Chromatics Inc.
Chromatics Inc. was a color graphics display manufacturer based in Tucker, Georgia.[1] Their systems predated the personal computer era of inexpensive graphics displays, and were typically used as peripheral devices, connected to a mainframe or minicomputer. In some configurations, a Chromatics graphics terminal could be used as a stand-alone workstation, with disk drives and an operating system.
| Industry | Electronics |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1976 |
| Headquarters | Tucker, Georgia |
Key people | Terry Hughey, Roger Moonen, Dave Scott |
| Products | Color graphic display systems |
Chromatics pursued the higher performance end of the graphics marketplace, including such applications as flight simulation and air traffic control. They sold many systems into military and government contracts. Several configurations received Tempest certification. Others were ruggedized to withstand shock and vibration.
History Edit
The company was founded in 1976 by Terry Hughey, who left Intelligent Systems Corporation (another manufacturer of graphics terminals) to focus on higher-end systems.[2] Other principals included Dave Scott (Vice President of Digital Engineering) and Roger Moonen (Vice President of Analog Engineering). Chromatics was acquired by Barco NV in 1990,[3] with Scott becoming president of U.S. operations for Barco.[4]
Products Edit
CG Series Edit
The CG series included a graphics display, processor, and memory. In its most basic configuration, it would be connected via an RS-232 serial port to a larger computer. Programs running on that "host" machine would generate commands in Chromatics' proprietary graphics language, and transmit them to the CG. Such commands would cause the CG to draw primitive shapes (lines, circles, rectangles, etc.) in various colors, which could be combined to form more complex images. A typical command to draw a circle would be: <02> C 256,256,100, where the single ASCII character <02> (or STX) represents the Plot command, C indicates a circle, and the three numbers represent the circle's X-Y position and radius.
A CG system could also include 8" floppy diskette drives, a disk operating system for storing graphics images, and a version of Microsoft BASIC. These allowed the CG to be used as a standalone workstation, able to generate images without being connected to a host machine. Later enhancements included a Color Lookup Table and arithmetic processing unit.[5]
CGC 7900 Edit
The CGC 7900 was developed as a successor to the CG. It had a larger display, a more powerful processor, and more displayable colors (256 vs. 8). It retained backward compatibility with the CG's graphics language. A Color Lookup Table allowed each of its 256 displayable colors to be mapped to any of 224 (16,777,216) colors. This enabled smooth shading of certain images, but not true photographic realism. The display hardware also included a text overlay frame buffer capable of displaying 85x48 characters in 8 colors, on top of the main graphic image. Screen resolution was 1024x768 pixels at 60 Hz refresh rate (interlaced).[6]
The 7900 could also be configured with disk drives, including a Quantum 8" hard drive storing 40 MB. The drives could be used for simple file storage, as with the CG. A version of Idris, a Unix-like operating system, was also available.
Entry-level price for the 7900 (without disk drives) was $19,995, for a display system comparable to the XGA displays which would be a standard feature of personal computers less than a decade later.
CT Series Edit
The CT series was a lower-cost product for Chromatics, designed around the recently introduced NEC µPD7220 graphics display controller chip. It was their only product built using a single circuit board. It was also the only series which could not be configured with disk storage and a disk-based operating system.
The CT4100 model had the same form factor as other CT series machines, but was the only Chromatics system with character-cell (not pixel-addressable) graphics. It was intended to directly compete in the process control display terminal market, against Hughey's previous company, Intelligent Systems. Due to the limited graphics flexibility available in this type of display, the CT4100 also included a downloadable character set allowing user-definable glyphs.
CX Series Edit
The CX series continued Chromatics work at the higher end of graphics display resolution. Models included the CX1536 (1536x1152 resolution), CX2000 (1280x1024 resolution), and CX2500 (2560x2048 resolution with a 29" monitor).
Feature Comparison Edit
| Introduced | Resolution | Bits/Pixel | Colors | CPU | Backplane | Operating System | Display Size | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CG Series | 1978 | 512x512 | 3 | 8 | Z80 | Proprietary | Proprietary | 14" |
| CGC 7900 | 1980 | 1024x768 | 8 | 256 | 68000 | Versabus | Proprietary, Idris | 19" |
| CT Series | 1981 | 1024x768 | 8 | 256 | Z80 | None | None | 13" |
| CX Series | 1984 | 1536x1152 and up | 8-24 | 256-16M | 68020 | VMEbus | Unix | 19" and up |
In popular culture Edit
A CGC 7900 system was used to generate preliminary (wire-frame) animation artwork for the Disney movie, Tron.[7]
Both the CG and CGC 7900 systems had large keyboards with dedicated function keys to select colors, choose graphics modes, and perform similar operations. These keys allowed many functions to be performed interactively, without the use of a computer program to generate images. The 7900 keyboard was featured on the cover of Scientific American magazine.[8]
References Edit
- ^ InfoWorld 1982 Vol.4 week 23 p5 "Chromatics, a color-graphic-display manufacturer ..."
- ^ Jakobson, Cathryn. "The Man Who Never Wanted To Be President", Inc, 1 September 1981. Retrieved on 23 May 2013.
- ^ Dunn Report, Electronic Publishing & Prepress Systems News & Views - 1990 weeks 1-12 p133 "The Belgian Barco Group has acquired Chromatics, a private company founded in 1976 and based in Tucker, Georgia, USA. This confirms the Barco strategy of acquiring complementary products in its own core activities and developing a ...
- ^ "Business Week Executive Profile"[dead link], Retrieved on 23 May 2013.
- ^ Computerworld - 1981 June 1 p57 "TUCKER, Ga. — Chromatics, Inc. has introduced a series of enhancements to its CG series of color graphics computers, including a color lookup table that expands the color menu to more than 16 million shades ..."
- ^ 7900 Hardware Reference Manual, p. 93
- ^ Hutchison, David. "TRON - Changing The Laws Of Physics", Starlog, September 1982. Retrieved on 23 May 2013.
- ^ Scientific American, September 1982.
External links Edit
- PDF copies of Chromatics CGC 7900 instruction manuals