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Turridae

January 30, 2023

Turridae is a taxonomic family name for a number of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.[1]

Turridae
Five views of a shell of Turris crispa
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Order: Neogastropoda
Superfamily: Conoidea
Family: Turridae
H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (1838)
Type genus
Turris
Batch, 1789
Genera

See text

Synonyms[1]

Pleurotomidae

The family name Turridae was originally given to a very large group of several thousand sea snail species that were thought to be closely related. The family was described with about 700 genus-group taxa and an estimated 10,000 recent and fossil species.[2] However, that original grouping was discovered to be polyphyletic.

In recent years, the family Turridae has been much reduced in size, because a number of other families were created to contain the monophyletic lineages that had previously been thought to belong in the same family.

The common name turrids is still used informally to refer to the polyphyletic group.

Distribution

Species in the family Turridae are found worldwide; most are found in the neritic zone. It is a major component of the Indo-Pacific molluscan fauna.[citations needed]

Shell description

The shape of the narrow shells is more or less fusiform. The whorls are elongate to broadly spindle-shaped and conical. The shells are generally small, their length usually smaller than 15 mm (with a few exceptions, up to 25 mm). The sculpture is variable. The shell shows strong ribs and spiral ridges.The aperture is long and narrow, with a siphonal canal and an anal sinus. [3]

Turrids are carnivorous, predatory gastropods. Most species have a poison gland used with the toxoglossan radula, used to prey on vertebrates and invertebrate animals (mostly polychaete worms) or in self-defense.[4] Some turrids have lost the radula and the poison gland. The radula, when present, has two or three teeth in a row. It lacks lateral teeth and the marginal teeth are of the wishbone or duplex type. The teeth with a duplex form are not shaped from two distinct elements but grow from a flat plate, by thickening at the edges of the teeth and elevation of the rear edge from the membrane.[5]

Female turrids lay their eggs in lens-shaped capsules.[citations needed]

History of the taxonomy

The family Turridae, in the older broadest sense of the group, was in the past perceived as one of the most difficult groups to study because of a large number of supra-specific described taxa,[6] which were complicated by their species diversity.[7]

This led to an outcry by Melvill & Standen in 1901:

One cannot help feeling, indeed, the more the Pleurotomacea (now former name for the Pleurotomidae, synonym of Turridae) are studied closely, how painfully artificial and misleading are many of the characters which are employed in differentiating the sections, so called genera, and subgenera of this vast assemblage. It is almost too large for the monographer, and so enormous are the number of species annually brought to light, especially since the abyssal forms have been sought after and procured with greater facility, that we fear confusion will soon be worse confounded, and the patience of malacologists tried too far, unless some benefactor of this race arises to study these forms alone as his life's work. [8]

Although some species were relatively common, many were rare, some being known only from single specimens; this is another factor that made studying the group difficult. Turridiae was in this sense a heterogenous family that contained, more or less, all conoideans not included in the Conidae and Terebridae. Most of this was based on radula and shell characters. Taylor et al. (1993) tried to rely more on anatomical characters and moved several subfamilies from Turridae to Conidae.[9]

2005 taxonomy

According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005, which attempted to set out a stable taxonomy, this family consisted of the following five subfamilies:[10]

2011 taxonomy

The 2005 classification system for the group was greatly changed by the 2011 publication of an article revising the taxonomy of the superfamily Conoidea, Bouchet P., Kantor Yu.I., Sysoev A. & Puillandre N. (2011) A new operational classification of the Conoidea. Journal of Molluscan Studies 77: 273-308. The authors presented a new classification of the superfamily Conoidea on the genus level, based on anatomical characters but also on the molecular phylogeny as presented by Puillandre N., et al., 2008.[11] The polyphyletic family Turridae was resolved into 13 monophyletic families (containing 358 currently recognized genera and subgenera)[12]

Current genera

Genera in the family Turridae sensu stricto, include according to WoRMS:[13]

Synonymy
  • Annulaturris Powell, 1966: synonym of Turris Batsch, 1789
  • Austrogemmula Laseron, 1954: synonym of Epidirella Iredale, 1913
  • Bathybermudia Haas, 1949: synonym of Ptychosyrinx Thiele, 1925
  • Clamturris Iredale, 1931: synonym of Xenuroturris Iredale, 1929
  • Eugemmula Iredale, 1931: synonym of Gemmula Weinkauff, 1875
  • Euryentmena : synonym of Euryentmema Woodring, 1928 (misspelling)
  • Lophioturris Powell, 1964: synonym of Lophiotoma Casey, 1904
  • Oxytropa Glibert, 1955: synonym of Polystira Woodring, 1928
  • Pinguigemmula McNeil, 1961: synonym of Cryptogemma Dall, 1918
  • Pleurotoma Lamarck, 1799: synonym of Turris Batsch, 1789
  • Ptychosyrinx Thiele, 1925: synonym of Cryptogemma Dall, 1918

Subfamily Strictispirinae McLean, 1971 : synonym of Strictispiridae McLean, 1971, synonym of Pseudomelatomidae Morrison, 1966 (raised to family level)

References

  1. ^ a b MolluscaBase (2018). Turridae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (1838). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=152 on 2018-07-22
  2. ^ Bouchet, P. 1990. Turrid genera and mode of development: the use and abuse of protoconch morphology.Malacologia 32:69-77
  3. ^ P.J. Hayward and J.S. Ryland - Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North-West Europe; Oxford University Press 1995; ISBN 0 19 854054 X
  4. ^ Duda, T.F., Jr., Kohn, A.J. & Palumbi, S.R. (2001) Origins of diverse feeding ecologies within Conus, a genus of venomous marine gastropods. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 73, 391–409.
  5. ^ Kantor, Yuri I; John D.Taylor (2000). "Formation of marginal radular teeth in Conoidea (Neogastropoda) and the evolution of the hypodermic envenomation mechanism". Journal of Zoology. Cambridge University Press. 252 (2): 251–262. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb00620.x.
  6. ^ Sysoev, A.V. (1993) Appendix 2 Genus-group taxa of Recent Turridae S.L. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum of London, Zoology, 59, 163–169
  7. ^ Sysoev, A.V. (1991) Preliminary analysis of the relationship between turrids (Gastropoda, Toxoglossa, Turridae) with different types of radular apparatus in various Recent and fossil faunas. Ruthenica, 1, 53–66.
  8. ^ Melvill & Standen (1901) Mollusks from the Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea; Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. v. 2, 1901   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  9. ^ Taylor JD, Kantor YI, Sysoev AV (1993) Foregut anatomy, feedings mechanisms and classification of the Conoidea (= Toxoglossa)(Gastropoda). Bull Nat Hist Mus Lond (Zoology) 59: 125-170
  10. ^ Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks. 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
  11. ^ Puillandre N., et al., 2008 " Starting to unravel the toxoglossan knot: molecular phylogeny of the “turrids” (Neogastropoda: Conoidea)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 2008;47:1122-1134
  12. ^ Nicolas Puillandre, Renewed taxonomy : phylogeny and species delimitation in an integrative framework; Toxines et Signalisation – Toxins and Signalling, Rencontres en Toxinologie – Meeting on Toxinology, 2009, Editions de la SFET – SFET Editions
  13. ^ Turridae. WoRMS, accessed 18 November 2015

Further reading

  • Grant, U. S. & H. R. Gale, 1931 [3 November], Catalogue of the marine Pliocene and Pleistocene Mollusca of California and adjacent regions; with notes on their morphology, classification, and nomenclature and a special treatment of the Pectinidae and the Turridae (including a few Miocene and Recent species), together with a summary of the stratigraphic relations of the formations involved. Memoirs of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 1: 1036 pp., 32 pls.
  • Powell, A. W. B., 1942 [15 July], The New Zealand Recent and fossil Mollusca of the family Turridae with general notes on turrid nomenclature and systematics. Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 2: 188 pp., 14 pls.
  • Powell A. W. B. (1964). "The family Turridae in the Indo-Pacific. Part 1, The subfamily Turrinae". Indo-Pacific Mollusca 1: 227–345.
  • Morrison, J. P. E., 1966 [28 February], On the families of Turridae. The American Malacological Union. Annual Reports, for 1965: 1–2
  • Oyama, K., 1966, On living Japanese Turridae. Venus, 25(1): 1–20
  • Powell, A. W. B., 1966, The molluscan families Speightiidae and Turridae, an evaluation of the valid taxa, both Recent and fossil, with list of characteristic species. Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 5: 184 pp., 23 pls.
  • Powell, A. W. B., 1969 [9 September], The family Turridae in the Indo-Pacific. Part 2. The subfamily Turriculinae. Indo-Pacific Mollusca, 2(10): 207–415, pls. 188–324
  • Sabelli, B. & G. Spada, 1977, Guida illustrata all'identificazione delle conchiglie del Mediterraneo. Fam. Turridae I. Conchiglie, 13(3–4[Supplemento]): 2 pp., 1 pl.
  • Kilburn R. N. (1983). "Turridae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of southern Africa and Mozambique. Part 1. Subfamily Turrinae." Ann. Natal. Mus. 25: 549–585.
  • McLean J. (1971). "A revised classification of the family Turridae, with the proposal of new subfamilies, genera, and subgenera from the Eastern Pacific". Veliger 14: 114–130
  • Vera Peláez, J. L., J. Martinell & M. C. Lozano-Francisco, 1999 [June], Turridae (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) of the Lower Pliocene from Malaga (Spain). Iberus, 17(1): 1–1
  • Vera peláez, J. L., 2002 [29 November], Revision de la familia Turridae, excepto Clavatulinae (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) en el Plioceno de las cuencas de Estepona, Malaga y Velez Malaga (Malaga, S Espana) con la descripcion de 26 especies nuevas. Pliocenica, 2: 176–262
  • Tucker, J.K. 2004 Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zootaxa 682:1-1295*
  • Kilburn, Richard N., Alexander E. Fedosov, and Baldomero M. Olivera. "Revision of the genus Turris (Gastropoda: Conoidea: Turridae) with the description of six new species." Zootaxa 3244.1 (2012): 1

External links

  • W.H. Dall (1918) Notes on the nomenclature of the mollusks of the family Turritidae; Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 54 (1918)
  • (older) Turrid Classification[permanent dead link]
  • Tucker, J.K. 2004 Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zootaxa 682:1-1295.
  • Sealifebase: Species mentioned in Tucker, J.K. 2004 Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zootaxa 682:1-1295
  • Miocene Gastropods and Biostratigraphy of the Kern River Area, California; United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 642   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  • Worldwide Mollusc Species Data Base: Turridae
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Turridae.

January 30, 2023
turridae, taxonomic, family, name, number, predatory, snails, marine, gastropod, mollusks, superfamily, conoidea, five, views, shell, turris, crispascientific, classificationkingdom, animaliaphylum, molluscaclass, gastropodasubclass, caenogastropodaorder, neog. Turridae is a taxonomic family name for a number of predatory sea snails marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea 1 TurridaeFive views of a shell of Turris crispaScientific classificationKingdom AnimaliaPhylum MolluscaClass GastropodaSubclass CaenogastropodaOrder NeogastropodaSuperfamily ConoideaFamily TurridaeH Adams amp A Adams 1853 1838 Type genusTurrisBatch 1789GeneraSee textSynonyms 1 PleurotomidaeThe family name Turridae was originally given to a very large group of several thousand sea snail species that were thought to be closely related The family was described with about 700 genus group taxa and an estimated 10 000 recent and fossil species 2 However that original grouping was discovered to be polyphyletic In recent years the family Turridae has been much reduced in size because a number of other families were created to contain the monophyletic lineages that had previously been thought to belong in the same family The common name turrids is still used informally to refer to the polyphyletic group Contents 1 Distribution 2 Shell description 3 History of the taxonomy 4 Current genera 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksDistribution EditSpecies in the family Turridae are found worldwide most are found in the neritic zone It is a major component of the Indo Pacific molluscan fauna citations needed Shell description EditThe shape of the narrow shells is more or less fusiform The whorls are elongate to broadly spindle shaped and conical The shells are generally small their length usually smaller than 15 mm with a few exceptions up to 25 mm The sculpture is variable The shell shows strong ribs and spiral ridges The aperture is long and narrow with a siphonal canal and an anal sinus 3 Turrids are carnivorous predatory gastropods Most species have a poison gland used with the toxoglossan radula used to prey on vertebrates and invertebrate animals mostly polychaete worms or in self defense 4 Some turrids have lost the radula and the poison gland The radula when present has two or three teeth in a row It lacks lateral teeth and the marginal teeth are of the wishbone or duplex type The teeth with a duplex form are not shaped from two distinct elements but grow from a flat plate by thickening at the edges of the teeth and elevation of the rear edge from the membrane 5 Female turrids lay their eggs in lens shaped capsules citations needed History of the taxonomy EditThe family Turridae in the older broadest sense of the group was in the past perceived as one of the most difficult groups to study because of a large number of supra specific described taxa 6 which were complicated by their species diversity 7 This led to an outcry by Melvill amp Standen in 1901 One cannot help feeling indeed the more the Pleurotomacea now former name for the Pleurotomidae synonym of Turridae are studied closely how painfully artificial and misleading are many of the characters which are employed in differentiating the sections so called genera and subgenera of this vast assemblage It is almost too large for the monographer and so enormous are the number of species annually brought to light especially since the abyssal forms have been sought after and procured with greater facility that we fear confusion will soon be worse confounded and the patience of malacologists tried too far unless some benefactor of this race arises to study these forms alone as his life s work 8 Although some species were relatively common many were rare some being known only from single specimens this is another factor that made studying the group difficult Turridiae was in this sense a heterogenous family that contained more or less all conoideans not included in the Conidae and Terebridae Most of this was based on radula and shell characters Taylor et al 1993 tried to rely more on anatomical characters and moved several subfamilies from Turridae to Conidae 9 2005 taxonomyAccording to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet amp Rocroi 2005 which attempted to set out a stable taxonomy this family consisted of the following five subfamilies 10 Turrinae H Adams amp A Adams 1853 1838 synonyms Pleurotominae Gray 1838 Lophiotominae Morrison 1965 n a Cochlespirinae Powell 1942 Crassispirinae McLean 1971 synonym Belinae A Bellardi 1875 Zemaciinae Sysoev 2003 Zonulispirinae McLean 19712011 taxonomyThe 2005 classification system for the group was greatly changed by the 2011 publication of an article revising the taxonomy of the superfamily Conoidea Bouchet P Kantor Yu I Sysoev A amp Puillandre N 2011 A new operational classification of the Conoidea Journal of Molluscan Studies 77 273 308 The authors presented a new classification of the superfamily Conoidea on the genus level based on anatomical characters but also on the molecular phylogeny as presented by Puillandre N et al 2008 11 The polyphyletic family Turridae was resolved into 13 monophyletic families containing 358 currently recognized genera and subgenera 12 Conorbidae Borsoniidae Clathurellidae Mitromorphidae Mangeliidae Raphitomidae Cochlespiridae Drilliidae Pseudomelatomidae Crassispiridae Clavatulidae Horaiclavidae Turridae s s Strictispiridae synonym of Pseudomelatomidae Morrison 1966Current genera EditGenera in the family Turridae sensu stricto include according to WoRMS 13 Polystira albida Coronia de Gregorio 1890 Coroniopsis MacNeil 1984 Cryptogemma Dall 1918 Daphnobela Cossmann 1896 Decollidrillia Habe amp Ito 1965 Eopleurotoma Cossmann 1889 Epalxis Cossmann 1889 Epidirella Iredale 1913 Gemmula Weinkauff 1875 Gemmuloborsonia Shuto 1989 Gemmulopsis Tracey amp Craig 2019 Ingaunoturricula M P Bernasconi amp Robba 1984 Iotyrris Medinskaya amp Sysoev 2001 Kuroshioturris Shuto 1961 Lophiotoma Casey 1904 Lucerapex Iredale 1936 Optoturris A W B Powell 1944 Oxyacrum Cossmann 1889 Pleuroliria De Gregorio 1890 Polystira Woodring 1928 Purpuraturris K Chase Watkins Safavi Hemami amp B M Olivera 2022 Turridrupa Hedley 1922 Turris Roding 1798 type genus Unedogemmula MacNeil 1961 Xenuroturris Iredale 1929SynonymyAnnulaturris Powell 1966 synonym of Turris Batsch 1789 Austrogemmula Laseron 1954 synonym of Epidirella Iredale 1913 Bathybermudia Haas 1949 synonym of Ptychosyrinx Thiele 1925 Clamturris Iredale 1931 synonym of Xenuroturris Iredale 1929 Eugemmula Iredale 1931 synonym of Gemmula Weinkauff 1875 Euryentmena synonym of Euryentmema Woodring 1928 misspelling Lophioturris Powell 1964 synonym of Lophiotoma Casey 1904 Oxytropa Glibert 1955 synonym of Polystira Woodring 1928 Pinguigemmula McNeil 1961 synonym of Cryptogemma Dall 1918 Pleurotoma Lamarck 1799 synonym of Turris Batsch 1789 Ptychosyrinx Thiele 1925 synonym of Cryptogemma Dall 1918Subfamily Strictispirinae McLean 1971 synonym of Strictispiridae McLean 1971 synonym of Pseudomelatomidae Morrison 1966 raised to family level References Edit a b MolluscaBase 2018 Turridae H Adams amp A Adams 1853 1838 Accessed through World Register of Marine Species at http www marinespecies org aphia php p taxdetails amp id 152 on 2018 07 22 Bouchet P 1990 Turrid genera and mode of development the use and abuse of protoconch morphology Malacologia 32 69 77 P J Hayward and J S Ryland Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North West Europe Oxford University Press 1995 ISBN 0 19 854054 X Duda T F Jr Kohn A J amp Palumbi S R 2001 Origins of diverse feeding ecologies within Conus a genus of venomous marine gastropods Biological Journal of the Linnean Society of London 73 391 409 Kantor Yuri I John D Taylor 2000 Formation of marginal radular teeth in Conoidea Neogastropoda and the evolution of the hypodermic envenomation mechanism Journal of Zoology Cambridge University Press 252 2 251 262 doi 10 1111 j 1469 7998 2000 tb00620 x Sysoev A V 1993 Appendix 2 Genus group taxa of Recent Turridae S L Bulletin of the Natural History Museum of London Zoology 59 163 169 Sysoev A V 1991 Preliminary analysis of the relationship between turrids Gastropoda Toxoglossa Turridae with different types of radular apparatus in various Recent and fossil faunas Ruthenica 1 53 66 Melvill amp Standen 1901 Mollusks from the Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London v 2 1901 This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain Taylor JD Kantor YI Sysoev AV 1993 Foregut anatomy feedings mechanisms and classification of the Conoidea Toxoglossa Gastropoda Bull Nat Hist Mus Lond Zoology 59 125 170 Bouchet Philippe Rocroi Jean Pierre Fryda Jiri Hausdorf Bernard Ponder Winston Valdes Angel amp Waren Anders 2005 Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families Malacologia Hackenheim Germany ConchBooks 47 1 2 1 397 ISBN 3 925919 72 4 ISSN 0076 2997 Puillandre N et al 2008 Starting to unravel the toxoglossan knot molecular phylogeny of the turrids Neogastropoda Conoidea Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 2008 47 1122 1134 Nicolas Puillandre Renewed taxonomy phylogeny and species delimitation in an integrative framework Toxines et Signalisation Toxins and Signalling Rencontres en Toxinologie Meeting on Toxinology 2009 Editions de la SFET SFET Editions Turridae WoRMS accessed 18 November 2015Further reading EditGrant U S amp H R Gale 1931 3 November Catalogue of the marine Pliocene and Pleistocene Mollusca of California and adjacent regions with notes on their morphology classification and nomenclature and a special treatment of the Pectinidae and the Turridae including a few Miocene and Recent species together with a summary of the stratigraphic relations of the formations involved Memoirs of the San Diego Society of Natural History 1 1036 pp 32 pls Powell A W B 1942 15 July The New Zealand Recent and fossil Mollusca of the family Turridae with general notes on turrid nomenclature and systematics Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum 2 188 pp 14 pls Powell A W B 1964 The family Turridae in the Indo Pacific Part 1 The subfamily Turrinae Indo Pacific Mollusca 1 227 345 Morrison J P E 1966 28 February On the families of Turridae The American Malacological Union Annual Reports for 1965 1 2 Oyama K 1966 On living Japanese Turridae Venus 25 1 1 20 Powell A W B 1966 The molluscan families Speightiidae and Turridae an evaluation of the valid taxa both Recent and fossil with list of characteristic species Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum 5 184 pp 23 pls Powell A W B 1969 9 September The family Turridae in the Indo Pacific Part 2 The subfamily Turriculinae Indo Pacific Mollusca 2 10 207 415 pls 188 324 Sabelli B amp G Spada 1977 Guida illustrata all identificazione delle conchiglie del Mediterraneo Fam Turridae I Conchiglie 13 3 4 Supplemento 2 pp 1 pl Kilburn R N 1983 Turridae Mollusca Gastropoda of southern Africa and Mozambique Part 1 Subfamily Turrinae Ann Natal Mus 25 549 585 McLean J 1971 A revised classification of the family Turridae with the proposal of new subfamilies genera and subgenera from the Eastern Pacific Veliger 14 114 130 Vera Pelaez J L J Martinell amp M C Lozano Francisco 1999 June Turridae Gastropoda Prosobranchia of the Lower Pliocene from Malaga Spain Iberus 17 1 1 1 Vera pelaez J L 2002 29 November Revision de la familia Turridae excepto Clavatulinae Gastropoda Prosobranchia en el Plioceno de las cuencas de Estepona Malaga y Velez Malaga Malaga S Espana con la descripcion de 26 especies nuevas Pliocenica 2 176 262 Tucker J K 2004 Catalog of recent and fossil turrids Mollusca Gastropoda Zootaxa 682 1 1295 Kilburn Richard N Alexander E Fedosov and Baldomero M Olivera Revision of the genus Turris Gastropoda Conoidea Turridae with the description of six new species Zootaxa 3244 1 2012 1External links EditW H Dall 1918 Notes on the nomenclature of the mollusks of the family Turritidae Proceedings of the United States National Museum v 54 1918 older Turrid Classification permanent dead link Tucker J K 2004 Catalog of recent and fossil turrids Mollusca Gastropoda Zootaxa 682 1 1295 Sealifebase Species mentioned in Tucker J K 2004 Catalog of recent and fossil turrids Mollusca Gastropoda Zootaxa 682 1 1295 Miocene Gastropods and Biostratigraphy of the Kern River Area California United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 642 This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain Worldwide Mollusc Species Data Base Turridae Wikimedia Commons has media related to Turridae Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Turridae amp oldid 1131292258, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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