Chashtana (Greek: ϹιαϲτανϲαςSiastansas (epigraphic),[2]ΤιαστανηςTiastanēs;[4]Brahmi: Ca-ṣṭa-naCaṣṭana; Kharosthi: 𐨖𐨛𐨞Cha-ṭha-ṇa, Chaṭhaṇa[5]) was a ruler of the SakaWestern Satraps in northwestern India during 78-130 CE, when he was the satrap of Ujjain.[6]
Chashtana's name is attested in the Greek forms Siastansas (Ϲιαϲτανϲας)[2] and Tiastanēs (Τιαστανης),[4] in the Brahmi form Caṣṭana () and the Kharosthi form Chaṭhaṇa (𐨖𐨛𐨞),[5] which are derived from the Saka name *Caṣṭana, meaning "master".[7]
Reign
Among modern scholars, the beginning of the Saka era is widely equated to the ascension of Chashtana (possibly to Mahakshatrapa) in 78 CE.[8]
A statue found in Mathura together with statues of the Kushan king Kanishka and Vima Taktu, and bearing the name "Shastana" (Middle Brahmi script of the Kushan period: Ṣa-sta-na) is often attributed to Chashtana himself.[3] Chashtana is called Tisman by the bards, a spelling that matches the Greek rendition of his name more closely.
Chashtana was mentioned by Ptolemy as Tiastanēs, ruling a large area of Western India into the 2nd century CE, especially the area of Ujjain ("Ozene"), during the reign of the Satavahana king Vasisthiputra Sri Pulamavi. According to Ptolemy, Chashtana directly ruled Ujjain, while Paithan (Pratisthana) continued to be ruled by Siristolemaios (identified with Sri Pulumayi, son of Gautamiputra Satakarni).[9] Ptolemy in his "Geographia", where he classifies the Western Satraps as "Indo-Scythians", describes Chashtana's territory as starting from Patalene in the West, to his capital Ujjain in the east ("Ozena-Regia Tiastani", "Ozene, capital of king Chashtana"), and beyond Barigaza in the south:
Moreover the region which is next to the western part of India, is called Indoscythia. A part of this region around the (Indus) river mouth is Patalena, above which is Abiria. That which is about the mouth of the Indus and the Canthicolpus bay is called Syrastrena. (...) In the island formed by this river are the cities Pantala, Barbaria. (...) The Larica region of Indoscythia is located eastward from the swamp near the sea, in which on the west of the Namadus river is the interior city of Barygaza emporium. On the east side of the river (...) Ozena-Regia Tiastani (...) Minagara".
— Ptolemy Geographia, Book Seven, Chapter I
Chashtana was the grandfather of the great Western Satrap conqueror Rudradaman I. Chashtana was founder of one of the two major Saka Satrap dynasties in north-western India, the Bhadramukhas; the other, short-lived dynasty, the Kshaharatas ("Satraps"), included Bhumaka and Nahapana.[10]
Coinage
The coinage of Chastana combines a corrupted Greek legend on the obverse, around his portrait, and a Brahmi script legend on the reverse around a "Three hills and river" symbol together with the sun and two moons.[2]
Obverse: The obverse in Greek corrupted script typically reads "ΡΑΝΝΙω ΙΑΤΡΑΠAC CIASTANCA", transliteration of the Prakrit Raño Kshatrapasa Chashtana: "King and Satrap Chashtana".[2] Reverse: The reverse in Early/Middle Brahmi script reads: RAJNO MAHAKSHATRAPASA YSAMOTIKAPUTRASA CHASHTANASA "Of the Rajah, the Great Satrap, son of Ysamotika, Chashtana".[11] This legend is sometimes followed by the name "Chatḥaṇasa" in Kharosthi script.[12]
Coinage of Chastana with complete reverse legend in Brahmi, with a repetition of the name of the ruler in Kharoshthi: "Of the Rajah, the Great Satrap, son of Ysamotika, Chashtana Chatḥaṇa"[13]
^ abcdeRapson, E. J. (Edward James) (1908). Catalogue of the coins of the Andhra dynasty, the Western Ksatrapas, the Traikutaka dynasty, and the "Bodhi" dynasty. London : Printed by order of the Trustees. pp. 72–75.
^ ab"The three letters give us a complete name, which I read as Ṣastana (vide facsimile and cast). Dr. Vogel read it as Mastana but that is incorrect for Ma was always written with a circular or triangular knob below with two slanting lines joining the knob" in Journal of the Bihar and Orissa Research Society. The Society. 1920.
^ abClaudius Ptolemy (c. 150). "1". Γεωγραφικὴ Ὑφήγησις [Geographical Guidance] (in Ancient Greek). Vol. 7. Alexandria.
^ abSeaby's Coin and Medal Bulletin: July 1980. Seaby Publications Ltd. 1980. p. 219.
^Elizabeth Errington, Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis, ed. (2007). From Persepolis to the Punjab. British Museum Press. ISBN9780714111650.
^Shailendra Bhandare (2006). "Numismatics and History: The Maurya-Gupta interlude in the Gangetic Plains". In Patrick Olivelle (ed.). Between the Empires : Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE: Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE. Oxford University Press. p. 69. ISBN9780199775071.
chashtana, greek, Ϲιαϲτανϲας, siastansas, epigraphic, Τιαστανης, tiastanēs, brahmi, ṣṭa, caṣṭana, kharosthi, 𐨖𐨛𐨞, ṭha, ṇa, chaṭhaṇa, ruler, saka, western, satraps, northwestern, india, during, when, satrap, ujjain, mahakshatrapa, bhadramukha, swami, silver, co. Chashtana Greek Ϲiaϲtanϲas Siastansas epigraphic 2 Tiastanhs Tiastanes 4 Brahmi Ca ṣṭa na Caṣṭana Kharosthi 𐨖𐨛𐨞 Cha ṭha ṇa Chaṭhaṇa 5 was a ruler of the Saka Western Satraps in northwestern India during 78 130 CE when he was the satrap of Ujjain 6 ChashtanaMahakshatrapa Bhadramukha Swami 1 Silver coin of Chashtana with ruler profile and Greek script legend RANNIw IATRAPAϹ ϹIAϹTANϹA 2 British Museum Reign78 130 CEPredecessorNahapanaSuccessorJayadamanDynastyKardamaka Western Satrap Statue of ChastanaMathura MuseumInscribed statue of Saka King Chastana with inscription Shastana Middle Brahmi script Sha sta na 3 Kushan Period Coin of Chastana found in Junagadh Contents 1 Name 2 Reign 3 Coinage 4 References 4 1 BibliographyName EditChashtana s name is attested in the Greek forms Siastansas Ϲiaϲtanϲas 2 and Tiastanes Tiastanhs 4 in the Brahmi form Caṣṭana and the Kharosthi form Chaṭhaṇa 𐨖𐨛𐨞 5 which are derived from the Saka name Caṣṭana meaning master 7 Reign EditAmong modern scholars the beginning of the Saka era is widely equated to the ascension of Chashtana possibly to Mahakshatrapa in 78 CE 8 A statue found in Mathura together with statues of the Kushan king Kanishka and Vima Taktu and bearing the name Shastana Middle Brahmi script of the Kushan period Ṣa sta na is often attributed to Chashtana himself 3 Chashtana is called Tisman by the bards a spelling that matches the Greek rendition of his name more closely Chashtana was mentioned by Ptolemy as Tiastanes ruling a large area of Western India into the 2nd century CE especially the area of Ujjain Ozene during the reign of the Satavahana king Vasisthiputra Sri Pulamavi According to Ptolemy Chashtana directly ruled Ujjain while Paithan Pratisthana continued to be ruled by Siristolemaios identified with Sri Pulumayi son of Gautamiputra Satakarni 9 Ptolemy in his Geographia where he classifies the Western Satraps as Indo Scythians describes Chashtana s territory as starting from Patalene in the West to his capital Ujjain in the east Ozena Regia Tiastani Ozene capital of king Chashtana and beyond Barigaza in the south Moreover the region which is next to the western part of India is called Indoscythia A part of this region around the Indus river mouth is Patalena above which is Abiria That which is about the mouth of the Indus and the Canthicolpus bay is called Syrastrena In the island formed by this river are the cities Pantala Barbaria The Larica region of Indoscythia is located eastward from the swamp near the sea in which on the west of the Namadus river is the interior city of Barygaza emporium On the east side of the river Ozena Regia Tiastani Minagara Ptolemy Geographia Book Seven Chapter I Chashtana was the grandfather of the great Western Satrap conqueror Rudradaman I Chashtana was founder of one of the two major Saka Satrap dynasties in north western India the Bhadramukhas the other short lived dynasty the Kshaharatas Satraps included Bhumaka and Nahapana 10 Coinage EditThe coinage of Chastana combines a corrupted Greek legend on the obverse around his portrait and a Brahmi script legend on the reverse around a Three hills and river symbol together with the sun and two moons 2 Obverse The obverse in Greek corrupted script typically reads RANNIw IATRAPAC CIASTANCA transliteration of the Prakrit Rano Kshatrapasa Chashtana King and Satrap Chashtana 2 Reverse The reverse in Early Middle Brahmi script reads RAJNO MAHAKSHATRAPASA YSAMOTIKAPUTRASA CHASHTANASA Of the Rajah the Great Satrap son of Ysamotika Chashtana 11 This legend is sometimes followed by the name Chatḥaṇasa in Kharosthi script 12 Coinage of Chastana with complete reverse legend in Brahmi with a repetition of the name of the ruler in Kharoshthi Of the Rajah the Great Satrap son of Ysamotika Chashtana Chatḥaṇa 13 References Edit Burgess 1880 p 189 a b c d e Rapson E J Edward James 1908 Catalogue of the coins of the Andhra dynasty the Western Ksatrapas the Traikutaka dynasty and the Bodhi dynasty London Printed by order of the Trustees pp 72 75 a b The three letters give us a complete name which I read as Ṣastana vide facsimile and cast Dr Vogel read it as Mastana but that is incorrect for Ma was always written with a circular or triangular knob below with two slanting lines joining the knob in Journal of the Bihar and Orissa Research Society The Society 1920 a b Claudius Ptolemy c 150 1 Gewgrafikὴ Ὑfhghsis Geographical Guidance in Ancient Greek Vol 7 Alexandria a b Seaby s Coin and Medal Bulletin July 1980 Seaby Publications Ltd 1980 p 219 Elizabeth Errington Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis ed 2007 From Persepolis to the Punjab British Museum Press ISBN 9780714111650 Harmatta Janos 1999 Languages and scripts in Graeco Bactria and the Saka Kingdoms In Harmatta Janos Puri B N Etemadi G F eds History of civilizations of Central Asia Vol 2 Delhi Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House p 413 ISBN 978 8 120 81408 0 Shailendra Bhandare 2006 Numismatics and History The Maurya Gupta interlude in the Gangetic Plains In Patrick Olivelle ed Between the Empires Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE Oxford University Press p 69 ISBN 9780199775071 Alain Danielou A Brief History of India Inner Traditions 2003 mentioned here Students Britannica India Vol 4 Encyclopaedia Britannica 2000 p 375 ISBN 9780852297605 Seaby s Coin and Medal Bulletin July 1980 Seaby Publications Ltd 1980 p 219 Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain amp Ireland Cambridge University Press for the Royal Asiatic Society 1890 p 643 Seaby s Coin and Medal Bulletin July 1980 Seaby Publications Ltd 1980 p 219 Bibliography Edit The dynastic art of the Kushans Rosenfield Burgess James 1880 The Cave Temples of India Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 1 108 05552 9 Preceded byNahapana Western Satrap130 CE Succeeded byJayadaman Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chashtana amp oldid 1151399510, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
