Chinese Benevolent Association of Vancouver

The Chinese Benevolent Association of Vancouver (CBA, Chinese: 加拿大溫哥華中華會館^[1]) is a Chinese Canadian organization headquartered in Vancouver. It serves as a federation of various Vancouver-based Chinese organizations.^[2] Douglas Aitken of The Georgia Straight stated that the CBA was the most important organization operating in the Vancouver Chinatown in the first half of the 20th century.^[3] The Vancouver Sun wrote "They were, for all intents and purposes, the government of Chinatown."^[2] According to The New York Times, the organization was a longtime supporter of Taiwan until the 1980s when it shifted to a pro-Beijing position.^[4]

Chinese Benevolent Association of Vancouver
Traditional Chinese	加拿大溫哥華中華會館^[1]
Simplified Chinese	加拿大温哥华中华会馆
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Jiānádà Wēngēhuá Zhōnghuá Huìguǎn Yue: Cantonese Jyutping gaa1 naa4 daai6 wan1 go1 waa4 zung1 waa4 wui6 gun2

History

Wong Soon King, Lee Kee, Shum Moon, Yip Sang, Leong Suey, and Chow Tong founded the CBA in 1896.^[5] Ten years later the CBA received a designation as a nonprofit organization.^[6] Willmott wrote that the CBA's role as a federation of multiple locality associations in Vancouver did not correspond "to the reality of power groupings within the Chinese community in Vancouver" and that it was unlike other Canadian benevolent associations; Willmott concluded that the Vancouver CBA structure "probably" originated from the San Francisco CBA's structure.^[7] The Vancouver CBA operated the Chinese Benevolent Association Building in Chinatown; it was built in 1907.^[3] Additional association buildings opened in the 1910s and 1920s.^[5] As the British Columbia Chinese population shifted to Vancouver, the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association in Victoria moved to Vancouver in the 1930s.^[8] Post-1949, for a period, the CBA was supportive of the Republic of China, which had relocated to Taiwan.^[4]

In 1962 the association gave places in its ruling committee to representatives of every other Chinese association in the Vancouver Chinatown. This was done due to changing sociopolitical conditions;^[9] Chinese in that period were finding a greater acceptance in mainstream society and new immigrants were not oriented to the older Chinatown organizations.^[10] In 1964 Willmott wrote that "many Chinese", especially more assimilated Chinese, "do not recognize its right to speak for them".^[7] According to Aitken, the organization "lost most of its influence" in the 1970s,^[3] and the Chinese Benevolent Association of Canada split from it in 1979.^[8]

Circa the 1980s the organization became closer to the People's Republic of China.^[4] Aitken stated that the CBA regained influence by 2014.^[3] In 1991 the president of the CBA estimated that the organization had 10,000 members; the per person membership fee was $1 and there were multiple paths to membership, so Hugh Xiaobin Tan, author of "Chinese-Canadian Associations in Vancouver," concluded that the exact membership was "difficult to determine".^[8]

In 2023, citing some CBA advertisements that favored the Hong Kong national security law, Norimitsu Onishi stated that "it has recently become a cheerleader of some of Beijing’s most controversial policies".^[4] Canadian intelligence analyst Scott McGregor and journalist Ina Mitchell referred to the CBA as a "great example of a legitimate organization that has been co-opted by the United Front."^[11]

Activities

As of 1964 it operated a Cantonese language school, provided legal counseling services, facilitated Chinese involvement in events for the public, established welfare programs, and issued public statements intended to represent the views of the Chinese community as a whole.^[7]

By 1964 Chinese Canadians were receiving proper services in the Canadian court system; in previous eras when Chinese were not well-served by the Canadian courts, the CBA served as a court of appeal for the Chinese.^[7]

In response to the 2014 Hong Kong protests and the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests, the CBA took out local newspaper ads that were sympathetic to the stance of the Chinese Communist Party and critical of the protesters.^[12] The nature and verbiage of the ads raised questions of involvement by the Chinese Communist Party's United Front Work Department and its affiliated groups.^{[13][14][15][16]} In September 2019, the CBA held a gala in celebration of the founding of the People's Republic of China.^[17] In July 2020, the CBA issued a statement in support of the widely criticized Hong Kong national security law.^[18][19][20]

During the 2021 Canadian federal election, the CBA hosted an event in support of Liberal Party candidate Josh Vander Vies.^[21]

In response to the 2022 visit by Nancy Pelosi to Taiwan, the group signed a letter, published in Ming Pao Daily News, denouncing the visit and expressing support for Chinese unification.^[22][23]

Representation

The organizations represented by the CBA include the Chinese Cultural Centre (CCC), the Chinese Freemasons, the Chinatown Merchants Association, and S.U.C.C.E.S.S.^[2] As of 1991^[update], it represented 48 other groups.^[8]

See also

• Chinese Benevolent Association
• Chinatown, Vancouver
• Chinese Canadians in Greater Vancouver
• History of Chinese immigration to Canada
• Chinese head tax in Canada
• Royal Commission on Chinese Immigration (1885)
• Chinese Immigration Act of 1885
• Vancouver anti-Chinese riots, 1886
• Chinese Immigration Act, 1923
• Anti-Oriental riots (Vancouver)

References

• Tan, Hugh Xiaobing. "Chinese-Canadian Associations in Vancouver." Canada and Hong Kong Update (加港研究通訊 P: Jiā Gǎng Yánjiū Tōngxùn) 4 (Spring 1991). p. 11-12 (PDF document: p. 61-62/224). PDF version, txt file

Reference notes

1. "Home 2015-02-26 at the Wayback Machine ." Chinese Benevolent Association of Vancouver. Retrieved on February 23, 2015.
2. "The Government of Chinatown" (). The Vancouver Sun at Canada.com. November 4, 2006. Retrieved on February 23, 2015.
3. Aitken, Douglas. "Faces of Vancouver: Chinese Benevolent Association and Chinese Freemasons buildings" (). The Georgia Straight. January 18, 2010. Retrieved on December 26, 2014.
4. Onishi, Norimitsu (2023-07-15). "Canadian Politicians Who Criticize China Become Its Targets". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
5. "1886 - 1920" (). Vancouver Chinatown 1886-2011. Simon Fraser University. Retrieved on December 27, 2014.
6. "About Us" (). Chinese Benevolent Association of Vancouver. Retrieved on February 23, 2015.
7. Willmott, W.E. "Chinese Clan Associations in Vancouver." Man, vol. lxiv no. 49 (1964), p. 33-37. -- Cited: p. 34.
8. Tan, Hugh, p. 11.
9. Willmott, W. E. "Approaches to the Study of the Chinese in British Columbia 2015-04-02 at the Wayback Machine " (). BC Studies. No. 4. Spring 1970. p. 38-52. CITED: 51. See profile page 2015-04-02 at the Wayback Machine .
10. Willmott, W. E. "Approaches to the Study of the Chinese in British Columbia 2015-04-02 at the Wayback Machine " (). BC Studies. No. 4. Spring 1970. p. 38-52. CITED: 50. See profile page 2015-04-02 at the Wayback Machine .
11. McGregor, Scott; Mitchell, Ina (2023). The Mosaic Effect: How the Chinese Communist Party Started a Hybrid War in America's Backyard. Optimum Publishing International. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-88890-324-2. OCLC 1374491172. from the original on 2023-10-26. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
12. Vescera, Zak (2019-06-26). . Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 2019-06-26. Retrieved 2019-06-27.
13. Young, Ian (2019-07-06). . South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 2019-07-06. Retrieved 2019-07-06.
14. Blackwell, Tom (2019-07-09). "Open letter from Chinese-Canadian groups boosts Hong Kong government, blasts protesters". National Post. Archived from the original on 2019-07-11. Retrieved 2019-07-11.
15. Bramham, Daphne (2019-08-23). "Daphne Bramham: Even in Canada, Hong Kong supporters fear retaliation | Vancouver Sun". Vancouver Sun. from the original on 2019-08-26. Retrieved 2019-08-26.
16. Wood, Graeme (May 13, 2020). "Chinese-Canadians mount case against Chinese Communist Party tactics, abuses". Tri-City News. from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
17. Quan, Douglas (September 30, 2019). "Defence minister ripped for attending gala honouring Chinese Communist Party anniversary". National Post. Archived from the original on December 21, 2020. Retrieved October 24, 2019.
18. Blackwell, Tom (July 18, 2020). "Vancouver group runs newspaper ad praising controversial new security law in Hong Kong". National Post. Archived from the original on July 23, 2020. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
19. "The Joint Statement of Chinese Benevolent Association of Vancouver and Hong Kong Canadians on Hong Kong Situation Association". Chinese Benevolent Association of Vancouver (in Chinese (China)). 2020-07-16. from the original on 2020-07-17. Retrieved 2020-07-18.
20. Szeto, Winston (31 July 2020). "Vancouver rally highlights local divide over China's national security law in Hong Kong". CBC News. from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
21. Wood, Graeme (September 8, 2021). "Vancouver's Beijing allies align with Trudeau's Liberals". Business in Vancouver. Glacier Media. Retrieved September 11, 2021.
22. Kivanc, Jake (2022-08-29). "Supporters of Beijing ramp up their opposition to Taiwan independence in Canada amid global tensions". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 2022-09-03.
23. Shen, Nono (September 1, 2022). "Dozens of Chinese Canadian groups side with Beijing's stance on Taiwan". Global News. Retrieved September 3, 2022.

Notes

• Some content originates from Chinese Canadians in British Columbia

External links

• Official website  
• Chinese Benevolent Association of Vancouver () - "Origins of Historical Building in Vancouver" website, publ. Simon Fraser University