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Clemens Krauss

August 22, 2023

Clemens Heinrich Krauss (31 March 1893 – 16 May 1954) was an Austrian conductor and opera impresario, particularly associated with the music of Richard Strauss, Johann Strauss and Richard Wagner. He founded the New Year's Concert of the Vienna Philharmonic and conducted it until 1954.

Clemens Krauss, 1915

Family and early life

Krauss was born in Vienna to Clementine Krauss, then a 15-year-old dancer in the Vienna Imperial Opera Ballet, later a leading actress and operetta singer, niece of the prominent nineteenth-century operatic soprano Gabrielle Krauss. His natural father, Chevalier Hector Baltazzi [de] (1851-1916),[1] came from a family of wealthy Phanariot bankers resident in Vienna. Baltazzi's older sister Helene was married to Baron Albin von Vetsera and was the mother of Baroness Mary Vetsera, who was accordingly Clemens Krauss' first cousin.[2]

Krauss sang in the Hofkapelle (Imperial Choir) as a Vienna Choir Boy because of his ″extraordinarily beautiful soprano voice".[3] He graduated from the Vienna Conservatory in 1912, after studying composition with Hermann Graedener and theory with Richard Heuberger there. He was then appointed chorus master in the Brünn Theatre, Moravia, (1912-1913), where he made his conducting debut in 1913.

He was first married to soprano Margarethe Abraham (1889–1963). They had two sons, Octavian and Oliver.[3][4] The Romanian soprano Viorica Ursuleac, who often sang under him, became his second wife.

Career

Krauss made the rounds of regional centers, conducting in Riga (1913-1914), Nuremberg (1915) and Stettin (1916-1921) in Pomerania, Germany. The latter appointment gave him ample opportunity to travel to Berlin to hear Arthur Nikisch conduct the Berlin Philharmonic, a major influence. He then returned to Austria as director of the opera and symphony concerts in Graz. In 1922, he was invited by Richard Strauss to join the conducting staff of the Vienna State Opera and teacher of the conducting class in the Vienna Singakademie. He conducted the Vienna Tonkünstler concerts from 1923 to 1927, and was Intendant of the opera in Frankfurt and director of the Museum concerts there from 1924 to 1929.

In 1926, he made his debut at the Salzburg Festival. He guest-conducted in the United States in 1929, with the Philadelphia Orchestra and New York Philharmonic. Also in 1929, he was appointed director of the Vienna State Opera, where he conducted several operas by Richard Strauss and other contemporaries, among them Alban Berg's avant-garde atonal Wozzeck[5] and Jaromir Weinberger's Schwanda the Bagpiper,[6] both operas performed for the first time in Vienna in 1930. The orchestra of the Vienna State Opera, whose members formed an independent concert entity known as the Vienna Philharmonic, appointed him its music director in 1930. He was also a regular conductor at the Salzburg Festival from 1929 to 1934. In Vienna and Salzburg, his closest collaborator was stage director Lothar Wallerstein. In 1933, he took over the world premiere of Richard Strauss's opera Arabella in Dresden after the departure of conductor Fritz Busch to England.[7]

Krauss had to give up his Vienna positions in 1933 and in late 1934. His commitment to contemporary music had caused financial losses at the Philharmoniker's subscription concerts therefore the orchestra abolished the position of a permanent conductor. Since 1933 the orchestra itself decides about the programming of its concerts. At the State Opera he became the victim of several intrigues so that the minister offered a new contract just for one year. The Nazis invited Clemens Krauss to direct the Berlin State Opera in 1935 after Erich Kleiber had resigned in protest against National Socialist government policies. Krauss was never a member of the NSDAP or its affiliates, however he had several meetings with high ranking representatives of the regime, including Göring and Hitler. Throughout the 1930s he and his wife were involved in helping Jews escape from Germany. After befriending British novelist Ida Cook and her sister Mary, both opera fans, he instigated their rescue operation which started after Viorica Ursuleac asked the Cooks to assist a Jewish friend. Krauss gave cover to their smuggling operation and Munich Opera House shows were arranged around the times and cities that the Cooks needed to make contact with escapees.[8] At least 29 Jews could by saved by this operation.

In 1937, he was appointed Intendant of the National Theatre Munich following Hans Knappertsbusch's resignation. He had become a close friend of Richard Strauss, and even wrote the libretto for his opera Capriccio which he premiered in Munich in 1942. He also conducted the premieres of Strauss's operas Friedenstag (1938 in Munich) and Die Liebe der Danae (1944/1952 in Salzburg). During the early 1940s, he taught at the Mozarteum University of Salzburg where among his pupils was composer Roman Toi.[9]

After the Munich opera house had been destroyed by Allied bombing, Krauss returned to conduct the Vienna Philharmonic in 1944-45 until it ceased activities shortly before the end of World War II. After the war, Allied officials investigated his career and forbade him from appearing in public until 1947.[10] Krauss then resumed conducting many of the Vienna Philharmonic's concerts, including its famous annual New Year's Day pops concerts featuring Johann and Josef Strauss waltzes, overtures and polkas, many of which were recorded for Decca along with other studio recordings of mostly Johann, Josef and Richard Strauss.

In 1951, he returned to Covent Garden in London where he had directed the first British performances of Arabella in 1934.[11] In 1953, he was for the first time invited to the Bayreuth Festival, conducting an impressive Wagner Ring cycle now available on CD, starring Astrid Varnay as Brünnhilde. He also recorded a highly regarded Parsifal at Bayreuth, starring Martha Mödl as Kundry, in 1953, at the height of Mödl's brief prime.

He died in 1954 (the same year as Wilhelm Furtwangler) while on tour with the Vienna Philharmonic in Mexico City, and is buried alongside his wife, singer Viorica Ursuleac, who died in 1985, in Ehrwald, Austria.

 
Walk of Fame Vienna

Krauss made relatively few recordings; they include his 1950 Decca rendition of Johann Strauss II's Die Fledermaus, with the Vienna Philharmonic and State Opera star soloists (not including any of the dialogue; only the second complete recording after a pre–World War I acoustical 78 set made in Berlin). His 1953 live performance of Richard Wagner's Ring Cycle from Bayreuth has been released on disc. A performance with the Vienna Symphony of Beethoven's Choral Fantasy, reissued on more than one inexpensive label since its original appearance on a Vox LP, is also one of the few recordings featuring pianist Friedrich Wührer. All three have been reissued on compact disc.

References

  1. ^ Notes to a reissue of Krauss' Decca recordings of the orchestral music of Richard Strauss, Testament SBT1184
  2. ^ Hélène Baltazzi, family tree, retrieved on 24 July 2023
  3. ^ a b Deutsche Biographie: Krauss, Clemens, retrieved on 25 July 2023
  4. ^ Isabel Vincent: Ouverture of Hope, Washington 2022, p. 67
  5. ^ Wiener Staatsoper: Wozzeck | Neuproduktion vom 30.03.1930, retrieved on 23 July 2023
  6. ^ Opera Online: Komische Oper Berlin: Schwandas verstimmter Dudelsack, 9. März 2022
  7. ^ All Music Guide Biography
  8. ^ BBC News: The opera-loving sisters who 'stumbled' into heroism (28/1/2017)
  9. ^ Rick MacMillan. . The Canadian Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 11 May 2006. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
  10. ^ Crichton, Ronald (2001). "Krauss, Clemens". Grove Music Online. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.15493. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 2021-02-27.
  11. ^ Isabel Vincent: Ouverture of Hope, Washington 2022, p. 205

Bibliography

  • Maschat, Erik (1971). “Clemens Krauss,” trans. Peter Hutchison, Recorded Sound, No. 42-43, 740-746
  • Joseph Gregor, Clemens Krauss: Seine Musikalische Sendung (Munich, 1953)
  • G. K. Kende and Signe Scanzoni, Der Prinzipal: Clemens Krauss-Fakten, Vergleiche, Rückschlüsse (Berlin, 1988) ISBN 3-7952-0549-2

External links

External links

Cultural offices
Preceded by Music Director, Staatsoper Unter den Linden
1935-1936 		Succeeded by

August 22, 2023
clemens, krauss, clemens, heinrich, krauss, march, 1893, 1954, austrian, conductor, opera, impresario, particularly, associated, with, music, richard, strauss, johann, strauss, richard, wagner, founded, year, concert, vienna, philharmonic, conducted, until, 19. Clemens Heinrich Krauss 31 March 1893 16 May 1954 was an Austrian conductor and opera impresario particularly associated with the music of Richard Strauss Johann Strauss and Richard Wagner He founded the New Year s Concert of the Vienna Philharmonic and conducted it until 1954 Clemens Krauss 1915 Contents 1 Family and early life 2 Career 3 References 4 Bibliography 5 External links 6 External linksFamily and early life EditKrauss was born in Vienna to Clementine Krauss then a 15 year old dancer in the Vienna Imperial Opera Ballet later a leading actress and operetta singer niece of the prominent nineteenth century operatic soprano Gabrielle Krauss His natural father Chevalier Hector Baltazzi de 1851 1916 1 came from a family of wealthy Phanariot bankers resident in Vienna Baltazzi s older sister Helene was married to Baron Albin von Vetsera and was the mother of Baroness Mary Vetsera who was accordingly Clemens Krauss first cousin 2 Krauss sang in the Hofkapelle Imperial Choir as a Vienna Choir Boy because of his extraordinarily beautiful soprano voice 3 He graduated from the Vienna Conservatory in 1912 after studying composition with Hermann Graedener and theory with Richard Heuberger there He was then appointed chorus master in the Brunn Theatre Moravia 1912 1913 where he made his conducting debut in 1913 He was first married to soprano Margarethe Abraham 1889 1963 They had two sons Octavian and Oliver 3 4 The Romanian soprano Viorica Ursuleac who often sang under him became his second wife Career EditKrauss made the rounds of regional centers conducting in Riga 1913 1914 Nuremberg 1915 and Stettin 1916 1921 in Pomerania Germany The latter appointment gave him ample opportunity to travel to Berlin to hear Arthur Nikisch conduct the Berlin Philharmonic a major influence He then returned to Austria as director of the opera and symphony concerts in Graz In 1922 he was invited by Richard Strauss to join the conducting staff of the Vienna State Opera and teacher of the conducting class in the Vienna Singakademie He conducted the Vienna Tonkunstler concerts from 1923 to 1927 and was Intendant of the opera in Frankfurt and director of the Museum concerts there from 1924 to 1929 In 1926 he made his debut at the Salzburg Festival He guest conducted in the United States in 1929 with the Philadelphia Orchestra and New York Philharmonic Also in 1929 he was appointed director of the Vienna State Opera where he conducted several operas by Richard Strauss and other contemporaries among them Alban Berg s avant garde atonal Wozzeck 5 and Jaromir Weinberger s Schwanda the Bagpiper 6 both operas performed for the first time in Vienna in 1930 The orchestra of the Vienna State Opera whose members formed an independent concert entity known as the Vienna Philharmonic appointed him its music director in 1930 He was also a regular conductor at the Salzburg Festival from 1929 to 1934 In Vienna and Salzburg his closest collaborator was stage director Lothar Wallerstein In 1933 he took over the world premiere of Richard Strauss s opera Arabella in Dresden after the departure of conductor Fritz Busch to England 7 Krauss had to give up his Vienna positions in 1933 and in late 1934 His commitment to contemporary music had caused financial losses at the Philharmoniker s subscription concerts therefore the orchestra abolished the position of a permanent conductor Since 1933 the orchestra itself decides about the programming of its concerts At the State Opera he became the victim of several intrigues so that the minister offered a new contract just for one year The Nazis invited Clemens Krauss to direct the Berlin State Opera in 1935 after Erich Kleiber had resigned in protest against National Socialist government policies Krauss was never a member of the NSDAP or its affiliates however he had several meetings with high ranking representatives of the regime including Goring and Hitler Throughout the 1930s he and his wife were involved in helping Jews escape from Germany After befriending British novelist Ida Cook and her sister Mary both opera fans he instigated their rescue operation which started after Viorica Ursuleac asked the Cooks to assist a Jewish friend Krauss gave cover to their smuggling operation and Munich Opera House shows were arranged around the times and cities that the Cooks needed to make contact with escapees 8 At least 29 Jews could by saved by this operation In 1937 he was appointed Intendant of the National Theatre Munich following Hans Knappertsbusch s resignation He had become a close friend of Richard Strauss and even wrote the libretto for his opera Capriccio which he premiered in Munich in 1942 He also conducted the premieres of Strauss s operas Friedenstag 1938 in Munich and Die Liebe der Danae 1944 1952 in Salzburg During the early 1940s he taught at the Mozarteum University of Salzburg where among his pupils was composer Roman Toi 9 After the Munich opera house had been destroyed by Allied bombing Krauss returned to conduct the Vienna Philharmonic in 1944 45 until it ceased activities shortly before the end of World War II After the war Allied officials investigated his career and forbade him from appearing in public until 1947 10 Krauss then resumed conducting many of the Vienna Philharmonic s concerts including its famous annual New Year s Day pops concerts featuring Johann and Josef Strauss waltzes overtures and polkas many of which were recorded for Decca along with other studio recordings of mostly Johann Josef and Richard Strauss In 1951 he returned to Covent Garden in London where he had directed the first British performances of Arabella in 1934 11 In 1953 he was for the first time invited to the Bayreuth Festival conducting an impressive Wagner Ring cycle now available on CD starring Astrid Varnay as Brunnhilde He also recorded a highly regarded Parsifal at Bayreuth starring Martha Modl as Kundry in 1953 at the height of Modl s brief prime He died in 1954 the same year as Wilhelm Furtwangler while on tour with the Vienna Philharmonic in Mexico City and is buried alongside his wife singer Viorica Ursuleac who died in 1985 in Ehrwald Austria Walk of Fame ViennaKrauss made relatively few recordings they include his 1950 Decca rendition of Johann Strauss II s Die Fledermaus with the Vienna Philharmonic and State Opera star soloists not including any of the dialogue only the second complete recording after a pre World War I acoustical 78 set made in Berlin His 1953 live performance of Richard Wagner s Ring Cycle from Bayreuth has been released on disc A performance with the Vienna Symphony of Beethoven s Choral Fantasy reissued on more than one inexpensive label since its original appearance on a Vox LP is also one of the few recordings featuring pianist Friedrich Wuhrer All three have been reissued on compact disc References Edit Notes to a reissue of Krauss Decca recordings of the orchestral music of Richard Strauss Testament SBT1184 Helene Baltazzi family tree retrieved on 24 July 2023 a b Deutsche Biographie Krauss Clemens retrieved on 25 July 2023 Isabel Vincent Ouverture of Hope Washington 2022 p 67 Wiener Staatsoper Wozzeck Neuproduktion vom 30 03 1930 retrieved on 23 July 2023 Opera Online Komische Oper Berlin Schwandas verstimmter Dudelsack 9 Marz 2022 All Music Guide Biography BBC News The opera loving sisters who stumbled into heroism 28 1 2017 Rick MacMillan Roman Toi The Canadian Encyclopedia Archived from the original on 11 May 2006 Retrieved 25 April 2010 Crichton Ronald 2001 Krauss Clemens Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article 15493 ISBN 978 1 56159 263 0 Retrieved 2021 02 27 Isabel Vincent Ouverture of Hope Washington 2022 p 205Bibliography EditMaschat Erik 1971 Clemens Krauss trans Peter Hutchison Recorded Sound No 42 43 740 746 Joseph Gregor Clemens Krauss Seine Musikalische Sendung Munich 1953 G K Kende and Signe Scanzoni Der Prinzipal Clemens Krauss Fakten Vergleiche Ruckschlusse Berlin 1988 ISBN 3 7952 0549 2External links EditClemens Krauss at AllMusic Clemens Krauss DiscographyExternal links EditNewspaper clippings about Clemens Krauss in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBWCultural officesPreceded byErich Kleiber Music Director Staatsoper Unter den Linden1935 1936 Succeeded byHerbert von Karajan Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Clemens Krauss amp oldid 1167046759, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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