The group writes that the Choctaw-Apache Community of Ebarb began in the early 18th century, after the Spanish founded Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Los Adaes Presidio, a fort in the area defended by Mestizo and Spanish soldiers. They say they married or had unions with local Caddo, Adai, and formerly enslaved Lipan Apache women living in the area.[4][3]When the Spanish dissolved the fort in 1773 and ordered the soldiers to return to San Antonio, many remained behind with their families. They settled in the area of Zwolle and Ebarb.[3][6]
Following the Louisiana Purchase by the United States in 1803, bands of Choctaw began moving into this area in search of new hunting grounds.[3] Additional Choctaw were moved into the area by US Indian Agent John Sibley.[7][4] Twenty-one Choctaw families were listed in the 1870 Census for the area.[7]
In the 20th century, the people mostly worked in the timber and oil industries. They lived along the east bank of the Sabine River until the states of Texas and Louisiana created a project to dam it for flood control and power generation. The states claimed 180,000 acres of the ancestral land to create the Toledo Bend Reservoir. The people in the area were forced to move.[8][9]
The Ebarb community says they historically spoke a dialect of Spanish dating from the establishment of Los Adaes.[10] Due to the community's history, their dialect is derived from rural Mexican Spanish of the late 18th century, and bears little resemblance to Isleño Spanish.[11] A similar dialect has been spoken around Moral, west of Nacogdoches, on the other side of the Toledo Bend Reservoir, which also derives from the Los Adaes settlement. This dialect is very endangered; as of the 1980s, there were no more than 50 fluent speakers on either side of the Sabine River.[12]
Membershipedit
In 2008, the group reported they had 2,300 members living in the area and additional members in other regions.[7]
Organizationedit
The group formed a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization in 1977, with the mission "to assist tribe members and obtain federal recognition. Continued to work on member documentation needed for federal recognition."[1]
State-recognitionedit
Louisiana state-recognized the Choctaw-Apache Community of Ebarb by legislative action in 1978 (also reported as 1977).[7][3]
Petition for federal recognitionedit
On March 22, 1978, John W. Procell sent the Choctaw-Apache Community of Ebarb's letter of intent to petition for federal recognition to the US Department of the Interior.[13] Raymond L. Ebarb sent the petition for federal recognition in 1978;[14] however, they do not have a petition in process.[15]
Abernathy, Francis (1976). "The Spanish on the Moral". The Bicentennial Commemorative History of Nacogdoches. Nacogdoches: Nacogdoches Jaycees. pp. 21–33.
Kniffen, Fred B.; Gregory, Hiram F.; Stokes, George A. (1987). The Historic Indian Tribes of Louisiana. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. pp. 303–305. ISBN978-0-8071-1963-1.
Lipski, John M. (1987). "El dialecto español de Río Sabinas: vestigios del español mexicano en Luisiana y Texas". Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica (in Spanish). 35 (1): 111–28. doi:10.24201/nrfh.v35i1.624. JSTOR 40298730.
Lipski, John M. (2008). Varieties of Spanish in the United States. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. ISBN9781589012134.
Notesedit
^ abcdefghijk"Choctaw-Apache Community of Ebarb". Cause IQ. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
^ ab. National Conference of State Legislatures. Archived from the original on 25 October 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
^ abcdefgLee, Dayna Bowker. "Louisiana Indians In The 21st Century". Folklife in Louisiana: Louisiana's Living Traditions. Retrieved 2014-07-24.
^"Choctaw-Apache Tribe of Ebarb". Toledo-Bend.com. from the original on 2022-02-08. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
^"Legacy of Los Adaes". Texas Beyond History. Retrieved 2014-07-24.
^ abcdWelborn, Vickie (15 December 2008). . OurTown. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
^Teal, Rolonda (October 2011). "Displaced Residents of the Sabine River". Stephen F. Austin State University. from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
^Hendrix, Lindsey (24 November 2020). "Advancing A 'Strong Healing Heritage' In Nursing Education". Texas A&M Today. from the original on 6 April 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
^"List of Petitions by States (as of November 12, 2013)" (PDF). US Department of the Interior. p. 24. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
^Lovett (December 27, 1978). "Forty Indian Groups Petition For Federal Status 1As Tribes". Office of Federal Acknowledgment. US Dept. of the Interior, Indian Affairs. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
^"Petitions in Process as of Tue Jul 25, 2023". Office of Federal Acknowledgment. US Dept. of the Interior, Indian Affairs. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
^"Choctaw Apache Tribe of EBARB, 28th Annual Pow Wow". Powwows.com. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
External linksedit
Official website
December 15, 2023
choctaw, apache, tribe, ebarb, choctaw, apache, community, ebarb, also, known, state, recognized, tribe, nonprofit, organization, louisiana, community, describes, themselves, descendants, choctaw, lipan, apache, people, primarily, based, town, zwolle, louisian. The Choctaw Apache Community of Ebarb also known as the Choctaw Apache Tribe of Ebarb is a state recognized tribe and nonprofit organization in Louisiana 2 The community describes themselves as the descendants of Choctaw and Lipan Apache people 3 4 and is primarily based in the town of Zwolle Louisiana with powwow grounds in Ebarb Louisiana both of which are in Sabine Parish Louisiana where the group say they have lived since the early 18th century 5 3 Choctaw ApacheTribe of Ebarb 1 Named afterChoctaw people Apache people Ebarb LouisianaTypestate recognized tribe nonprofit organizationTax ID no EIN 72 0875349 1 Legal statusschool charity 1 PurposeB82 Scholarships Student Financial Aid Services 1 LocationZwolle Louisiana 1 United StatesMembership 2015 3 000ChairmanThomas Rivers 1 Revenue 2018 10 211 1 Expenses 2018 14 001 1 Fundinggrants contributions 1 Staff 2018 3 1 Websitechoctawapachetribeebarb wbr orgThey are not federally recognized as a Native American tribe 2 3 4 Contents 1 History 2 Language 3 Membership 4 Organization 5 State recognition 6 Petition for federal recognition 7 Activities 8 Further reading 9 Notes 10 External linksHistory editThe group writes that the Choctaw Apache Community of Ebarb began in the early 18th century after the Spanish founded Nuestra Senora del Pilar de Los Adaes Presidio a fort in the area defended by Mestizo and Spanish soldiers They say they married or had unions with local Caddo Adai and formerly enslaved Lipan Apache women living in the area 4 3 When the Spanish dissolved the fort in 1773 and ordered the soldiers to return to San Antonio many remained behind with their families They settled in the area of Zwolle and Ebarb 3 6 Following the Louisiana Purchase by the United States in 1803 bands of Choctaw began moving into this area in search of new hunting grounds 3 Additional Choctaw were moved into the area by US Indian Agent John Sibley 7 4 Twenty one Choctaw families were listed in the 1870 Census for the area 7 In the 20th century the people mostly worked in the timber and oil industries They lived along the east bank of the Sabine River until the states of Texas and Louisiana created a project to dam it for flood control and power generation The states claimed 180 000 acres of the ancestral land to create the Toledo Bend Reservoir The people in the area were forced to move 8 9 Language editMain article Sabine River Spanish The Ebarb community says they historically spoke a dialect of Spanish dating from the establishment of Los Adaes 10 Due to the community s history their dialect is derived from rural Mexican Spanish of the late 18th century and bears little resemblance to Isleno Spanish 11 A similar dialect has been spoken around Moral west of Nacogdoches on the other side of the Toledo Bend Reservoir which also derives from the Los Adaes settlement This dialect is very endangered as of the 1980s there were no more than 50 fluent speakers on either side of the Sabine River 12 Membership editIn 2008 the group reported they had 2 300 members living in the area and additional members in other regions 7 Organization editThe group formed a 501 c 3 nonprofit organization in 1977 with the mission to assist tribe members and obtain federal recognition Continued to work on member documentation needed for federal recognition 1 State recognition editLouisiana state recognized the Choctaw Apache Community of Ebarb by legislative action in 1978 also reported as 1977 7 3 Petition for federal recognition editOn March 22 1978 John W Procell sent the Choctaw Apache Community of Ebarb s letter of intent to petition for federal recognition to the US Department of the Interior 13 Raymond L Ebarb sent the petition for federal recognition in 1978 14 however they do not have a petition in process 15 Activities editThe group hosts an annual powwow in mid April in Noble Louisiana 16 Further reading editAbernathy Francis 1976 The Spanish on the Moral The Bicentennial Commemorative History of Nacogdoches Nacogdoches Nacogdoches Jaycees pp 21 33 Kniffen Fred B Gregory Hiram F Stokes George A 1987 The Historic Indian Tribes of Louisiana Baton Rouge Louisiana State University Press pp 303 305 ISBN 978 0 8071 1963 1 Lipski John M 1987 El dialecto espanol de Rio Sabinas vestigios del espanol mexicano en Luisiana y Texas Nueva Revista de Filologia Hispanica in Spanish 35 1 111 28 doi 10 24201 nrfh v35i1 624 JSTOR 40298730 Lipski John M 2008 Varieties of Spanish in the United States Washington D C Georgetown University Press ISBN 9781589012134 Notes edit a b c d e f g h i j k Choctaw Apache Community of Ebarb Cause IQ Retrieved 26 February 2022 a b State Recognized Tribes National Conference of State Legislatures Archived from the original on 25 October 2022 Retrieved 26 February 2022 a b c d e f g Lee Dayna Bowker Louisiana Indians In The 21st Century Folklife in Louisiana Louisiana s Living Traditions Retrieved 2014 07 24 a b c d Kniffen Gregory amp Stokes 1987 pp 303 305 Choctaw Apache Tribe of Ebarb Toledo Bend com Archived from the original on 2022 02 08 Retrieved 21 June 2022 Legacy of Los Adaes Texas Beyond History Retrieved 2014 07 24 a b c d Welborn Vickie 15 December 2008 Choctaw Apache Tribe Growing OurTown Archived from the original on 24 September 2015 Retrieved 26 February 2022 Teal Rolonda October 2011 Displaced Residents of the Sabine River Stephen F Austin State University Archived from the original on 11 January 2022 Retrieved 21 June 2022 Hendrix Lindsey 24 November 2020 Advancing A Strong Healing Heritage In Nursing Education Texas A amp M Today Archived from the original on 6 April 2022 Retrieved 21 June 2022 Lipski 2008 pp 216 217 Lipski 2008 p 216 Lipski 2008 pp 214 215 List of Petitions by States as of November 12 2013 PDF US Department of the Interior p 24 Retrieved 26 February 2022 Lovett December 27 1978 Forty Indian Groups Petition For Federal Status 1As Tribes Office of Federal Acknowledgment US Dept of the Interior Indian Affairs Retrieved 26 July 2023 Petitions in Process as of Tue Jul 25 2023 Office of Federal Acknowledgment US Dept of the Interior Indian Affairs Retrieved 26 July 2023 Choctaw Apache Tribe of EBARB 28th Annual Pow Wow Powwows com Retrieved 26 February 2022 External links editOfficial website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Choctaw Apache Tribe of Ebarb amp oldid 1188310077, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
