The genus Chrysoperla was first described by H. Steinmann in 1964 as a subgenus of Chrysopa as Chrysopa (Chrysoperla). His original diagnosis based on facial markings was found to be unreliable by B. Tjeder in 1966, who revised Steinmann's subgeneric classification based on details of male genitalia. In 1970, H. Hölzel revised these subgenera further and moved Chrysoperla to a subgenus of Atlantochrysa as Atlantochrysa (Chrysoperla). It wasn't until 1977 that Chrysoperla was elevated to a full genus by Y. Séméria, based on the combination of the absence of a gonapsis in males, lack of carrying a debris packet in larvae, and overwintering as an adult.[2] This series of revisions further caused species to be moved between genera several times as the taxa, particularly Chrysopa and Chrysoperla, were being redefined.[5] The monophyly of the genus was verified in the revision of Chrysopidae genera by Brooks and Barnard in 1990.[6][2]
Larva of a Chrysoperla species from Italy
Description and identificationedit
Chrysoperla is one of several green lacewing genera with adults having a pale, yellowish stripe down the middle of the body. It is typically separated from other such genera by the short intramedian cell (im), which doesn't overlap the first crossvein from the radial sector. This genus, however, is defined predominantly based on male genitalia. Chrysoperla is one of six genera possessing an arcuate tignum and three genera to lack a gonapsis. It is distinguished from all other green lacewing genera by the presence of spinellae on the gonosaccus in the male genitalia.[6]
Chrysoperla species may be identical in terms of morphology, but can be readily separated based on the vibration signals used to attract mates.[6] For example, the southern European C. mediterranea looks almost identical to its northern relative C. carnea, but their courtship "songs" are very different; individuals of one species will not react to the other's vibrations.[7]
Distributionedit
This genus has a cosmopolitan distribution.[6][2] Species in this genus are particularly common in both Europe and North America.[5]
Speciesedit
There are 67 described species of Chrysoperla. New species of the genus are still being described, particularly since the genus contains at least one cryptic species complex.
There are at least 8 additional "song species" that have been identified within the Chrysoperla carnea group but have yet to be formally described.[10]
Chrysoperla carnea-kyrgyzstan - Kyrgyzstan
Chrysoperla downesi-1 - eastern United States
Chrysoperla downesi-china - China
Chrysoperla downesi-kyrgyzstan - Kyrgyzstan
Chrysoperla downesi-western - western United States
Chrysoperla nipponensis-a2 - Asia
Chrysoperla nipponensis-b - Asia
Galleryedit
Chrysoperla from Oxford, England
Chrysoperla larva feeding on aphid in Italy
Chrysoperla from France
Chrysoperla from France
Chrysoperla from Brión, Galicia, Spain
Chrysoperla from Russia
Referencesedit
^ Villenave-Chasset, Johanna; Thierry, Dominique; Al Mamun, Abdullah; Lodé, Thierry; Rat-Morris, Elizabeth (2005). "The pollens consumed by common green lacewings Chrysoperla spp. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in cabbage crop environment in western France". 2005European Journal of Entomology. 102 (3): 547–552. doi:10.14411/eje.2005.078.
^ abcdBrooks, S.J. (1994). "A taxonomic review of the common green lacewing genus Chrysoperla (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)" (PDF). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology. 63 (2): 137–210. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
^ Engel, Michael S.; Grimaldi, David A. (2007). "The neuropterid fauna of Dominican and Mexican amber (Neuropterida, Megaloptera, Neuroptera)". American Museum Novitates (3587): 1–58. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3587[1:TNFODA]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 49393365. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
^ abShakir, Hafiz Usman; Anjum, Najuf Awais; Ali, Qurban; Saleem, Shahzad; Awais, Muhammad; Anwar, Tauqir (2015). "Molecular systematics of Chrysoperla carnea group (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in Punjab, Pakistan". 2015Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences. 3 (1): 12–15. doi:10.17957/JGIASS/3.1.677. S2CID 88722322. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
^ abcdBrooks, S.J.; Barnard, P.C. (1990). "The green lacewings of the world: a generic review (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)" (PDF). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology. 59 (2): 117–286. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
^ Henry, Charles S.; Brooks, Stephen J.; Johnson, James B.; Duelli, Peter (1999). "Revised concept of Chrysoperla mediterranea (Hölzel), a green lacewing associated with conifers: courtship songs across 2800 kilometres of Europe (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)". Systematic Entomology. 24 (4): 335–350. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3113.1999.00085.x. S2CID 84665891.
^Henry, Charles S.; Taylor, Katherine L.; Johnson, J.B. (2019). "A new lacewing species of the Chrysoperla carnea species-group from central Asia associated with conifers (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)". Journal of Natural History. 53 (21–22): 1277–1300. doi:10.1080/00222933.2019.1644385. S2CID 202006791.
^Canard, Michel; Thierry, Dominique (2020). "Description of a new species of Chrysoperla Steinmann, 1964 of the Ch. mediterranea Hölzel, 1972 group from Europe (Neuropterida, Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)". Linzer biologische Beiträge. 52 (1): 141–149. doi:10.5281/zenodo.5275235.
^ Oswald, John D. (Jul 2018). "Chrysoperla advanced search results in Neuropterida Species of the World". Lacewing Digital Library. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
External linksedit
Media related to Chrysoperla at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Chrysoperla at Wikispecies
January 01, 1970
chrysoperla, genus, common, green, lacewings, neuropteran, family, chrysopidae, therein, they, belong, chrysopini, largest, tribe, subfamily, chrysopinae, their, larvae, predatory, feed, aphids, members, this, genus, have, been, used, biological, pest, control. Chrysoperla is a genus of common green lacewings in the neuropteran family Chrysopidae 1 Therein they belong to the Chrysopini the largest tribe of subfamily Chrysopinae 2 Their larvae are predatory and feed on aphids and members of this genus have been used in biological pest control 3 4 Chrysoperla Adult Chrysoperla sp photographed in France Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Arthropoda Class Insecta Order Neuroptera Family Chrysopidae Subfamily Chrysopinae Tribe Chrysopini Genus ChrysoperlaSteinmann 1964 Diversity Over 60 species Contents 1 Taxonomy and phylogeny 2 Description and identification 3 Distribution 4 Species 4 1 Provisional taxa 5 Gallery 6 References 7 External linksTaxonomy and phylogeny editThe genus Chrysoperla was first described by H Steinmann in 1964 as a subgenus of Chrysopa as Chrysopa Chrysoperla His original diagnosis based on facial markings was found to be unreliable by B Tjeder in 1966 who revised Steinmann s subgeneric classification based on details of male genitalia In 1970 H Holzel revised these subgenera further and moved Chrysoperla to a subgenus of Atlantochrysa as Atlantochrysa Chrysoperla It wasn t until 1977 that Chrysoperla was elevated to a full genus by Y Semeria based on the combination of the absence of a gonapsis in males lack of carrying a debris packet in larvae and overwintering as an adult 2 This series of revisions further caused species to be moved between genera several times as the taxa particularly Chrysopa and Chrysoperla were being redefined 5 The monophyly of the genus was verified in the revision of Chrysopidae genera by Brooks and Barnard in 1990 6 2 nbsp Larva of a Chrysoperla species from ItalyDescription and identification editChrysoperla is one of several green lacewing genera with adults having a pale yellowish stripe down the middle of the body It is typically separated from other such genera by the short intramedian cell im which doesn t overlap the first crossvein from the radial sector This genus however is defined predominantly based on male genitalia Chrysoperla is one of six genera possessing an arcuate tignum and three genera to lack a gonapsis It is distinguished from all other green lacewing genera by the presence of spinellae on the gonosaccus in the male genitalia 6 Chrysoperla species may be identical in terms of morphology but can be readily separated based on the vibration signals used to attract mates 6 For example the southern European C mediterranea looks almost identical to its northern relative C carnea but their courtship songs are very different individuals of one species will not react to the other s vibrations 7 Distribution editThis genus has a cosmopolitan distribution 6 2 Species in this genus are particularly common in both Europe and North America 5 Species editThere are 67 described species of Chrysoperla New species of the genus are still being described particularly since the genus contains at least one cryptic species complex Chrysoperla adamsi Henry Wells amp Pupedis 1993 Chrysoperla affinis Henry et al 2003 Chrysoperla agilis Henry Brooks Duelli amp Johnson 2003 Chrysoperla ankylopteryformis Monserrat amp Diaz Aranda 1989 Chrysoperla annae Brooks 1994 Chrysoperla argentina Gonzalez amp Reguilon 2002 Chrysoperla asoralis Banks 1915 Chrysoperla barberina Navas 1932 Chrysoperla bellatula X k Yang amp C k Yang 1992 Chrysoperla bolti Henry et al 2018 Chrysoperla brevicollis Rambur 1842 Chrysoperla calocedrii Henry et al 2012 Chrysoperla carnea Stephens 1836 Chrysoperla chusanina Navas 1933 Chrysoperla comanche Banks 1938 Chrysoperla comans Tjeder 1966 Chrysoperla congrua Walker 1853 Chrysoperla decaryana Navas 1934 Chrysoperla defreitasi Brooks 1994 Chrysoperla deserticola Holzel amp Ohm 2003 Chrysoperla downesi Smith 1932 Chrysoperla dozieri R C Smith 1931 Chrysoperla duellii Henry 2019 8 Chrysoperla euneura X k Yang amp C k Yang 1992 Chrysoperla europaea Canard amp Thierry 2020 9 Chrysoperla exotera Navas 1914 Chrysoperla externa Hagen 1861 Chrysoperla exul McLachlan 1869 Chrysoperla furcifera Okamoto 1914 Chrysoperla galapagoensis Banks 1924 Chrysoperla gallagheri Holzel 1989 Chrysoperla genanigra de Freitas 2003 Chrysoperla hainanica X k Yang amp C k Yang 1992 Chrysoperla harrisii Fitch 1855 Chrysoperla heidarii Henry et al 2014 Chrysoperla insulata Fraser 1957 Chrysoperla johnsoni Henry Wells amp Pupedis 1993 Chrysoperla longicaudata X k Yang amp C k Yang 1992 Chrysoperla lucasina Lacroix 1912 Chrysoperla mediterranea Holzel 1972 Chrysoperla mexicana Brooks 1994 Chrysoperla mutata McLachlan 1898 Chrysoperla nigrinervis Brooks 1994 Chrysoperla nigrocapitata Henry et al 2015 Chrysoperla nipponensis Okamoto 1914 Chrysoperla nyerina Navas 1933 Chrysoperla oblita Holzel 1973 Chrysoperla orestes Banks 1911 Chrysoperla pallida Henry Brooks Duelli amp Johnson 2002 Chrysoperla plicata Tjeder 1966 Chrysoperla plorabunda Fitch 1855 Chrysoperla pudica Navas 1914 Chrysoperla qinlingensis C k Yang amp X k Yang 1989 Chrysoperla raimundoi de Freitas amp Penny 2001 Chrysoperla renoni Lacroix 1933 Chrysoperla rotundata Navas 1929 Chrysoperla rufilabris Burmeister 1839 Chrysoperla savioi Navas 1933 Chrysoperla shahrudensis Henry et al 2018 Chrysoperla siamensis Brooks 1994 Chrysoperla sola X k Yang amp C k Yang 1992 Chrysoperla suzukii Okamoto 1919 Chrysoperla thelephora C k Yang amp X k Yang 1989 Chrysoperla volcanicola Holzel et al 1999 Chrysoperla xizangana C k Yang et al in F s Huang et al 1988 Chrysoperla yulinica C k Yang amp X k Yang 1989 Chrysoperla zastrowi Esben Petersen 1928 Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi Esben Petersen 1935 Provisional taxa edit There are at least 8 additional song species that have been identified within the Chrysoperla carnea group but have yet to be formally described 10 Chrysoperla carnea kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan Chrysoperla downesi 1 eastern United States Chrysoperla downesi china China Chrysoperla downesi kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan Chrysoperla downesi western western United States Chrysoperla nipponensis a2 Asia Chrysoperla nipponensis b AsiaGallery edit nbsp Chrysoperla from Oxford England source source source source source source source source Chrysoperla larva feeding on aphid in Italy nbsp Chrysoperla from France nbsp Chrysoperla from France nbsp Chrysoperla from Brion Galicia Spain nbsp Chrysoperla from RussiaReferences edit Villenave Chasset Johanna Thierry Dominique Al Mamun Abdullah Lode Thierry Rat Morris Elizabeth 2005 The pollens consumed by common green lacewings Chrysoperla spp Neuroptera Chrysopidae in cabbage crop environment in western France 2005European Journal of Entomology 102 3 547 552 doi 10 14411 eje 2005 078 a b c d Brooks S J 1994 A taxonomic review of the common green lacewing genus Chrysoperla Neuroptera Chrysopidae PDF Bulletin of the British Museum Natural History Entomology 63 2 137 210 Retrieved 2022 01 24 New T R 2002 Prospects for extending the use of Australian lacewings in biological control PDF Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 2 209 216 Engel Michael S Grimaldi David A 2007 The neuropterid fauna of Dominican and Mexican amber Neuropterida Megaloptera Neuroptera American Museum Novitates 3587 1 58 doi 10 1206 0003 0082 2007 3587 1 TNFODA 2 0 CO 2 S2CID 49393365 Retrieved 2022 01 24 a b Shakir Hafiz Usman Anjum Najuf Awais Ali Qurban Saleem Shahzad Awais Muhammad Anwar Tauqir 2015 Molecular systematics of Chrysoperla carnea group Neuroptera Chrysopidae in Punjab Pakistan 2015Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences 3 1 12 15 doi 10 17957 JGIASS 3 1 677 S2CID 88722322 Retrieved 2022 01 24 a b c d Brooks S J Barnard P C 1990 The green lacewings of the world a generic review Neuroptera Chrysopidae PDF Bulletin of the British Museum Natural History Entomology 59 2 117 286 Retrieved 2022 01 24 Henry Charles S Brooks Stephen J Johnson James B Duelli Peter 1999 Revised concept of Chrysoperla mediterranea Holzel a green lacewing associated with conifers courtship songs across 2800 kilometres of Europe Neuroptera Chrysopidae Systematic Entomology 24 4 335 350 doi 10 1046 j 1365 3113 1999 00085 x S2CID 84665891 Henry Charles S Taylor Katherine L Johnson J B 2019 A new lacewing species of the Chrysoperla carnea species group from central Asia associated with conifers Neuroptera Chrysopidae Journal of Natural History 53 21 22 1277 1300 doi 10 1080 00222933 2019 1644385 S2CID 202006791 Canard Michel Thierry Dominique 2020 Description of a new species of Chrysoperla Steinmann 1964 of the Ch mediterranea Holzel 1972 group from Europe Neuropterida Neuroptera Chrysopidae Linzer biologische Beitrage 52 1 141 149 doi 10 5281 zenodo 5275235 Oswald John D Jul 2018 Chrysoperla advanced search results in Neuropterida Species of the World Lacewing Digital Library Retrieved 2022 01 24 External links edit nbsp Media related to Chrysoperla at Wikimedia Commons nbsp Data related to Chrysoperla at Wikispecies Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chrysoperla amp oldid 1189334943, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
