The precise etymology of the word Chardo is unclear. Two most probable explanations are as follows:[7]
The roots of this Konkani word is said to lie in the Prakrit word Chavda, which is the name of a dynasty who are said to have migrated to Old Goa from Saurashtra in the 7th and 8th centuries, after their kingdom was destroyed by the Sunni Caliphate's conquest in around 740 AD.[7]
Another explanation given by historian B.D. Satoskar is that the Konkani word comes from the Sanskrit word Chatur-rathi or the Prakrit Chau-radi, which literally means "the ones who ride a chariot yoked with four horses".[7]
Originsedit
Kshatriyas of the Konkan region were composed of landlords and the warrior class, they ranked second in the Hindu Varna system. Those who were into trading by profession, were known as Chattim, which was an occupational appellation common to Brahmans as well.[2] The origins of this Christian caste can be traced back to the Christianisation of the Velhas Conquistas (Portuguese: Old Conquests) by the Portuguese East Indies during the 16th and 17th centuries.[2]Missionaries of the Jesuit, Franciscan & Dominican Orders converted many Kshatriyas to Christianity.[8] The caste appellation of Chardo eventually fell into disuse among the remaining few Hindu Kshatriyas, who began calling themselves Maratha, in order to differentiate themselves from those Kshatriyas who had embraced Christianity and to also align themselves with the ascendant Hindu Mahrattas in the neighbouring Mahratta Confederacy.[2] The Kshatriyas and Vaishya Vanis, who were among the last to convert, were incorporated into the Chardo caste.[2]
The earliest known instance of Goan Kshatriya conversions to Christianity took place in 1560, when 700 Kshatriyas were baptised en masse at Carambolim in Tiswadi. Their decision to embrace Christianity was made after deliberation of the village assembly, and came about as they were subjects of the Portuguese government.[9] Another instance of a Kshatriya group of 200 members being baptized en masse at Batim in Bardez, in August, 1560; the event is mentioned in a letter of a Jesuit missionary, Luís Fróis, dated 13 November 1560.[9]
The Charodis form the second largest group in the Mangalorean Catholic community.[1] In South Canara, many Charodis took up service in the army of the Keladi Nayakas, and came to constitute the bulk of the Christian soldiers in their army. The Lewis-Naik family of Kallianpur near Udupi, produced many distinguished soldiers and officers in the Keladi army. In recognition of their service, the Nayakas rewarded them with large tracts of land in Kallianpur.[10] During the Indian independence struggle, Chardos were perceived by Indian nationalists to be more sympathetic to Indian nationalist leanings and less likely to be pro-European loyalists than Bamonns.[11]
The Chardos have generally been an endogamous group, so they did not inter-marry or mingle with lower castes, while the statutes and norms of the Roman Catholic Church and the Portuguese authorities prevented them from discriminating against the latter.[12]Padvals are a subcaste within Roman Catholic Cxatrias of Jain Bunt origin.
Desai, Nishtha (2000). (PDF). Lusotopie: 469–476. Archived from the original (PDF, 36 KB) on 22 March 2012. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
Gomes, Olivinho (1987). Village Goa: a study of Goan social structure and change. S. Chand.
Gune, Vithal Trimbak, ed. (1979). Gazetteer of the Union Territory: Goa, Daman and Diu. District Gazetteer Part 1: Goa. Gazetteer Dept., Govt. of the Union Territory of Goa, Daman and Diu.
Pereira, Benegal, , Goacom.com, archived from the original on 27 September 2011, retrieved 19 April 2011
Pinto, Pius Fidelis (1999). History of Christians in coastal Karnataka, 1500–1763 A.D. Mangalore: Samanvaya Prakashan.
Prabhu, Alan Machado (1999). Sarasvati's Children: A History of the Mangalorean Christians. I.J.A. Publications. ISBN978-81-86778-25-8.
Robinson, Rowena (2003). Christians of India. SAGE. ISBN978-0-7619-9822-8. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
Silva, Severine; Fuchs, Stephan (1965). (PDF). Asian Ethnology. 2. 24: 1–52. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2011.
Sinha, Arun (2002). Goa Indica: a critical portrait of postcolonial Goa. Bibliophile South Asia. ISBN978-81-85002-31-6.
Further readingedit
Morenas, Zenaides (2002). The Mussoll dance of Chandor: the dance of the Christian Kshatriyas. Clarissa Vaz e Morenas Konkani Research Fellowship Endowment Fund..
January 01, 1970
roman, catholic, kshatriya, main, article, caste, system, among, south, asian, christians, also, simply, cxatrias, romi, konkani, indo, portuguese, indian, english, modern, christianised, caste, among, goan, bombay, east, indian, mangalorean, kudali, karwari, . Main article Caste system among South Asian Christians Roman Catholic Kshatriyas also simply Cxatrias in Romi Konkani Indo Portuguese amp Indian English are a modern Christianised caste among Goan Bombay East Indian Mangalorean Kudali amp Karwari Catholics They are patrilineal descendants of Kshatriya and Vaishya Vani converts to the Latin Church in parts of the Konkan region that were under Portuguese Goan rule 1 2 3 They are known as Chardo in Goan Konkani 4 Charodi Kanarese Tsaroḍi in Canarese Konkani 1 amp as Sandori or Vadval in Damanese and Mahraashtrian Konknni while others also identify as Bhandari or Khatri in their Bombay East Indian dialects 5 6 Roman Catholic KshatriyaChardoMartyrs of Cuncolim killed by dhoti clad warriors of pre Christian Konkani CxatriasLanguagesKonkani British English Hindi Urdu amp Bombay Mahratti Previously Indo Portuguese Latin amp SanskritReligionLatin Church in IndiaRelated ethnic groupsShetts Somvanshi Kshatriya Pathareis Daivajnas Christian Brahmins Aagri and Koli Christians Gauda and Kunbi Christians amp Chaukalshis Contents 1 Etymology 2 Origins 3 See also 4 Citations 5 References 6 Further readingEtymology editThe precise etymology of the word Chardo is unclear Two most probable explanations are as follows 7 The roots of this Konkani word is said to lie in the Prakrit word Chavda which is the name of a dynasty who are said to have migrated to Old Goa from Saurashtra in the 7th and 8th centuries after their kingdom was destroyed by the Sunni Caliphate s conquest in around 740 AD 7 Another explanation given by historian B D Satoskar is that the Konkani word comes from the Sanskrit word Chatur rathi or the Prakrit Chau radi which literally means the ones who ride a chariot yoked with four horses 7 Origins editKshatriyas of the Konkan region were composed of landlords and the warrior class they ranked second in the Hindu Varna system Those who were into trading by profession were known as Chattim which was an occupational appellation common to Brahmans as well 2 The origins of this Christian caste can be traced back to the Christianisation of the Velhas Conquistas Portuguese Old Conquests by the Portuguese East Indies during the 16th and 17th centuries 2 Missionaries of the Jesuit Franciscan amp Dominican Orders converted many Kshatriyas to Christianity 8 The caste appellation of Chardo eventually fell into disuse among the remaining few Hindu Kshatriyas who began calling themselves Maratha in order to differentiate themselves from those Kshatriyas who had embraced Christianity and to also align themselves with the ascendant Hindu Mahrattas in the neighbouring Mahratta Confederacy 2 The Kshatriyas and Vaishya Vanis who were among the last to convert were incorporated into the Chardo caste 2 The earliest known instance of Goan Kshatriya conversions to Christianity took place in 1560 when 700 Kshatriyas were baptised en masse at Carambolim in Tiswadi Their decision to embrace Christianity was made after deliberation of the village assembly and came about as they were subjects of the Portuguese government 9 Another instance of a Kshatriya group of 200 members being baptized en masse at Batim in Bardez in August 1560 the event is mentioned in a letter of a Jesuit missionary Luis Frois dated 13 November 1560 9 The Charodis form the second largest group in the Mangalorean Catholic community 1 In South Canara many Charodis took up service in the army of the Keladi Nayakas and came to constitute the bulk of the Christian soldiers in their army The Lewis Naik family of Kallianpur near Udupi produced many distinguished soldiers and officers in the Keladi army In recognition of their service the Nayakas rewarded them with large tracts of land in Kallianpur 10 During the Indian independence struggle Chardos were perceived by Indian nationalists to be more sympathetic to Indian nationalist leanings and less likely to be pro European loyalists than Bamonns 11 The Chardos have generally been an endogamous group so they did not inter marry or mingle with lower castes while the statutes and norms of the Roman Catholic Church and the Portuguese authorities prevented them from discriminating against the latter 12 Padvals are a subcaste within Roman Catholic Cxatrias of Jain Bunt origin See also edit nbsp Catholicism portal Christian Raajputs Reddy Catholics Christianisation of Goa Christianity in Goa Christianity in Karnataka Christianity in Maharashtra Christianity in Damaon Christianity in Gujarat Cuncolim Revolt Roman Catholicism in Goa Roman Catholicism in Mangalore Roman Catholicism in BombayCitations edit a b c Silva amp Fuchs 1965 p 4 a b c d e Gomes 1987 pp 77 78 Risley amp Crooke 1915 p 80 Pinto 1999 p 165 Singh K S India Anthropological Survey of 1998 India s Communities ISBN 978 0 19 563354 2 Poster EI Love 26 August 2017 a b c Gune 1979 p 21 Prabhu 1999 p 133 a b Pinto 1999 p 166 Pinto 1999 p 180 Desai 2000 p 5 Sinha 2002 p 74References editDesai Nishtha 2000 The Denationalisation of Goans An Insight into the Construction of Cultural Identity PDF Lusotopie 469 476 Archived from the original PDF 36 KB on 22 March 2012 Retrieved 19 April 2011 Gomes Olivinho 1987 Village Goa a study of Goan social structure and change S Chand Gune Vithal Trimbak ed 1979 Gazetteer of the Union Territory Goa Daman and Diu District Gazetteer Part 1 Goa Gazetteer Dept Govt of the Union Territory of Goa Daman and Diu Pereira Benegal The life and times of Eddie Sadashiva Pereira An extraordinary Goenkar 1915 1995 Goacom com archived from the original on 27 September 2011 retrieved 19 April 2011 Pinto Pius Fidelis 1999 History of Christians in coastal Karnataka 1500 1763 A D Mangalore Samanvaya Prakashan Prabhu Alan Machado 1999 Sarasvati s Children A History of the Mangalorean Christians I J A Publications ISBN 978 81 86778 25 8 Risley Herbert Hope Crooke William 1915 The people of India Thacker amp Co Retrieved 15 February 2012 Robinson Rowena 2003 Christians of India SAGE ISBN 978 0 7619 9822 8 Retrieved 19 April 2011 Silva Severine Fuchs Stephan 1965 The Marriage Customs of the Christians in South Canara India PDF Asian Ethnology 2 24 1 52 Archived from the original PDF on 20 March 2012 Retrieved 1 January 2011 Sinha Arun 2002 Goa Indica a critical portrait of postcolonial Goa Bibliophile South Asia ISBN 978 81 85002 31 6 Further reading editMorenas Zenaides 2002 The Mussoll dance of Chandor the dance of the Christian Kshatriyas Clarissa Vaz e Morenas Konkani Research Fellowship Endowment Fund Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Roman Catholic Kshatriya amp oldid 1224069792, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
