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Clark Warburton

January 30, 2023

Clark Warburton (27 January 1896, near Buffalo, New York – 18 September 1979, Fairfax, Virginia) was an American economist. He was described as the "first monetarist of the post-World War II period,"[1] the most uncompromising upholder of a strictly monetary theory of business fluctuations,[2] and reviver of classic monetary-disequilibrium theory and the quantity theory of money.[3]

Life and works

Warburton received bachelor's and master's degrees from Cornell University after military service overseas during World War I. From the 1920s to the early 1930s, he held teaching positions in India and the United States. He received a Ph.D. degree at Columbia University in 1932. There his interest had shifted from history to economics while attending lectures of Wesley C. Mitchell. His dissertation was published as The Economic Results of Prohibition. From 1932 to 1934, he worked at the Brookings Institution. In 1934 he joined the newly formed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. He subsequently became chief economist there, retiring from that position in 1965. He continued to publish research on substantive and historical monetary economics thereafter.[4]

In the period from 1945, Warburton was a critic of Keynesian theory when the latter was "crowding out interest in money."[4] He made his case in a series of papers, most of them empirically oriented. He compiled and constructed quarterly data for the U.S. in the 1918–47 period, which showed that deviations in the money supply and bank reserves from trend preceded in the same direction business-cycle turning points of successively final output sold, output, prices, and the velocity of money.[5] He extended such results to 1965 some 20 years later.[6]

In examining longer periods of time (decades) for 1799–1939 and annual data from 1909 to 1947, he found that velocity adjusted for trend and production capacity was relatively stable in peace time, despite extreme monetary volatility and that changes in the quantity of money were the "overwhelmingly dominant factor" responsible for changes in the price level, consistent with the quantity theory of money.[7]

These findings supported Warburton's contentions that:

In 1966, a collection of 19 of his papers was published.[10]

Notes

  1. ^ Thomas F. Cargill, 1981. "A Tribute to Clark Warburton, 1896–1979: Note," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 13(1), p. 89.
  2. ^ Thomas F. Cargill, 1979. "Clark Warburton and the Development of Monetarism since the Great Depression," History of Political Economy, 11(3),p. 425
  3. ^ Michael D. Bordo and Anna J. Schwartz, 1979. "Clark Warburton: Pioneer Monetarist," Journal of Monetary Economics, 5(1), pp. 43–65. Reprinted in Schwartz, 1987, Money in Historical Perspective, ch. 9, pp. 247–49, full article, 234–54 and pp. 426–27.
  4. ^ a b L. Yeager, 1987. "Warburton, Clark," The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, v. 4, p. 874.
  5. ^ • Clark Warburton, 1946. "The Misplaced Emphasis in Contemporary Business-Fluctuation Theory," Journal of Business, 19(4) pp. 199–220.
       • _____, 1948b. "Bank Reserves and Business Fluctuations," Journal of the American Statistical Association, 43(244), pp. 547–58.
       • _____, 1950d. "The Theory of Turning Points in Business Fluctuations," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 64(4), pp. 525–49.
  6. ^ Clark Warburton, 1967. "Cyclical Fluctuations in the Stock of Money and in Effective Demand, 1919–1965," Southern Journal of Business, 2, pp. 140–45.
  7. ^ • Clark Warburton, 1945c. "The Volume of Money and the Price Level between the World Wars," Journal of Political Economy, 53(2), pp. 150–63.
       • _____, 1949a. "The Secular Trend in Monetary Velocity," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 63(1), pp. 68–91.
  8. ^ Clark Warburton, 1945a. "Monetary Theory, Full Production, and the Great Depression," Eonometrica, 13(2), pp. 114–28.
  9. ^ • Clark Warburton, 1962. "Monetary Disturbances and Business Fluctuations in Two Centuries of American History," in L. Yeager, ed., In Search of a Monetary Constitution, pp. 91–92. Harvard University Press.
       • Michael D. Bordo and Anna J. Schwartz, 1979. "Clark Warburton: Pioneer Monetarist," Journal of Monetary Economics, 5(1), pp. 43–65. Reprinted in Schwartz, 1987, Money in Historical Perspective, ch. 9, pp. 234–54 and pp. 426–27.
  10. ^ Clark Warburton, 1966. Depression, Inflation, and Monetary Policy; Selected Papers, 1945–1953 Johns Hopkins Press.

Selected publications

  • 1932a, 1968. The Economic Results of Prohibition. AMS Press. Review.
  • 1932b. "Prohibition and Economic Welfare," Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 163, Prohibition: A National Experiment, pp. 89–97.
  • 1934. America's Capacity to Consume (with Maurice Leven and Harold G. Moulton), Brookings Institution.
  • 1937. "Accounting Methodology in the Measurement of National Income," Studies in Income and Wealth, 1, Pt. 2, pp. 66–110.
  • 1945b. "The Monetary Theory of Deficit Spending," Review of Economics and Statistics, 27(2), pp. 74–84.
  • 1945d. "Monetary Policy in the United States in World War II," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 4(3), pp. 375–83.
  • 1948a. "Monetary Velocity and Monetary Policy," Review of Economics and Statistics, 30(4), pp. 304–14.
  • 1949b. "Monetary Policy and Business Forecasting," Journal of Business, 22(2, 3), parts I and II, pp. 71–82, 178–87.
  • 1950a. "Monetary Velocity and the Rate of Interest," Review of Economics and Statistics, 32(3), pp. 256–57.
  • 1950b. "The Monetary Disequilibrium Hypothesis, The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 10(1), pp. 1–11.
  • 1950c. "Co-Ordination of Monetary, Bank Supervisory, and Loan Agencies of the Federal Government ," Journal of Finance, 5(2), pp. 148–69.
  • 1952a. "A Hedge against Inflation," Political Science Quarterly, 67(1), pp. 1–17.
  • 1952b "How Much Variation in the Quantity of Money Is Needed?" Southern Economic Journal, 18(4), pp. 495–509.
  • 1953a "Money and Business Fluctuations in the Schumpeterian System," Journal of Political Economy, 61(6), pp. 509–22.
  • 1953b "Rules and Implements for Monetary Policy," Journal of Finance, 8(1), pp. 1–21.
  • 1958. "Variations in Economic Growth and Banking Developments in the United States From 1835 to 1885," Journal of Economic History, 18(3), pp. 283–97.
  • 1965. "Maintaining Prosperity and Achieving Its Equitable Distribution," Southern Economic Journal, 31(4), pp. 289–97. Presidential address of the Southern Economic Association.
  • 1981. "Monetary Disequilibrium Theory in the First Half of the Twentieth Century," History of Political Economy, 13(2), pp. 285–99.

References

  • Thomas M. Humphrey, 1971. "Role of Non-Chicago Economists in the Evolution of the Quantity Theory in America 1930–1950." Southern Economic Journal, 38(1),pp. 12–18.
  • Leland B. Yeager, 1981. "Clark Warburton, 1896–1979," History of Political Economy, 13(2), pp. 279–84.

External links

January 30, 2023
clark, warburton, january, 1896, near, buffalo, york, september, 1979, fairfax, virginia, american, economist, described, first, monetarist, post, world, period, most, uncompromising, upholder, strictly, monetary, theory, business, fluctuations, reviver, class. Clark Warburton 27 January 1896 near Buffalo New York 18 September 1979 Fairfax Virginia was an American economist He was described as the first monetarist of the post World War II period 1 the most uncompromising upholder of a strictly monetary theory of business fluctuations 2 and reviver of classic monetary disequilibrium theory and the quantity theory of money 3 Contents 1 Life and works 2 Notes 3 Selected publications 4 References 5 External linksLife and works EditWarburton received bachelor s and master s degrees from Cornell University after military service overseas during World War I From the 1920s to the early 1930s he held teaching positions in India and the United States He received a Ph D degree at Columbia University in 1932 There his interest had shifted from history to economics while attending lectures of Wesley C Mitchell His dissertation was published as The Economic Results of Prohibition From 1932 to 1934 he worked at the Brookings Institution In 1934 he joined the newly formed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation He subsequently became chief economist there retiring from that position in 1965 He continued to publish research on substantive and historical monetary economics thereafter 4 In the period from 1945 Warburton was a critic of Keynesian theory when the latter was crowding out interest in money 4 He made his case in a series of papers most of them empirically oriented He compiled and constructed quarterly data for the U S in the 1918 47 period which showed that deviations in the money supply and bank reserves from trend preceded in the same direction business cycle turning points of successively final output sold output prices and the velocity of money 5 He extended such results to 1965 some 20 years later 6 In examining longer periods of time decades for 1799 1939 and annual data from 1909 to 1947 he found that velocity adjusted for trend and production capacity was relatively stable in peace time despite extreme monetary volatility and that changes in the quantity of money were the overwhelmingly dominant factor responsible for changes in the price level consistent with the quantity theory of money 7 These findings supported Warburton s contentions that instability of the money supply was a major source of business fluctuations including the Great Depression not merely an intensifying factor 8 stability of monetary policy was key to macroeconomic stability 9 In 1966 a collection of 19 of his papers was published 10 Notes Edit Thomas F Cargill 1981 A Tribute to Clark Warburton 1896 1979 Note Journal of Money Credit and Banking 13 1 p 89 Thomas F Cargill 1979 Clark Warburton and the Development of Monetarism since the Great Depression History of Political Economy 11 3 p 425 Michael D Bordo and Anna J Schwartz 1979 Clark Warburton Pioneer Monetarist Journal of Monetary Economics 5 1 pp 43 65 Reprinted in Schwartz 1987 Money in Historical Perspective ch 9 pp 247 49 full article 234 54 and pp 426 27 a b L Yeager 1987 Warburton Clark The New Palgrave A Dictionary of Economics v 4 p 874 Clark Warburton 1946 The Misplaced Emphasis in Contemporary Business Fluctuation Theory Journal of Business 19 4 pp 199 220 1948b Bank Reserves and Business Fluctuations Journal of the American Statistical Association 43 244 pp 547 58 1950d The Theory of Turning Points in Business Fluctuations Quarterly Journal of Economics 64 4 pp 525 49 Clark Warburton 1967 Cyclical Fluctuations in the Stock of Money and in Effective Demand 1919 1965 Southern Journal of Business 2 pp 140 45 Clark Warburton 1945c The Volume of Money and the Price Level between the World Wars Journal of Political Economy 53 2 pp 150 63 1949a The Secular Trend in Monetary Velocity Quarterly Journal of Economics 63 1 pp 68 91 Clark Warburton 1945a Monetary Theory Full Production and the Great Depression Eonometrica 13 2 pp 114 28 Clark Warburton 1962 Monetary Disturbances and Business Fluctuations in Two Centuries of American History in L Yeager ed In Search of a Monetary Constitution pp 91 92 Harvard University Press Michael D Bordo and Anna J Schwartz 1979 Clark Warburton Pioneer Monetarist Journal of Monetary Economics 5 1 pp 43 65 Reprinted in Schwartz 1987 Money in Historical Perspective ch 9 pp 234 54 and pp 426 27 Clark Warburton 1966 Depression Inflation and Monetary Policy Selected Papers 1945 1953 Johns Hopkins Press Selected publications Edit1932a 1968 The Economic Results of Prohibition AMS Press Review 1932b Prohibition and Economic Welfare Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 163 Prohibition A National Experiment pp 89 97 1934 America s Capacity to Consume with Maurice Leven and Harold G Moulton Brookings Institution 1937 Accounting Methodology in the Measurement of National Income Studies in Income and Wealth 1 Pt 2 pp 66 110 1945b The Monetary Theory of Deficit Spending Review of Economics and Statistics 27 2 pp 74 84 1945d Monetary Policy in the United States in World War II American Journal of Economics and Sociology 4 3 pp 375 83 1948a Monetary Velocity and Monetary Policy Review of Economics and Statistics 30 4 pp 304 14 1949b Monetary Policy and Business Forecasting Journal of Business 22 2 3 parts I and II pp 71 82 178 87 1950a Monetary Velocity and the Rate of Interest Review of Economics and Statistics 32 3 pp 256 57 1950b The Monetary Disequilibrium Hypothesis The American Journal of Economics and Sociology 10 1 pp 1 11 1950c Co Ordination of Monetary Bank Supervisory and Loan Agencies of the Federal Government Journal of Finance 5 2 pp 148 69 1952a A Hedge against Inflation Political Science Quarterly 67 1 pp 1 17 1952b How Much Variation in the Quantity of Money Is Needed Southern Economic Journal 18 4 pp 495 509 1953a Money and Business Fluctuations in the Schumpeterian System Journal of Political Economy 61 6 pp 509 22 1953b Rules and Implements for Monetary Policy Journal of Finance 8 1 pp 1 21 1958 Variations in Economic Growth and Banking Developments in the United States From 1835 to 1885 Journal of Economic History 18 3 pp 283 97 1965 Maintaining Prosperity and Achieving Its Equitable Distribution Southern Economic Journal 31 4 pp 289 97 Presidential address of the Southern Economic Association 1981 Monetary Disequilibrium Theory in the First Half of the Twentieth Century History of Political Economy 13 2 pp 285 99 References EditThomas M Humphrey 1971 Role of Non Chicago Economists in the Evolution of the Quantity Theory in America 1930 1950 Southern Economic Journal 38 1 pp 12 18 Leland B Yeager 1981 Clark Warburton 1896 1979 History of Political Economy 13 2 pp 279 84 External links EditThe Clark Warburton Economic Collection Major works Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Clark Warburton amp oldid 1085728260, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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