fbpx
Wikipedia

Cheek pouch

February 16, 2024

Cheek pouches are pockets on both sides of the head of some mammals between the jaw and the cheek. They can be found on mammals including the platypus, some rodents, and most monkeys,[1][2] as well as the marsupial koala.[3] The cheek pouches of chipmunks can reach the size of their body when full.

Chipmunk showing the cheek pouch
Golden hamster filling his cheek pouches with greenery
Cheek pouch stuffed with fruits in Bonnet macaque

Description and function edit

Cheek pouches are located in the thickness of the flange on both sides of the head of some mammals. Monkeys have open cheek pouches within the oral cavity, but they open out in some rodents of America. Hence the name "diplostomes" is associated with them, which means "two mouths." In some rodents, such as hamsters, the cheek pouches are remarkably developed; they form two bags ranging from the mouth to the front of the shoulders.[4] Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire described that some bats of the genus Nycteris have an amazing form of cheek pouches, as they have a narrow opening, through which the bat can introduce air, closing the nasal canal through a special mechanism and pushing air under the skin, so they expire in the tissue, which unites the very loose skin to the underlying muscles.[4]

Cheek pouches have several roles; they allow the rapid collection of food, but also serve as temporary storage and transport. In monkeys of the subfamily of Cercopithecinae, they allow for more predigested food.[5] Cheek pouches contribute to the protection of animals by allowing them to carry their food in the pouches to shelter, allowing them to transport their food to safer locations, as they are pressing these pouches to the back of the mouth with the back of the leg, or moving the jaw.[5][6] The females of some species of hamster are known to hide their young in their cheek pouches to carry them away when they fear danger.[7] Other species of hamsters are known to fill their pouches with air, allowing them to float better while they swim.[7][8]

 
Cheek pouch prolapse in an anesthetized Russian hamster (Phodopus sp.)

The cheek pouches can become infected as a result of an injury caused by a sharp object inserted into them or a fight. An abscess can form, which can be confused with protuberance with stored food. If the abscess bursts and the pus contained therein is absorbed by the animal, it can develop sepsis and die of the poisonous toxins.[9][10][11][12] The cheek pouches can also turn outwards.[9][13]

The cheek pouches of hamsters have been studied in laboratories to understand vascular membranes and healing better.[14] They are also useful for the study of the immune system, notably in the development of abscesses or tumours.[15][16][17]

Examples edit

Chipmunks edit

Chipmunks (Tamias) have large cheek pouches that allow them to transport food.[18] These pouches can reach the size of their body when they are full.[7][18][19]

Below is the introduction of the legume (pod) of peanut in the cheek pouch of a chipmunk:

  •  
    Peanut half entered the cheek pouch
  •  
    Peanut during storage
  •  
    Peanut entirely in the cheek pouch
  •  
    Chipmunk in profile with cheek pouch swollen by a peanut pod

Hamsters edit

 
Stretched out cheek pouches of a European hamster

One of the classic behavioral characteristics of hamsters (subfamily Cricetinae) is food hoarding. Hamsters carry food to their underground storage chambers using their spacious cheek pouches.[20] A hamster "can literally fill its face with food."[21] When full, the pouches can make the hamsters' heads double, or even triple in size.[20]

Platypus edit

The platypus feeds on annelid worms, insect larvae, freshwater shrimps, and yabbies (freshwater crayfish) that it digs out of the riverbed with its snout or catches while swimming. It uses its cheek pouches to carry prey to the surface for eating.[22]

Misconception with Rattus rattus edit

The cheek pouch is a specific morphological feature that is evident in particular subgroups of rodents (e.g. Heteromyidae and Geomyidae, or gopher), yet a common misconception is that certain families, such as Muridae (including the common black and brown rats), contain this structure when in fact their cheeks are merely elastic due to a high degree of musculature and innervation in the region. The true cheek pouch, however, is evident in the former Heteromyidae and Geomyidae groups.[23]

 
Murid lacking cheek pouches
 
Demonstration of cheek pouches in geomyid

Cheek pouches are more pronounced in certain rodents, such as hamsters, yet this structure is also distinguishable on certain species of rat, like the Gambian pouched rat, of which extensive morphological investigations have been conducted.[23] Aspects including rat pouch musculature, vascularization, and innervation were all explored and compiled through this and other studies. The widely distributed Rattus rattus is an example of the rodent family Muridae that lacks a true cheek pouch; rather, they exhibit more elastic cheeks (not true pouches) due to the organization of their cheek musculature.

Concerning the musculature, the cheek pouch is composed primarily of a developed masseter (cheek) muscle that exhibits a high tensile ability. The masseter muscle has been shown to insert into the pectoralis muscles, allowing for a higher degree of food retention. The pouch is clearly divided between a buccal (cheek) and sublingual (below the tongue) portion. Volumetric analyses within this study attributed the differences in net cheek volume between male and female rats to the average size of the respective sexes.[24]

Due to muscle's high nutritional demand, this muscle exhibits vascularization that has been highly studied. Dissections at Boston University by Frank Brodie describe the various bifurcations (or splittings) of the common carotid. This artery splits into an internal and external branch, of which the latter extends dorsally and divides into five branches that supply the general cheek region. The branch that extends dorsally to the ear is known as the auricular branch.[25]

As for innervation of this structure, the associated nerve branches were all found to originate from the facial (CN VII of XII) nerve that initiates at the medulla and passes into the facial canal via the stylomastoid foramen. The primary aforementioned muscle, the masseter, is supplied by two large neural branches known as the temporalis and zygomatic nerves.[25] The buccal divisions of this nerve supply much of the masseter muscle, which ultimately facilitates the voluntary retention of food within the cheek pouch.

References edit

  1. ^ "ABAJOUE – Dictionnaire de l'académie française – Septième édition (1877)" (in French). Dicoperso.com. Retrieved 2012-11-03.
  2. ^ "Le Trésor de la Langue Française Informatisé" (in French). Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française. Retrieved 2012-11-03.
  3. ^ Lee, A. L.; Martin, R. W. (1988). The Koala: A Natural History. New South Wales University Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-86840-354-0.
  4. ^ a b Duckett, W. (1853). "cheek pouch". English conversation and reading. Ed Michel Levi. p. 3. espagnol abajoue.
  5. ^ a b (PDF). ECOFAC. 1999. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 July 2008. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
  6. ^ Buzzard, Paul J. (2006). "Cheek pouch use in relation to interspecific competition and predator risk for three guenon monkeys (Cercopithecus spp.)". Primates. 47 (4): 336–341. doi:10.1007/s10329-006-0188-6.
  7. ^ a b c Nowak, R. (1999). Walker's Mammals of the World. Vol. II. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
  8. ^ Poor, Allison. "ADW: Cricetinae: INFORMATION". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 2012-11-03.
  9. ^ a b Klabunde RE, Calvello C (November 1995). "Inhibition of endotoxin-induced microvascular leakage by a platelet-activating factor antagonist and 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor". Shock. 4 (5): 368–72. doi:10.1097/00024382-199511000-00010. PMID 8595525.
  10. ^ Mark A. Suckow; Karla A. Stevens; Ronald P. Wilson (15 January 2012). The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents. Academic Press. pp. 816–. ISBN 978-0-12-380920-9. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
  11. ^ Susan A. Brown; Karen L. Rosenthal (1 April 1997). Small Mammals. Manson Publishing. pp. 162–. ISBN 978-1-84076-565-6. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
  12. ^ Mark A. Mitchell; Thomas N. Tully (2009). Manual of Exotic Pet Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 429–. ISBN 978-1-4160-0119-5. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
  13. ^ . membres. Archived from the original on 3 May 2009. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
  14. ^ Lutz BR, Fulton GP, Akers RP (March 1951). "White thromboembolism in the hamster cheek pouch after trauma, infection and neoplasia". Circulation. 3 (3): 339–51. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.3.3.339. PMID 14812662.
  15. ^ de Arruda MS, Montenegro MR (1995). "The hamster cheek pouch: an immunologically privileged site suitable to the study of granulomatous infections". Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo. 37 (4): 303–9. doi:10.1590/S0036-46651995000400004. hdl:11449/8180. PMID 8599058.
  16. ^ Adams, Jeff (March 2000). Acid / Pepsin Promotion of Carcinogenesis in the Hamster Cheek Pouch. HEAD NECK SURG ARCH Otolaryngol (PDF). Vol. 126. archotol.ama-assn.
  17. ^ G. L. Van Hoosier; Charles W. McPherson (28 October 1987). Laboratory Hamsters. Elsevier. pp. 284–. ISBN 978-0-12-714165-7. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
  18. ^ a b H. The Louarn, J.P. (2008). Quéré, rodents France, Fauna and biology. Quae Publishing. p. 119. ISBN 9782738010919.
  19. ^ Thorington Jr., Richard W.; E. Ferrell, Katie (2 August 2006). Squirrels: The Animal Answer Guide. JHU Press. pp. 27–. ISBN 978-0-8018-8403-0. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
  20. ^ a b Fox, Sue. 2006. Hamsters. T.F.H. Publications Inc.
  21. ^ . National Museum of Ireland. 2012. Archived from the original on November 5, 2012. The accompanying photograph shows how capacious the pouches are.
  22. ^ . Parks and Wildlife Service Tasmania. February 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-03-14. Retrieved 2009-06-18.
  23. ^ a b Ryan, James (1989). "Comparative myology and phylogenetic systematics of the Heteromyidae". Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan. 176: 1–112. hdl:2027.42/56420.
  24. ^ Mustapha, O. (2015). "Morphology of the Oral Cavity of the African Giant Rat". Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 18: 19–30. doi:10.15547/bjvm.793.
  25. ^ a b Brodie, Frank (1947). Blood vessels and nerves of the face in rodents with and without cheek pouches (M.A. thesis). Boston University. pp. 1–159.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cheek pouches.

February 16, 2024
cheek, pouch, pockets, both, sides, head, some, mammals, between, cheek, they, found, mammals, including, platypus, some, rodents, most, monkeys, well, marsupial, koala, cheek, pouches, chipmunks, reach, size, their, body, when, full, chipmunk, showing, cheek,. Cheek pouches are pockets on both sides of the head of some mammals between the jaw and the cheek They can be found on mammals including the platypus some rodents and most monkeys 1 2 as well as the marsupial koala 3 The cheek pouches of chipmunks can reach the size of their body when full Chipmunk showing the cheek pouchGolden hamster filling his cheek pouches with greeneryCheek pouch stuffed with fruits in Bonnet macaque Contents 1 Description and function 2 Examples 2 1 Chipmunks 2 2 Hamsters 2 3 Platypus 3 Misconception with Rattus rattus 4 ReferencesDescription and function editCheek pouches are located in the thickness of the flange on both sides of the head of some mammals Monkeys have open cheek pouches within the oral cavity but they open out in some rodents of America Hence the name diplostomes is associated with them which means two mouths In some rodents such as hamsters the cheek pouches are remarkably developed they form two bags ranging from the mouth to the front of the shoulders 4 Etienne Geoffroy Saint Hilaire described that some bats of the genus Nycteris have an amazing form of cheek pouches as they have a narrow opening through which the bat can introduce air closing the nasal canal through a special mechanism and pushing air under the skin so they expire in the tissue which unites the very loose skin to the underlying muscles 4 Cheek pouches have several roles they allow the rapid collection of food but also serve as temporary storage and transport In monkeys of the subfamily of Cercopithecinae they allow for more predigested food 5 Cheek pouches contribute to the protection of animals by allowing them to carry their food in the pouches to shelter allowing them to transport their food to safer locations as they are pressing these pouches to the back of the mouth with the back of the leg or moving the jaw 5 6 The females of some species of hamster are known to hide their young in their cheek pouches to carry them away when they fear danger 7 Other species of hamsters are known to fill their pouches with air allowing them to float better while they swim 7 8 nbsp Cheek pouch prolapse in an anesthetized Russian hamster Phodopus sp The cheek pouches can become infected as a result of an injury caused by a sharp object inserted into them or a fight An abscess can form which can be confused with protuberance with stored food If the abscess bursts and the pus contained therein is absorbed by the animal it can develop sepsis and die of the poisonous toxins 9 10 11 12 The cheek pouches can also turn outwards 9 13 The cheek pouches of hamsters have been studied in laboratories to understand vascular membranes and healing better 14 They are also useful for the study of the immune system notably in the development of abscesses or tumours 15 16 17 Examples editChipmunks edit Chipmunks Tamias have large cheek pouches that allow them to transport food 18 These pouches can reach the size of their body when they are full 7 18 19 Below is the introduction of the legume pod of peanut in the cheek pouch of a chipmunk nbsp Peanut half entered the cheek pouch nbsp Peanut during storage nbsp Peanut entirely in the cheek pouch nbsp Chipmunk in profile with cheek pouch swollen by a peanut pod Hamsters edit nbsp Stretched out cheek pouches of a European hamsterOne of the classic behavioral characteristics of hamsters subfamily Cricetinae is food hoarding Hamsters carry food to their underground storage chambers using their spacious cheek pouches 20 A hamster can literally fill its face with food 21 When full the pouches can make the hamsters heads double or even triple in size 20 Platypus edit The platypus feeds on annelid worms insect larvae freshwater shrimps and yabbies freshwater crayfish that it digs out of the riverbed with its snout or catches while swimming It uses its cheek pouches to carry prey to the surface for eating 22 Misconception with Rattus rattus editThe cheek pouch is a specific morphological feature that is evident in particular subgroups of rodents e g Heteromyidae and Geomyidae or gopher yet a common misconception is that certain families such as Muridae including the common black and brown rats contain this structure when in fact their cheeks are merely elastic due to a high degree of musculature and innervation in the region The true cheek pouch however is evident in the former Heteromyidae and Geomyidae groups 23 nbsp Murid lacking cheek pouches nbsp Demonstration of cheek pouches in geomyid Cheek pouches are more pronounced in certain rodents such as hamsters yet this structure is also distinguishable on certain species of rat like the Gambian pouched rat of which extensive morphological investigations have been conducted 23 Aspects including rat pouch musculature vascularization and innervation were all explored and compiled through this and other studies The widely distributed Rattus rattus is an example of the rodent family Muridae that lacks a true cheek pouch rather they exhibit more elastic cheeks not true pouches due to the organization of their cheek musculature Concerning the musculature the cheek pouch is composed primarily of a developed masseter cheek muscle that exhibits a high tensile ability The masseter muscle has been shown to insert into the pectoralis muscles allowing for a higher degree of food retention The pouch is clearly divided between a buccal cheek and sublingual below the tongue portion Volumetric analyses within this study attributed the differences in net cheek volume between male and female rats to the average size of the respective sexes 24 Due to muscle s high nutritional demand this muscle exhibits vascularization that has been highly studied Dissections at Boston University by Frank Brodie describe the various bifurcations or splittings of the common carotid This artery splits into an internal and external branch of which the latter extends dorsally and divides into five branches that supply the general cheek region The branch that extends dorsally to the ear is known as the auricular branch 25 As for innervation of this structure the associated nerve branches were all found to originate from the facial CN VII of XII nerve that initiates at the medulla and passes into the facial canal via the stylomastoid foramen The primary aforementioned muscle the masseter is supplied by two large neural branches known as the temporalis and zygomatic nerves 25 The buccal divisions of this nerve supply much of the masseter muscle which ultimately facilitates the voluntary retention of food within the cheek pouch References edit ABAJOUE Dictionnaire de l academie francaise Septieme edition 1877 in French Dicoperso com Retrieved 2012 11 03 Le Tresor de la Langue Francaise Informatise in French Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Francaise Retrieved 2012 11 03 Lee A L Martin R W 1988 The Koala A Natural History New South Wales University Press p 20 ISBN 978 0 86840 354 0 a b Duckett W 1853 cheek pouch English conversation and reading Ed Michel Levi p 3 espagnol abajoue a b Natural History Primate of Central Africa PDF ECOFAC 1999 Archived from the original PDF on 23 July 2008 Retrieved 3 November 2012 Buzzard Paul J 2006 Cheek pouch use in relation to interspecific competition and predator risk for three guenon monkeys Cercopithecus spp Primates 47 4 336 341 doi 10 1007 s10329 006 0188 6 a b c Nowak R 1999 Walker s Mammals of the World Vol II Baltimore and London The Johns Hopkins University Press Poor Allison ADW Cricetinae INFORMATION Animal Diversity Web Retrieved 2012 11 03 a b Klabunde RE Calvello C November 1995 Inhibition of endotoxin induced microvascular leakage by a platelet activating factor antagonist and 5 lipoxygenase inhibitor Shock 4 5 368 72 doi 10 1097 00024382 199511000 00010 PMID 8595525 Mark A Suckow Karla A Stevens Ronald P Wilson 15 January 2012 The Laboratory Rabbit Guinea Pig Hamster and Other Rodents Academic Press pp 816 ISBN 978 0 12 380920 9 Retrieved 3 November 2012 Susan A Brown Karen L Rosenthal 1 April 1997 Small Mammals Manson Publishing pp 162 ISBN 978 1 84076 565 6 Retrieved 3 November 2012 Mark A Mitchell Thomas N Tully 2009 Manual of Exotic Pet Practice Elsevier Health Sciences pp 429 ISBN 978 1 4160 0119 5 Retrieved 3 November 2012 hamster Health abscess in cheek pouches membres Archived from the original on 3 May 2009 Retrieved 3 November 2012 Lutz BR Fulton GP Akers RP March 1951 White thromboembolism in the hamster cheek pouch after trauma infection and neoplasia Circulation 3 3 339 51 doi 10 1161 01 CIR 3 3 339 PMID 14812662 de Arruda MS Montenegro MR 1995 The hamster cheek pouch an immunologically privileged site suitable to the study of granulomatous infections Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo 37 4 303 9 doi 10 1590 S0036 46651995000400004 hdl 11449 8180 PMID 8599058 Adams Jeff March 2000 Acid Pepsin Promotion of Carcinogenesis in the Hamster Cheek Pouch HEAD NECK SURG ARCH Otolaryngol PDF Vol 126 archotol ama assn G L Van Hoosier Charles W McPherson 28 October 1987 Laboratory Hamsters Elsevier pp 284 ISBN 978 0 12 714165 7 Retrieved 3 November 2012 a b H The Louarn J P 2008 Quere rodents France Fauna and biology Quae Publishing p 119 ISBN 9782738010919 Thorington Jr Richard W E Ferrell Katie 2 August 2006 Squirrels The Animal Answer Guide JHU Press pp 27 ISBN 978 0 8018 8403 0 Retrieved 3 November 2012 a b Fox Sue 2006 Hamsters T F H Publications Inc Mammals of the World National Museum of Ireland 2012 Archived from the original on November 5 2012 The accompanying photograph shows how capacious the pouches are Platypus Parks and Wildlife Service Tasmania February 2008 Archived from the original PDF on 2011 03 14 Retrieved 2009 06 18 a b Ryan James 1989 Comparative myology and phylogenetic systematics of the Heteromyidae Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Zoology University of Michigan 176 1 112 hdl 2027 42 56420 Mustapha O 2015 Morphology of the Oral Cavity of the African Giant Rat Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine 18 19 30 doi 10 15547 bjvm 793 a b Brodie Frank 1947 Blood vessels and nerves of the face in rodents with and without cheek pouches M A thesis Boston University pp 1 159 nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cheek pouches Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cheek pouch amp oldid 1193489210, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.