra A Life UK Random House ISBN 978 0316001946 Tyldesley Joyce 2008 Cleopatra Last Queen of Egypt Profile Books Ltd Watterson Barbara 2020 Cleopatra Fact and Fiction Amberley Publishing ISBN 978 1 445 66965 6 Whitehorne John 1994 Cleopatras Routledge ISBN 0 415 05806 6 External links editGenealogy of Ptolemaic Dynasty Archived 2011 02 04 at the Wayback MachineCleopatra VPtolemaic dynastyBorn ca 95 BC Died ca 69 68 57 BCRegnal titlesPreceded byPtolemy XII Pharaoh of Egypt79 BC 68 BCwith Ptolemy XII Succeeded byPtolemy XII Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cleopatra V amp oldid 1181160663, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.