The Sino-Russian border set forth in the Protocol of Chuguchak (1864). Today's Sino-Kazakh/Kyrgyz border largely follows the line set in this protocol, with only fairly small changes
The origins of the border date from the mid-19th century, when the Russian Empire expanded into Central Asia and was able to establish its control over the Lake Zaysan region. The establishment of the border between the Russian Empire and the Qing Empire, not too different from today's Sino-Kazakh/Kyrgyz/Tajik border was provided for in the Convention of Peking of 1860;[3][4] the actual border line pursuant to the convention was drawn by the Treaty of Tarbagatai (Chinese: 塔爾巴哈台) (1864) and the Treaty of Uliastai (Chinese: 烏里雅蘇台) (1870), leaving Lake Zaysan on the Russian side.[5][6][4] The Qing Empire's military presence in the Irtysh basin crumbled during the Dungan revolt (1862–77). After the fall of the rebellion and the reconquest of Xinjiang by Zuo Zongtang, the border between the Russian and the Qing empires in the Ili River basin was further slightly readjusted, in Russia's favour, by the Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881) and a series of later protocols.[4] In 1915 an agreement was signed more precisely delimiting the border the Ili Valley and Dzungarian Alatau region.[4] The southernmost section of the frontier (i.e. roughly the southern half of the modern China-Tajikistan border) remained undemarcated, owing partly to the ongoing rivalry between Britain and Russia for dominance in Central Asia known as the Great Game; eventually the two agreed that Afghanistan would remain an independent buffer state between them, with Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor being created in 1895.[4] China was not a party to these agreement and hence the southernmost section of the China-Russia boundary remained undefined.[4]
When Kyrgyzstan became independent in 1991 it inherited a section of the USSR-China frontier. The two countries delimited their border in 1996.[7] Formal demarcation was hampered by opposition to the border treaty by elements of the Kyrgyz opposition, centred on Azimbek Beknazarov, as part of a wider movement against then-President Askar Akayev culminating in the Tulip Revolution. The border agreement was finalised in 2009, with China giving up part of the Khan Tengri Peak while Kyrgyzstan ceded the Uzengi-Kush, a mountainous area located south of the Issyk Kul region.[8]
Historically the Bedel Pass, further east along the Tian Shan mountains, has also been used.
Historical mapsedit
Historical maps of the China-Kirghiz SSR border from north to south (west to east) from the International Map of the World and Operational Navigation Chart, middle & late 20th century:
^From map: "DELINEATION OF INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES MUST NOT BE CONSIDERED AUTHORITATIVE"
Referencesedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to China-Kyrgyzstan border.
Chinese Wikisource has original text related to this article:
中华人民共和国和吉尔吉斯共和国关于中吉国界的协定
^"FIELD LISTING :: LAND BOUNDARIES". The World Factbook. Retrieved 1 February 2020. China total: 22,457 km border countries (15): {...}Kyrgyzstan 1063 km,{...}Kyrgyzstan total: 4,573 km border countries (4): China 1063 km,{...}
^CIA World Factbook - Kyrgyzstan, 23 September 2018
^Articles 2 and 3 in the Russian text of the treaty
^ abcdef(PDF), 13 February 1978, archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-17, retrieved 23 September 2018
^The Lost Frontier: the treaty maps that changed Qing's northwestern boundaries
^中华人民共和国和吉尔吉斯共和国关于中吉国界的协定 [China-Kyrgyzstan Border Agreement] (in Chinese). 1996-07-04 – via Wikisource.
^Kyrgyzstan, China end common border demarcation, 14 July 2009
^ abCaravanistan - Kyrgyzstan border crossings, retrieved 23 September 2018
February 18, 2024
china, kyrgyzstan, border, length, runs, from, tripoint, with, kazakhstan, following, roughly, south, west, line, across, various, mountain, ridges, peaks, tian, shan, range, down, tripoint, with, tajikistan, border, divides, from, north, south, east, west, is. The China Kyrgyzstan border is 1 063 km 661 mi 1 in length and runs from the tripoint with Kazakhstan following a roughly south west line across various mountain ridges and peaks of the Tian Shan range down to the tripoint with Tajikistan 2 The border divides from north to south east to west Issyk Kul Region Naryn Region and Osh Region in Kyrgyzstan from Aksu Prefecture to the north and east and Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture to the south and west in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region China Map of Kyrgyzstan with Xinjiang China to the eastChinese and Kyrgyzstani boundary markers Boundary Stone Contents 1 History 2 Border crossings 3 Historical maps 4 See also 5 Notes 6 ReferencesHistory edit nbsp The Sino Russian border set forth in the Protocol of Chuguchak 1864 Today s Sino Kazakh Kyrgyz border largely follows the line set in this protocol with only fairly small changesThe origins of the border date from the mid 19th century when the Russian Empire expanded into Central Asia and was able to establish its control over the Lake Zaysan region The establishment of the border between the Russian Empire and the Qing Empire not too different from today s Sino Kazakh Kyrgyz Tajik border was provided for in the Convention of Peking of 1860 3 4 the actual border line pursuant to the convention was drawn by the Treaty of Tarbagatai Chinese 塔爾巴哈台 1864 and the Treaty of Uliastai Chinese 烏里雅蘇台 1870 leaving Lake Zaysan on the Russian side 5 6 4 The Qing Empire s military presence in the Irtysh basin crumbled during the Dungan revolt 1862 77 After the fall of the rebellion and the reconquest of Xinjiang by Zuo Zongtang the border between the Russian and the Qing empires in the Ili River basin was further slightly readjusted in Russia s favour by the Treaty of Saint Petersburg 1881 and a series of later protocols 4 In 1915 an agreement was signed more precisely delimiting the border the Ili Valley and Dzungarian Alatau region 4 The southernmost section of the frontier i e roughly the southern half of the modern China Tajikistan border remained undemarcated owing partly to the ongoing rivalry between Britain and Russia for dominance in Central Asia known as the Great Game eventually the two agreed that Afghanistan would remain an independent buffer state between them with Afghanistan s Wakhan Corridor being created in 1895 4 China was not a party to these agreement and hence the southernmost section of the China Russia boundary remained undefined 4 When Kyrgyzstan became independent in 1991 it inherited a section of the USSR China frontier The two countries delimited their border in 1996 7 Formal demarcation was hampered by opposition to the border treaty by elements of the Kyrgyz opposition centred on Azimbek Beknazarov as part of a wider movement against then President Askar Akayev culminating in the Tulip Revolution The border agreement was finalised in 2009 with China giving up part of the Khan Tengri Peak while Kyrgyzstan ceded the Uzengi Kush a mountainous area located south of the Issyk Kul region 8 Border crossings editTorugart Pass road 9 Irkeshtam pass road 9 Historically the Bedel Pass further east along the Tian Shan mountains has also been used Historical maps editHistorical maps of the China Kirghiz SSR border from north to south west to east from the International Map of the World and Operational Navigation Chart middle amp late 20th century nbsp Map of the border near Kashgar including the tripoint with Tajikistan International Map of the World AMS 1966 a nbsp near Almaty nbsp near Aksu City nbsp near Kazakh SSR modern day Kazakhstan nbsp near Tajik SSR modern day Tajikistan nbsp nbsp nbsp See also editExtreme points of KyrgyzstanNotes edit From map DELINEATION OF INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES MUST NOT BE CONSIDERED AUTHORITATIVE References edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to China Kyrgyzstan border nbsp Chinese Wikisource has original text related to this article 中华人民共和国和吉尔吉斯共和国关于中吉国界的协定 FIELD LISTING LAND BOUNDARIES The World Factbook Retrieved 1 February 2020 China total 22 457 km border countries 15 Kyrgyzstan 1063 km Kyrgyzstan total 4 573 km border countries 4 China 1063 km CIA World Factbook Kyrgyzstan 23 September 2018 Articles 2 and 3 in the Russian text of the treaty a b c d e f International Boundary Study No 64 China USSR Boundary PDF 13 February 1978 archived from the original PDF on 2014 08 17 retrieved 23 September 2018 See the map The Lost Frontier the treaty maps that changed Qing s northwestern boundaries 中华人民共和国和吉尔吉斯共和国关于中吉国界的协定 China Kyrgyzstan Border Agreement in Chinese 1996 07 04 via Wikisource Kyrgyzstan China end common border demarcation 14 July 2009 a b Caravanistan Kyrgyzstan border crossings retrieved 23 September 2018 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title China Kyrgyzstan border amp oldid 1077458662, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
